Competency of vocational schools required by construction industry in consultants’ supervisor

This study aims to find out how much the needs of personal competence, basic knowledge, and work skills of vocational graduates Construction and Property Technology Expertise Program by the world of Construction Services Industry which is engaged in the Field Supervision Consultant. The method used to select the sample is the quota sampling and snowball sampling method where the sample is 15 companies with a population of 136 companies. The results of this study draw conclusions as follows: (1) overall competence of vocational school graduates construction and property technology expertise program included in the “very needed” category with value of 81,52 (2) personal competence included in the “very needed” category with value of 86,59, (3) basic knowledge competence included in the “needed” category with value of 80,52, and (4) competence of work skills is included in the “needed” category with a value of 78.60.


Introduction
The construction service industry is one of the industrial sectors that carry out development activities. Products from the construction service industry are buildings, roads, bridges, rails and rail bridges, tunnels, water and drainage buildings, sanitation buildings, aircraft runways, docks, power plant buildings, transmission, distribution and communication network buildings. Construction in Indonesia makes Indonesia one of the largest construction markets in ASEAN. The construction market consists of the construction work market, the construction labor market, and the construction materials market. The value of infrastructure investment in Indonesia in 2010-2025 is estimated to reach more than 1,700 trillion rupiah, which has an impact on increasing the needs of construction workers, both skilled and skilled workers by 48 million people [1].
The results of a survey conducted by the World Bank in 2008, employers stated that it is almost generally assumed that skills requirements will increase in the coming years, there are higher quality standards, a more competitive and export-oriented business environment such as the main driver to increase requirements. This is in line with Indonesia's ideals of becoming a high-income country, macroeconomic trends (ASEAN, rising wages in China) and rising middle class [2]. One of vocational  Educational goals are divided into general goals and special goals. The specific objectives of vocational secondary education are (1) preparing students to be productive, able to work independently, fill existing job openings as secondary level workers according to their competencies in the chosen expertise program; (2) preparing students to be able to choose a career, be tenacious and be persistent in competence, adapt to the work environment and develop professional attitudes in the areas of expertise they are interested in; (3) equipping students with science, technology, and art to be able to develop themselves in the future both independently and through higher education levels; and (4) equipping students with competencies that are in accordance with the chosen expertise program [4].
The problem aroused is that the students lack of confidence in doing certain hair cutting and barber techniques because they have high risks. The schools also do not provide the students with adequate practical equipment that correspond to the development of the industry thus the students are not ready when going to the workplaces. Moreover, the other problem is that some skills are not really used in the workplaces such as traditional bun and hair pieces. These skills are usually only used by beauty salons that provide special makeup and for weddings. The skills are not used in regular beauty salons because the consumers usually go for body care [5]. Vocational High Schools have the primary mission to produce skilled workforce and in accordance with employment needs. In addition, Vocational Education graduates also have the opportunity to continue their education to a higher level (higher education), but are also expected to be able to create their own employment as independent entrepreneurs [6].
Based on the above understanding, Vocational Schools are built to prepare students to enter the workforce after completing their education in Vocational Schools. If vocational students can immediately work after graduation, it will have the opportunity to reduce the number of unemployed people in Indonesia. However, according to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2019, seen from the level of education in February 2019 [7], the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) for SMKs is still the highest among other education levels, which is 8.63 percent. Open unemployment rate is an indicator that can be used to measure the level of labor supply that is not used or not absorbed by the market. In other words, there is a supply of labor that is not absorbed especially at the vocational education level.

Method
The population of this research is the Construction Services Industry business entity in Yogyakarta which is engaged in field supervision services. The sample used was 15 construction service business entities engaged in field supervision services from 136 business entities incorporated in INKINDO. The sample selection uses quota and snowball sampling methods in which quota sampling is used from 15 companies of at least 1 class B company, 3 class M companies, and 11 class K companies [8].
What is meant in this qualification is the qualification in the field supervisor service not the company class qualification although the company class qualification is also carried out from class K to class B. The purpose of class K is a small company, M is a medium company, and B is a big company. A good instrument is that it must meet two important requirements, namely valid and reliable. To find out the validity and reliability of the instrument, a trial was held first. The results of this trial are used to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument [9]. The research instrument in this study was using a questionnaire, with Linkert measurement scale with four answer choices. The four answer choices to the question are very much needed (MN) with a score of 4, needed (N) with a score of 3, quite needed (QN) with a score of 2 and less needed (LN) with a score of 1.  If the respondent considers that the competency curriculum of the Construction and Property Technology Vocational School is very much needed in the construction service industry where the work intensity requires very high competence Needed (N) If the respondent considers that the competency curriculum of the Construction and Property Technology Vocational School is needed by the construction service industry where the work intensity requires high competence Quite Needed (QN) If the respondent thinks that the competency curriculum of the Construction and Property Technology Vocational School is sufficiently needed the construction service industry where the work intensity that requires competence is quite high. Less Needed (LN) If the respondent considers that the competency curriculum of the Construction and Property Technology Vocational School is less needed by the construction service industry where the work intensity requires less competency Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive statistics with percentages to provide a description of the variables obtained. Descriptive analysis steps in the data of this research instrument are (1) tabulating answers from respondents in order to facilitate the process of data analysis, (2) finding the number of values of each question item, (3) calculating the percentage of data that has been collected, (4) using a normal distribution curve.

Personal competency of vocational in construction and property technology
From the results of the analysis that has been done using percentage, the following results are obtained. Competence with the highest percentage is easy to adjust to the new work environment with a percentage of 93% and falls into the category of much needed in the world of the Construction Services Industry. This is actually very much in accordance with the Competency Standards of Vocational School Graduates [10] in the dimension of attitude which states that graduates can "be responsible for interacting effectively with the social and natural environment and in placing themselves as a reflection of nationalism and social relations". The lowest percentage value from this category is 80% for competence to work without a lot of boss's intuition and competence is able to reason and provide a rational explanation of work.
Personal competence consisting of 20 competencies after analysis of the total number of scores obtained and the average, the results are as follows. Of the 15 companies that became respondents obtained an average score of 69.27 which, if converted to a scale of 100, obtained 86.59 and included in the category "Very Needed".

Basic knowledge competency of vocational in construction and property technology
From the results of the analysis that has been done using the percentage the following results are obtained. Competence with the highest percentage is able to read work drawings with a percentage of 92% and is in the category of much needed due to the scope or responsibilities of a supervisor's work. In the explanation of the scope of work of a supervisory service one of the jobs is to ensure that the construction work being carried out is in accordance with the final design. So it is important for a SMK graduate who wants to be a field supervisor to be able to read work drawings and be able to provide technical assistance or advice if the work does not match the work drawings available. The ability to write documents in English well is included in the category of sufficient required with the lowest percentage of 57.5% by the world of the Construction Services Industry Field Supervision Services because as explained earlier competency that the projects handled by the company being the respondent are still local projects.
Basic knowledge competence which consists of 13 items of competence after analysis of the total number of scores obtained and the average, the results are in Table 6.  Of the 15 companies that became respondents, an average score of 41.87 was obtained, which if converted to a scale of 100 would obtain 80.52 and fall into the "Needed" category.

Vocational competencies in work skills in construction and property technology
The highest percentage of work skills competency is able to calculate the volume of work in the construction of buildings which gets a percentage of 87%. The possibility of this point gets the highest percentage because companies are more demanding of vocational school graduates to have the ability to calculate the RAB and also possibly due to the company using a lot of vocational school graduates to calculate the RAB of a building.
The lowest percentage of work skills competency is to understand the technical implementation of earthworks for the implementation of building construction work and to understand the technical implementation of wood construction work on building construction work which obtains a percentage of 73%. The percentages made in each of these competencies will then be used in categorizing whether the competencies are included in the competencies that are needed, needed, needed enough, or less needed.
From the results of the analysis that has been done using the percentage the following results are obtained. The highest percentage of competence is being able to calculate the volume of work in the construction of buildings, a percentage of 87% and a category that is highly needed by the construction services industry. This is according to level 2 qualification parameters (Attachment of Presidential Regulation No. 8, 2012) able to carry out one specific task, using tools, and information, and work procedures that are commonly performed, under the direct supervision of his superiors. While the lowest competence is competence "understanding the technical implementation of earthworks for the implementation of building construction work" and competence "understanding the technical implementation of wood construction work on building construction work" with a score of 73%.
Work skills competence consisting of 25 items after analysis of the total number of scores obtained and the average results are as follows. Of the 15 companies that were respondents, an average score of 78.60 was obtained and did not need to be changed to a scale of 100 because it was already on the 100 scale and included in the "Needed" category.

Level of competency needs graduates of smk construction and property technology in the construction services industry field supervision services
Overall, the competency needs of SMK graduates required by the Construction Services industry both from personal competence, basic knowledge, and work skills in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and from 15 companies that became respondents obtained an average score of 189.73 which, if converted to scale 100 will be obtained 81.58 and included in the category "Very Needed".
From the three groups, it was found that the results of the competencies that received the highest average were in the personal competency group. The personal competency group of vocational graduates in the Construction and Property Technology Expertise Program is very much needed by the Construction Services Industry world with a value of 86.59 where the more needed competence is "easy to adjust to the new work environment" with a score of 93% while the competence those with the lowest needs are competence "able to work without a lot of instructions from superiors" and competence "able to reason and provide rational explanations about work" at 80% The basic knowledge competency group of Vocational School graduates of the Construction and Property Technology Expertise Program is needed by the world of Construction Services Industry with a value of 80.52 where the more needed competence is "able to read working drawings" with a score of 92% while the greatest competency needs the most low is competence "able to write documents in English well" with a score of 80%.
The competency group work skills of SMK graduates in the Construction and Property Technology Expertise Program are needed by the world of Construction Services Industry with a value of 78.60 where the more competency needed is "able to calculate the volume of work in the implementation of building construction" with a score of 87% while the highest competency with the lowest requirement is competence "understanding the technical implementation of earthworks for the implementation of building construction work" and competence "understanding the technical implementation of wood construction work on building construction work" with a score of 73%.