The Effect of Nanofluid Volume Fraction to The Rate of Heat Transfer Convection Nanofluid Water-Al₂O₃ on Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Shell and tube heat exchanger is now widely used in the field of industry and technology. In many applications, the working fluid is still a conventional fluid that still has a low thermal conductivity properties. Nanofluid is one of the ways that can be used to increase the thermal conductivity. The purpose of this research is to identify the influence of volume fraction against the heat transfer rate and effectiveness on shell and tube heat exchanger. The material used is Al₂O₃ with difference fraction volume of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% on the cold fluid. The temperature of the fluid used in the heat of 90 ° C . The result of this study shows the highest effectiveness in mixed fraction nanofluid volume of 1.5%, which is 42% with the rate of heat transfer of 7061.93 Watts. Then the lowest effectiveness obtained on the State mixture volume fraction without nanofluid, which is 17.7% with the rate of heat transfer of 5666.71 Watts. Thus it can be concluded that when the fraction of nanofluid is getting higher, then the volume will increase the rate of heat transfer convection as well as the effectiveness of the shell and tube heat exchanger.