The top 500 results for "pharmacy" are:

Molnupiravir (MLP) is an important antiviral drug recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. In order to design new pharmaceuticals, exploring drug and DNA interaction is crucial . This study aimed to determine the interaction of MLP with calf thymus double-stranded DNA (ct-dsDNA) by electrochemical methods. Investigation of these interactions was carried out using the differential pulse voltammetry technique (DPV) on the biosensor surface and in-solution studies. Changes in ct-dsDNA between deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and deoxyadenosine (dAdo) oxidation signals were examined before and after the interaction. It was found that MLP interacts significantly with bases of ct-dsDNA dAdo. Limits of detection and quantification for MLP-ct-dsDNA interaction were calculated as 2.93 and 9.67 µM in the linear range of 10-200 µM, respectively, based on dAdo's decreasing peak current. To calculate the binding constant of MLP and ct-dsDNA, cyclic voltammetry was used, and it was found to be 8.6×104 M. As for molecular docking techniques, the binding energy of MLP with DNA is −8.1 kcal/mol, and this binding occurred by a combination of strong conventional hydrogen bonding to both adenine and guanine base pair edges, which indicates the interaction of MLP with DNA.

Gambogic acid obtained from plant resin of Garcinia species has anticancer properties. This study focuses on the development and validation of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantification of gambogic acid (GA) content in the gamboge raw sample. The chromatographic system was performed on C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The system consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (85:15 v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The detection was carried out at a wavelength of 360 nm and the retention time of GA was evident at 9 min. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The obtained calibration plot exhibited good linearity in the range of 5 to 120 μg/mL (r² > 0.999). The percentage recovery GA spiked in the gamboge sample ranged from 98.87% to 102.92%. The LOD and LOQ were shown to be 2.069 and 6.271 μg/mL, respectively. The validation study demonstrated that this method was simple, specific, and applicable for quantitative analysis of GA in gamboge resin.

Some of the most common chronic respiratory diseases, incapacitating the development and quality of life of patients and directly correlated with oro-dental cavity are represented by asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CPOD), a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the airways, in which mast cells, eosinophils and T lymphocytes, play an important role [1]. A better understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of these pathology became possible by accepting that the existence of chronic inflammation, with its variations, is reflected in the clinical condition of the elderly patients, with implications on the dental status. Therefore, the present research, using respiratory biomedical explorations, wants to establish a clinical and functional correlation in the case of elderly patients with respiratory diseases and who associate oro-dental pathologies. In the current conditions, in which the predominant viral damage is SARS-COV 2 infection, it is necessary to develop a clinical-functional algorithm to quickly establish a subsequent evolution and prognosis of elderly patients, which involve an increased predisposition to morbidity and mortality.

Background – Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital's Pharmacy is a decentralized pharmacy which performs both patient oriented and product oriented approach. The medicines dispensed to the patients are selected merely on the quality of product and the manufacturer, no substandard medicines are kept in AVBRH pharmacy and the patient are treated with high quality medicines. Objectives To observe the working of decentralized pharmacy in AVBRH. To observe the working of centralized pharmacy. To observe the drug delivery system of decentralized and centralized pharmacy. To compare centralized and decentralized pharmacy. To study the benefits of centralized and decentralized pharmacy. Which pharmacy is beneficial to AVBR Hospital. Methodology The data required will be collected from the manager , pharmacy in-charge , pharmacist and associate pharmacist working at the decentralized hospital in AVBRH and other centralized hospitals and the nurses and patients of AVBRH. Material used – routine activities analysis format Place of study - AVBRH, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha and other pharmacies outside hospital. Duration of study- 2 years Study design – observational study Data collection Primary data –4 pharmacies of AVBRH, by observing all major activities and other pharmacies Secondary data – Question based survey Expected Results – Decentralized pharmacy can be beneficial to AVBRH, as separation of services can be beneficial to both the patients and hospital Study implications – Decentralized pharmacy can be beneficial to the AVBR Hospital and the patients.

This present study was aimed at investigating the effect of the crystallinity of cetyl palmitate based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) on the physical properties of γ-oryzanol-loaded SLNs. SLNs consisting of varying ratios of cetyl palmitate and γ-oryzanol were prepared. Their hydrodynamic diameters were in the range 210–280 nm and the zeta potentials were in the range −27 to −35 mV. The size of SLNs increased as the amount of cetyl palmitate decreased whereas no significant change of zeta potentials was found. Atomic force microscopy pictures indicated the presence of disc-like particles. The crystallinity of SLNs, determined by differential scanning calorimetry and powder x-ray diffraction, was directly dependent on the ratio of cetyl palmitate to γ-oryzanol and decreased with decreasing cetyl palmitate content in the lipid matrix. Varying this ratio in the lipid mix resulted in a shift in the melting temperature and enthalpy, although the SLN structure remained unchanged as an orthorhombic lamellar lattice. This has been attributed to a potential inhibition by γ-oryzanol during lipid crystal growth as well as a less ordered structure of the SLNs. The results revealed that the crystallinity of the SLNs was mainly dependent on the solid lipid, and that the crystallinity has an important impact on the physical characteristics of active-loaded SLNs.

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and has two subtypes: ERα and ERβ. Inhibition of ERα is an effective therapeutic strategy in breast cancer. In contrast, ERβ is the presumed drug target of various autoimmune diseases. Many experimental structures of ERα/β have been reported; however, their structures vary due to ligand variability. Here, we performed structural bioinformatics studies for three-dimensional structures of ERs retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB) and clarify the detailed structural differences between ERα and ERβ. In total, 48 structures registered in the PDB were analyzed by HBOP and HBSITE, which we developed to identify ligand-binding cavities in proteins. PDB entries were clustered by number, shape, size, and location of the ligand-binding pockets. In addition, C-terminal domain shapes, which are divided into "agonist form" and "antagonist form," were also used for clustering. We classified 27 entries of ERα into five clusters and 21 entries of ERβ into seven clusters (a total of 12 clusters). Differences in the pockets and hydrogen bonds with ligands were observed between ERα and ERβ and occurred even within the same ER species. Therefore, we conclude that the structure of ERs is diverse and is affected by ligands.

Pharmacy Physics is a science that combines the knowledge of physics and pharmacy. The combination of them results in the preparation of an excellent standard pharmacy, significant effect, and it has a superb stabilization as well. Ideally, the practicum of the pharmacy physics has to be able to increase the knowledge from theory material and enhance the impetus to develop a particular understanding. The function of student's practicum gets real proof from the concept that has studied so that the practicum activity should be able to take a role as a bridge between theory and real-world in daily activities. This research is attempting to create a particular application that is used for a learning tool when practicum's education is happening in the pharmacy physics lab, named e-mulsi. An app that's created web based aplication, so that it can be accessed by using any device that students have. The pattern that's used to develop the application of e-mulsi is by using the method of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) waterfall model. The effort of this design is hoped to give the alternative learning tool that's suitable for the future development direction and capable of taking the benefits from the technology that's still advancing, especially Industry's revolution 4.0.

The present study was conducted to investigate the percentage of metronidazole microparticle release in an acidic environment at pH 1.2 and an alkaline environment at pH 7.4 and pH 8 in which the highest release occurred and to investigate the microparticle release kinetics. Method: The research method used was an experimental method by making metronidazole microparticles with variations in the amount of hemicellulose from corn cobs which were combined with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and propylene glycol (PG). The mixture was then put into capsules made from a combination of hemicellulose and sodium alginate (3:1). Results: Formula IV provided the smallest percentage of release in the gastric medium at pH 1.2 which was in the 240th minute with 1.80 ± 0.06 percent, followed with the formula IV in the intestinal medium at pH 7.4 in the 600th minute with (3.14 ± 0.13) percent. The largest release in formula IV was found in the colon medium at pH 8 which was in the 600th minute (66.21 ± 0.82) percent. The metronidazole microparticle formula using 200 mg of hemicellulose was not significantly different from using 250 mg of hemicellulose. The metronidazole microparticle release kinetics were formulated using 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg of hemicellulose, all of which followed the zero order, first order, and the Higuchi order release kinetics. Conclusion: The release kinetics of metronidazole available on the market showed greater results than the metronidazole microparticles release which was formulated with variations in the amount of hemicellulose in various mediums.

The objective of this paper is to study the highly cited papers (papers cited more than 30 times) on antineoplastic drugs, and to provide reference for quality improvement and influence increase of journals. Bibliometric analysis of cited papers on antineoplastic drugs published between 1999 and 2018 is conducted by using the Chinese Citation Database. The results show that 4683 papers are cited 34463 times, with an average of 7.36 times per paper. The papers published in 2005, 2010 and 2009 are the most highly cited papers with 2507 (7.27%), 2424 (7.03%) and 2419 (7.02%) times, respectively. The highest number of citation is owned by the paper authored by Ding Jian which is cited 349 (1.01%) times. The most cited journal is Chinese Journal of New Drugs, which is cited 1287 (3.73%) times. The author's affiliation with the highest citation is China Pharmaceutical University with a citation of 1252 (3.63%) times. The research fund with the highest citation which funded those studies is National Natural Science Foundation of China with a citation of 4278 (12.41%) times. The most highly cited subject is pharmacy with a citation of 12036 (34.92%) times. The main citation period of the top 20 papers is from the 2nd year to the 9th year after publication, accounting for 67.70%. The peak years of citation are the 4th year and the 5th year after publication. Among the above-mentioned top 20 papers, the first authors of 9 papers are from universities, accounting for 45.00%. There are 210 papers with a citation over 30 times for each paper, including 112 (53.33%) research papers and 98 (46.67%) review papers. The study also shows that the subjects of research papers with high citation include pharmacological experimental research, the evaluation of clinical effects, and the impact and protection of antineoplastic drugs, the number of cited papers of which are 50, 18 and 13, accounting for 23.81%, 8.57% and 6.19%, respectively. The papers with high citation frequency are those about antineoplastic drugs in pharmacological effects and mechanisms, clinical evaluation, occupational protection, adverse reactions, as well as various reviews. Editors of journal should focus to organize and absorb above ideas in selecting manuscripts to fully exploit the excellent manuscript sources, and to improve the quality and influence of journals.

Meistera chinensis is one of the species that belong to the Zingiberaceae family. Many antioxidant properties have been reported from this family. Thus, we aim to investigate the antioxidant activity of Meistera chinensis and its secondary metabolites. The ethanol extract of M. chinensis was fractioned and obtained Ethyl acetate Fraction (FEA), Precipitate Fraction (FEN), and fraction 1-8 (F1-F8). The fractions were assayed with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonate) for their scavenging activity in vitro. Ascorbic acid and Trolox were used as control. The phytochemical screening was qualitatively conducted with a colorimetric method. The IC50 value of FEA, FEN, F1-F8, AA, and TX according to DPPH were 35.61±2.22; 47.62±2.93; 90.05±2.27; 105.34±0.83; 97.72±1.16; 112.59±1.22;72.81±2.36; 66.67±2.55; 59.47±2.23; 40.93±2.68; 8.84±0.69; and 11.45±0.87 mg/L, respectively. Similiar with ABTS method that exhibited IC50 were 37.27±3.43; 52.10±3.29; 94.19±4.23; 110.40±3.01; 102.80±2.66; 115.71±3.14; 73.60±3.20; 61.98±3.94; 42.70±3.53; 9.58±0.57; and 12.55±4.02, respectively. The secondary metabolites in Meistera chinensis were phenolic compounds, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins. In conclusion, we confirmed that Meistera chinensis has antioxidant capacity for scavenging the free radicals, and the metabolites in M. chinensis might play a vital role in its activity.