Students’ Perceptions of Using Information and Communication Technology as an E-Learning Method

Nowadays, ICT is used as a catalyst in e-learning to improve the quality of the teaching and learning processes. E-learning primarily incorporates interactive multimedia elements to involve and appreciate learners in the learning process. Multimedia applications provide interactive features, navigation, attract students and also help students to focus more during the learning process. This paper focuses on student perceptions of e-learning as a method of teaching and learning. The study sample consists of two groups of students: group A for traditional approach of learning and group B for e-learning approach. Moodle is used as a platform for e-learning. The research tool uses questionnaires and log data from the activity of Moodle. The questionnaire results are analyzed using SPSS software. From the analyzed data on student’s perception of traditional learning, 53% of students deny that this approach allows them to develop their current understanding of learning. 26.7% of respondents strongly disagree that content is appealing in traditional teaching delivery. A total of 55% of students agree to the use of multimedia e-learning to increase student understanding. Multimedia elearning was interesting and enjoyable to use, according to the findings, 75% of respondents agreed. The study shows that the student’s perception of multimedia e-learning helps to increase the student’s performance. The result has shown that students have demonstrated better learning performance through e-learning.


Introduction
According to (Azura et al., 2009, Khan and Jumani 2012), traditional learning methods are unable to attract and stimulate the learning process of students. Not many activities can be incorporated into teaching and learning practices and it is only include interaction between students and lecturers during the time provided. Khan and Jumani (2012) verify that the traditional teaching and learning methods focus only on face to face meeting.
The use of ICT in the online teaching and learning process is not unusual in this century. This method is intended to replace the traditional method. A paradigm shift from face-to-face teaching environment to a more technology-based learning environment has witnessed the conduct of education in this 21st century (Yap Wei Li, 2016; P V Fernandes & S Caeiro, 2019). The development of education has been influenced by the advancement of ICT. As stated by Zare et al. in 2016, ICT provides opportunities in education sector especially in teaching and learning process.
E-learning activities provide convenient features compared to traditional methods such as online activities, interactive learning material, e-forum discussion, and quiz evaluation. Therefore, multimedia e-learning provides learning content to improve their learning outcomes Moodle is used as a production tool for learning materials and has been chosen as an educational institution tool to communicate within the community, share teaching materials, design quizzes, and so on.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Information and communication technology (ICT) as a global requirement to exchange traditional teaching methods with a technology teaching based and learning tools (Ghavifekr & Rosdy, 2016

Multimedia E-learning
E-Learning provides a variety of facilities that can be used in the teaching and learning process. It combines primary information for the technological newbie with sophisticated thoughts for use of technology in the classroom (Tyley, 2012). Thus, teachers need to provide realistic thinking and guidance on methods to use technology to enhance and support student learning. In addition, the use of e-learning can indirectly improve the method of teaching system. The defense of this statement is agreed upon by Applied E-Learning and E-Teaching in Higher Education in 2010, stated that student knowledge and experience can be improved through the use of e-learning software throughout the teaching and learning process.
Information communication can be done in a more effective and it can be an effective teaching medium for conveying information. Malalasekera and Walsh, 2007; Wai Kit Wong and Poh Kiat Ng 2016 reported that communication is easier to use, the navigation facility needed to be include in teaching and learning needs to be determined. Meanwhile refer to Abbas in 2012, people learn better from words and pictures than from words alone. Thus, the use of multimedia elements can stimulate the human senses (Wang et al. The interactive multimedia elearning helps student to be more creative in thinking during learning process. Online learning helps make students happy and effective. As claimed by Karl & Jams (2006); Amal & Lama (2018) the transition to online learning from traditional approaches can be particularly effective.
Hence, studies show that students' perceptions of online learning are far better than traditional learning. In addition, e-learning methods can help students perform a variety of activities during the learning process. Previous studies by Sachiko Matsunaga (2016); T. Almarabeh (2018) clarified that online activities required students to post their replies to one of the discussion questions after studying, comment on the posting of their reply by another student, take online quizzes and submit to the instructor at the end of the course a self-reflection of learning.
This shows, e-learning gives students positive impression of their comfort throughout the learning process. As identified by S Bali & M C Liu (2018), online learning brings students comfort because the use of computer technology gives them the chance to be innovative.
Moreover, e-learning allows students to implement the learning process anytime or anywhere. Research by R.S. Mamattah in 2016 found that e-learning provides the learner with flexibility and comfort in order to complete the course materials and when they want to. Statistical findings by Snowball in 2014 showed that more active online platforms were most useful in improving student performance, such as multiple-choice and graphics questions. The combination of ICT and e-learning has a positive impact in helping to improve student performance. Sankey Khasawneh et al.(2016) identified that electronic learning allows individualized education and may improve student performance. On the whole, this method also provides the opportunity for educators to diversify the more innovative way of education.

Data
The research population was applied to a group of graduate students in computer science (multimedia) at Pahang Kuantan College. The sample consisted of 4 semester students working on the subject of Instructional Design. The sample is divided into two groups, Group A (n=20), using traditional methods of learning. Group A was provided with a questionnaire to obtain data on the use of learning methods and group B (n=20) using an e-learning method. Although group B questionnaires have been provided, information is also collected through log data in Moodle.
The objective is to compare the perception of the use all teaching methods. In traditional method the data collected by questionnaire. The questionnaire is divided into demographic information, student perception learning effectiveness and content in traditional learning. The multimedia learning questionnaire is divided into the knowledge of students in e-learning, performance of students in multimedia learning, and perception of students in Moodle. The questionnaire is developed and measured using five point Likert scale range: 1-Strongly disagree, 2-Disagree, 3-Neither agree, 4-Agree and 5-Strongly agree. The data collected is translated into specific codes that will represent the variables as shown in the questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis methods such as frequency, percentage and mean.

Methodology
The research methods used are between traditional learning and multimedia learning. This study examine about student perception on traditional learning, investigate the effectiveness and perception on traditional learning content. E-learning is an interactive learning method that transforms traditional learning into interactive multimedia learning. Furthermore, e-learning has various interactive features to design multimedia learning material like presentation, words and visual information, online forums and quiz. Moodle are one of the platform provide the interactive features for e-learning. Research conducted focuses on student perceptions of e-learning, e-learning effectiveness and student perception of e-learning content.

Student Perception of Traditional Learning
The analysis was conducted to identify traditional learning perceptions. learning is interesting and enjoyable to use. In a meantime, 26.7% strongly disagree compared to only 10% strongly agree on the declaration of interesting content in traditional teaching methods. In addition, 53.3% disagree meanwhile 13.3% are strongly disagreed, 13.3% of respondents are agreed otherwise 10.0% strongly agree, furthermore 50.0% disagree however 23.3% strongly disagreed with the statement of Traditional teaching helps me improve in understanding the subject that I am studying. The min benchmarking from another result by Clement and Keith (2007) found that the student perception in traditional learning. The min is around 3.5.

The Student Knowledge in the Multimedia E-Learning
The results show that 50.0% of respondents are familiar with e-learning. Besides that, 70.0% of the respondents are agreed that they have skill in using an e-learning, in addition 25% strongly agree with that too. In addition, 55.0% agreed, 45.0% strongly agreed, compared to only 5% neither that they would use e-learning to obtain learning information. Furthermore, there are 50.0% of the respondents felt that e-learning helps in the learning process. Overall, the level of knowledge of e-learning among respondents is very good with min or average results are 4.3.

Students Perception in the Multimedia Learning Method
The findings indicated that 75.0% of respondents agree about the multimedia e-learning was interesting and pleasant to use, 20.0% strongly agree meanwhile 5.0% neither. Through this study, 65.0% of the respondents agreed and 30.0% strongly agree that content using e-learning delivery methods are interesting. In addition, multimedia teaching and learning helps improve understanding of the subject, 30.0% of respondents agreed and 55.5% strongly agreed. Furthermore, 45.0% respondents agreed and strongly agree with the use of multimedia learning methods (e-learning) make me more interested in learning sessions, however only 10.0% of respondents expressed neither. In addition, the fact of the questionnaire items indicates learning using e-learning methods is not boring, 50.0% respondents agreed and 45.0% respondents strongly agree with it. Moreover, this multimedia method of learning can make students become more creative. It found that as many as 55.0% respondents strongly agree and 35.0% agree. Besides that, 55.0% of the respondents are strongly agreed meanwhile 35.0% disagree that e-learning is very useful to them. Finally, 65.0% respondents strongly agreed and 30.0% agreed that e-learning saves time to get a reference.   Table 4.4 is about the student perception of the multimedia module content in e-learning. The results show that 50.0% of the respondents agree and 45.0% strongly agree that multimedia module helps in the process of teaching and learning. In addition, 60.0% agreed and 35.5% strongly agreed that the examples available in the multimedia module would be easy for them to understand in learning. Meanwhile, 65.0% respondants agreed and 30.0% strongly agreed that the information presented in this module is easy for them to understand. Thus, respondents were very satisfied with land subsidence information obtained through e-learning.

The Student Perception in the Multimedia E-Learning Using Moodle
Through this study, it is shown that most of the respondents are adept at using Moodle. 60.0% of respondents agreed and 30.0% strongly agreed that they are very skilled at Using Moodle. In addition, 60.0% of respondents agreed and 30.0% strongly agree that they always use Moodle at home. Moreover, 50.0% of the respondents agreed and 40.0% strongly agreed with the 4.3 mean rates where the respondents were comfortable using Moodle in their learning. Furthermore, 50.0% respondents agreed and 40.0% strongly agree that using this method is easy to get learning materials. Finally, 55.0% respondents are strongly agreed and 40.0% agreed that they could save time to use Moodle for learning materials.  Table 4.6 below shows student performance using traditional learning method. Data was collected from student semester 4 (20paxs). The evaluation marks is 40%. According to the data below, the highest score for students is 27% (2pax) meanwhile the lowers is 16% (1pax).   An instance of this data was collected from the student in semester 4. The assessment marks is 40%. As a result from the data below, the higher mark for students is 34% and the lowest is 12%. Students scored marks between 30% -34% are about 12 students over 20 students. This is an increase in student performance through multimedia learning compared to traditional learning.  From the table 4.9 the data analyses show the marks student get after taken quiz using traditional methods and multimedia learning method. The online quiz marks are 5%. The average marks student got used multimedia learning is 3.5. The result is better than using traditional learning in which the average is 2.6. It can be stated that the use of multimedia learning in answer quiz gives students a substantial increase compared to the traditional use of learning. Based on data analysis, student performance using multimedia learning is much better than using traditional learning. Refer table 4.10, 55% students get A in multimedia learning method. This result better than traditional learning. Table show that, the student doesn't reach A (0%). The highest grade student receives in traditional method only get grade B about 40% and grade C in 50%.

Discussion and conclusion
The results of the data analysis conclude that students have a good perception of e-learning. Students are well prepared and have a good motivation to use e-learning. The study found statistically significant differences in the student's perception of multimedia learning between traditional learning in the survey questions. Students in multimedia learning more satisfied than traditional learning methods as shown in the three questions: Q1) the traditional learning was interesting and pleasant to use, Q2) the use of traditional learning methods makes me more interested in learning sessions and Q3) learn using this method not boring me. These results have revealed that students do not give full attention to the traditional classroom because this method is not attractive to them during learning process.
Students were more satisfied and strongly agreed on the multimedia module to be studied in this questionnaire: Q1) this module helps in the process of teaching and learning, Q2) the use of 10 multimedia modules is one way to attract students concentrate in class and Q3) the information presented in this module is easy for me to understand. Learning materials such as notes, quizzes, assignments and forums have been inserted and uploaded into e-learning. Future studies should consider the use of teaching materials for traditional learning and e-learning methods, where teaching materials may be one of the factors that determine the effectiveness of learning methods. Additional research is also needed to determine which teaching material has an impact on student performance.