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Paper

Method of nose stretching in Newton's problem of minimal resistance

Published 23 June 2021 © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd & London Mathematical Society
, , Citation Alexander Plakhov 2021 Nonlinearity 34 4716 DOI 10.1088/1361-6544/abf5c0

0951-7715/34/7/4716

Abstract

We consider the problem $\mathrm{inf}\left\{\int {\int }_{{\Omega}}{\left(1+\vert \nabla u\left({x}_{1},{x}_{2}\right){\vert }^{2}\right)}^{-1}\mathrm{d}{x}_{1}\enspace \mathrm{d}{x}_{2}:\;\text{the}\;\text{function}\right.$ $\left.u:{\Omega}\to \mathbb{R}\;\text{is}\;\text{concave}\;\text{and}\;0{\leqslant}u\left(x\right){\leqslant}M\text{for}\enspace \text{all}\enspace x=\left({x}_{1},{x}_{2}\right)\in {\Omega}=\left\{\vert x\vert {\leqslant}1\right\}\right\}$ (Newton's problem) and its generalizations. In the paper by Brock, Ferone, and Kawohl (1996) it is proved that if a solution u is C2 in an open set $\mathcal{U}\subset {\Omega}$ then  det  D2u = 0 in $\mathcal{U}$. It follows that graph ${\left.\left(u\right)\rfloor \right.}_{\mathcal{U}}$ does not contain extreme points of the subgraph of u. In this paper we prove a somewhat stronger result. Namely, there exists a solution u possessing the following property. If u is C1 in an open set $\mathcal{U}\subset {\Omega}$ then graph $\left({\left.u\rfloor \right.}_{\mathcal{U}}\right)$ does not contain extreme points of the convex body Cu = {(x, z): x ∈ Ω, 0 ⩽ zu(x)}. As a consequence, we have ${C}_{u}=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{v}\left(\bar{\text{Sing}{C}_{u}}\right)$, where SingCu denotes the set of singular points of ∂Cu. We prove a similar result for a generalization of Newton's problem.

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Footnotes

  • Actually, Newton considered a one-parameter family of reflection laws. Namely, a parameter 0 ⩽ k ⩽ 1 is fixed, and in a reference system connected with the body, at each impact, the normal component of the particle's velocity of incidence is multiplied by −k, while the tangential component remains unchanged. In the case k = 1 we have the law of perfectly elastic (billiard) reflection.

  • A convex body is a compact convex set with nonempty interior.

  • Note in passing that in this thesis it was shown for the first time that Newton's radial solution (see figure 1) does not solve generalized problem (1) for M sufficiently large.

  • A point ξ ∈ ∂Ω is called regular, if there is a unique line of support to Ω at ξ.

  • The authors work with convex, rather than concave, functions u1, u2, u satisfying u2uu1. With these changes, the statement remains the same.

  • A point (x, u(x)) of the graph is singular, if u is not differentiable at x.

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