Constraining the neutrino emission of gravitationally lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars with ANTARES data

S. Adrián-Martínez; A. Albert; M. André; G. Anton; M. Ardid; J.-J. Aubert; B. Baret; J. Barrios-Martí; S. Basa; V. Bertin; S. Biagi; C. Bogazzi; R. Bormuth; M. Bou-Cabo; M.C. Bouwhuis; R. Bruijn; J. Brunner; J. Busto; A. Capone; L. Caramete; J. Carr; T. Chiarusi; M. Circella; R. Coniglione; L. Core; H. Costantini; P. Coyle; A. Creusot; G. De Rosa; I. Dekeyser; A. Deschamps; G. De Bonis; C. Distefano; C. Donzaud; D. Dornic; Q. Dorosti; D. Drouhin; A. Dumas; T. Eberl; D. Elsässer; A. Enzenhöfer; S. Escoffier; K. Fehn; I. Felis; P. Fermani; F. Folger; L.A. Fusco; S. Galatà; P. Gay; S. Geißelsöder; K. Geyer; V. Giordano; A. Gleixner; J.P. Gómez-González; K. Graf; G. Guillard; H. van Haren; A.J. Heijboer; Y. Hello; J.J. Hernández-Rey; B. Herold; A. Herrero; J. Hößl; J. Hofestädt; C. Hugon; C.W. James; M. de Jong; M. Kadler; O. Kalekin; A. Kappes; U. Katz; D. Kießling; P. Kooijman; A. Kouchner; I. Kreykenbohm; V. Kulikovskiy; R. Lahmann; E. Lambard; G. Lambard; D. Lefèvre; E. Leonora; H. Loehner; S. Loucatos; S. Mangano; M. Marcelin; A. Margiotta; J.A. Martínez-Mora; S. Martini; A. Mathieu; T. Michael; P. Migliozzi; C. Müller; M. Neff; E. Nezri; D. Palioselitis; G.E. Păvălaš; C. Perrina; V. Popa; T. Pradier; C. Racca; G. Riccobene; R. Richter; K. Roensch; A. Rostovtsev; M. Saldaña; D.F.E. Samtleben; A. Sánchez-Losa; M. Sanguineti; J. Schmid; J. Schnabel; S. Schulte; F. Schüssler; T. Seitz; C. Sieger; A. Spies; M. Spurio; J.J.M. Steijger; Th. Stolarczyk; M. Taiuti; C. Tamburini; Y. Tayalati; A. Trovato; M. Tselengidou; C. Tönnis; B. Vallage; C. Vallée; V. Van Elewyck; E. Visser; D. Vivolo; S. Wagner; J. Wilms; E. de Wolf; K. Yatkin; H. Yepes; J.D. Zornoza; J. Zúñiga; E.E. Falco

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2014/11/017

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

The following article is Open access

Constraining the neutrino emission of gravitationally lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars with ANTARES data

S. Adrián-Martínez¹, A. Albert², M. André³, G. Anton⁴, M. Ardid¹, J.-J. Aubert⁵, B. Baret⁶, J. Barrios-Martí⁷, S. Basa⁸, V. Bertin⁵, S. Biagi^9,10, C. Bogazzi¹¹, R. Bormuth^11,12, M. Bou-Cabo¹, M.C. Bouwhuis¹¹, R. Bruijn¹¹, J. Brunner⁵, J. Busto⁵, A. Capone^13,14, L. Caramete¹⁵, J. Carr⁵, T. Chiarusi⁹, M. Circella¹⁶, R. Coniglione¹⁷, L. Core⁵, H. Costantini⁵, P. Coyle⁵, A. Creusot⁶, G. De Rosa^18,19, I. Dekeyser^20,39, A. Deschamps²¹, G. De Bonis^13,14, C. Distefano¹⁷, C. Donzaud^6,22, D. Dornic⁵, Q. Dorosti²³, D. Drouhin², A. Dumas²⁴, T. Eberl⁴, D. Elsässer²⁵, A. Enzenhöfer⁴, S. Escoffier⁵, K. Fehn⁴, I. Felis¹, P. Fermani^13,14, F. Folger⁴, L.A. Fusco^9,10, S. Galatà⁶, P. Gay²⁴, S. Geißelsöder⁴, K. Geyer⁴, V. Giordano²⁶, A. Gleixner⁴, J.P. Gómez-González⁷, K. Graf⁴, G. Guillard²⁴, H. van Haren²⁷, A.J. Heijboer¹¹, Y. Hello²¹, J.J. Hernández-Rey⁷, B. Herold⁴, A. Herrero¹, J. Hößl⁴, J. Hofestädt⁴, C. Hugon^28,29, C.W. James⁴, M. de Jong^11,12, M. Kadler²⁵, O. Kalekin⁴, A. Kappes⁴, U. Katz⁴, D. Kießling⁴, P. Kooijman^11,30,31, A. Kouchner⁶, I. Kreykenbohm³², V. Kulikovskiy¹⁷, R. Lahmann⁴, E. Lambard⁵, G. Lambard⁷, D. Lefèvre^20,39, E. Leonora^26,33, H. Loehner²³, S. Loucatos^6,34, S. Mangano⁷, M. Marcelin⁸, A. Margiotta^9,10, J.A. Martínez-Mora¹, S. Martini^20,39, A. Mathieu⁵, T. Michael¹¹, P. Migliozzi¹⁸, C. Müller³², M. Neff⁴, E. Nezri⁸, D. Palioselitis¹¹, G.E. Păvălaš¹⁵, C. Perrina^13,14, V. Popa¹⁵, T. Pradier³⁵, C. Racca², G. Riccobene¹⁷, R. Richter⁴, K. Roensch⁴, A. Rostovtsev³⁶, M. Saldaña¹, D.F.E. Samtleben^11,12, A. Sánchez-Losa⁷, M. Sanguineti^28,29, J. Schmid⁴, J. Schnabel⁴, S. Schulte¹¹, F. Schüssler³⁴, T. Seitz⁴, C. Sieger⁴, A. Spies⁴, M. Spurio^9,10, J.J.M. Steijger¹¹, Th. Stolarczyk³⁴, M. Taiuti^28,29, C. Tamburini^20,39, Y. Tayalati³⁷, A. Trovato¹⁷, M. Tselengidou⁴, C. Tönnis⁷, B. Vallage³⁴, C. Vallée⁵, V. Van Elewyck⁶, E. Visser¹¹, D. Vivolo^18,19, S. Wagner⁴, J. Wilms³², E. de Wolf^11,31, K. Yatkin⁵, H. Yepes⁷, J.D. Zornoza⁷, J. Zúñiga⁷ and E.E. Falco³⁸

Published 11 November 2014 • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Volume 2014, November 2014 Citation S. Adrián-Martínez et al JCAP11(2014)017 DOI 10.1088/1475-7516/2014/11/017

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¹ Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, Gandia, 46730 Spain

² GRPHE - Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, 34 rue du Grillenbreit BP 50568, Colmar, 68008 France

³ Technical University of Catalonia, Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Rambla Exposició, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, 08800 Spain

⁴ Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, Erlangen, 91058 Germany

⁵ Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, Marseille, 13288 France

⁶ APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, Paris Cedex 13, F-75205 France

⁷ IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Edificios Investigación de Paterna, CSIC - Universitat de València, Apdo de Correos 22085, Valencia, 46071 Spain

⁸ LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l'Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, Marseille Cedex 13, 13388 France

⁹ INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, Bologna, 40127 Italy

¹⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna, 40127 Italy

¹¹ Nikhef, Science Park 105, Amsterdam, 1098XG The Netherlands

¹² Leids Instituut voor Onderzoek in de Natuurkunde, Universiteit Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden, 2333CA The Netherlands

¹³ INFN -Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

¹⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, Roma, 00185 Italy

¹⁵ Institute for Space Sciences, Bucharest, Măgurele, R-77125 Romania

¹⁶ INFN - Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70126 Italy

¹⁷ INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, Catania, 95123 Italy

¹⁸ INFN - Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, Napoli, 80126 Italy

¹⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, Napoli, 80126 Italy

²⁰ Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, Cedex 9, 13288 France

²¹ Géoazur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la CÃ´te d'Azur, Rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis, France

²² Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, 91405 France

²³ Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut (KVI), University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, Groningen, 9747 AA The Netherlands

²⁴ Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 France

²⁵ Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, Würzburg, 97074 Germany

²⁶ INFN - Sezione di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania, 95125 Italy

²⁷ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Landsdiep 4, 't Horntje (Texel), 1797 SZ The Netherlands

²⁸ INFN - Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146 Italy

²⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, 16146 Italy

³⁰ Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Betawetenschappen, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht, 3584 CC The Netherlands

³¹ Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Science Park 105, Amsterdam, 1098 XG The Netherlands

³² Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, Bamberg, 96049 Germany

³³ Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia dell'Università, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania, 95125 Italy

³⁴ Direction des Sciences de la Matière - Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers - Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, 91191 France

³⁵ IPHC-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien - Université de Strasbourg et CNRS/IN2P3, 23 rue du Loess, BP 28, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67037 France

³⁶ ITEP - Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, B. Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow, 117218 Russia

³⁷ University Mohammed I, Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, B.P. 717, Oujda, 6000 Morocco

³⁸ Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138 U.S.A.

³⁹ Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS-INSU/IRD UM 110, La Garde Cedex, 83957 France

Dates

Received 1 September 2014
Accepted 18 September 2014
Published 11 November 2014

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Abstract

This paper proposes to exploit gravitational lensing effects to improve the sensitivity of neutrino telescopes to the intrinsic neutrino emission of distant blazar populations. This strategy is illustrated with a search for cosmic neutrinos in the direction of four distant and gravitationally lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars. The magnification factor is estimated for each system assuming a singular isothermal profile for the lens. Based on data collected from 2007 to 2012 by the ANTARES neutrino telescope, the strongest constraint is obtained from the lensed quasar B0218+357, providing a limit on the total neutrino luminosity of this source of 1.08× 10⁴⁶ erg s^-1. This limit is about one order of magnitude lower than those previously obtained in the ANTARES standard point source searches with non-lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars.

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Constraining the neutrino emission of gravitationally lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars with ANTARES data

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