Development of light scattering methods for urinary stones diagnosis

The Kidney stones in the urinary tract area formed due to many factors. Most medical cases, this disease was diagnosed after the order of millimeters or centimeters. The purpose of this study was to characterize standard polystyrene solutions with light scattering techniques as a calibration tool that will be used to characterize urine crystals. The first stage begins with a literature review and optical settings. The second stage, the arrangement, and components of the tool were validated by measuring the aperture width based on the experiment and measuring the most appropriate cuvette to be used in the sample. The third stage, polystyrene was dissolved with 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran and measured by variations in molecular weight and concentration of polystyrene. The molecular weight of polystyrene was 4000, 90000, 200000, 400000 and 900000 grams/mol. The results showed the width of the gap according to the experiment was 0.05 mm. The cuvette which has a diffraction width value similar to the measurement without cuvette (Blank) measured from the central beam axis to dark 1 was a cuvette diameter of 27 mm. The results of the polystyrene solution showed a diffraction width change in the polystyrene solution for each molecular weight and concentration change. The higher the molecular weight and concentration, the smaller the diffraction width.