Table of contents

Preface

The 6^th Global Conference on Materials Science and Engineering (CMSE2017) was held from October 24^th to October 27^th in Beijing, China. This conference was organized by Bosheng Academic Conference Solutions Co., Ltd (China).

This Conference was aimed to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and scholars to exchange and share their experience and research results on all aspects of Materials Science and Engineering, and discuss the practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted.

CMSE2017 attracted over 130 participants from 26 countries, namely Armenia, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, China, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Spain, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, and USA. The participants (scholars from universities and research institutes, experts from international companies, and engineers from enterprises) shared their oral and poster presentations, as well as six keynote and sixty-eight invited speeches on 7 topics: Nanomaterials, Energy materials and Semiconductors, Mechanics and Mechanical technologies, Structural materials, Characterization & Testing, Advanced Material Technologies, Surface and Coatings Technology. Eight best oral presenters were awarded to attend the conference in 2018 with a free registration fee.

This volume contains 31 papers in the above domains, which were been peer-reviewed by international experts from the Conference Technical Committee and considered innovative and instrumental to further scientific research in the field of Materials Science and Engineering.

Finally, it is my pleasure to thank all participants for their contributions to CMSE2017 and the Organizing Committee, especially the Conference Secretary Ms. Li Ling, for the impressive results of the conference.

Guest Editor:

Dr. Alexander Khotsianovsky,

Managing Editor of Strength of Materials

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The paper presents the results of nanocrystalline powder tantalum consolidation using hot pressing. The authors used two different heating techniques during hot pressing: high-frequency induction heating (HFIH) and pulse plasma sintering (PPS). A comparison of the structure, microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the bulk nanocrystalline tantalum obtained in both techniques was performed. The nanocrystalline powder was made to start from the microcrystalline one using the high-energy ball milling process. The nanocrystalline powder was hot-pressed at 1000 °C, whereas, for comparison, the microcrystalline powder was hot pressed up to 1500 °C for proper consolidation. The authors found that during hot pressing, the powder partially reacts with the graphite die covered by boron nitride, which facilitated punches and powder displacement in the die during densification. Tantalum carbide and boride in the nanocrystalline material was found, which can improve the mechanical properties. The hardness of the HFIH and PPS nanocrystalline tantalum was as high as 625 and 615 HV, respectively. The microstructure was more uniform in the PPS nanomaterial. The corrosion resistance in both cases deteriorated, in comparison to the microcrystalline material, while the PPS material corrosion resistance was slightly better than that of the HFIH one.

Under static conditions, fouling release coating could not express good release property to marine organisms. Amphiphilic polymer with mixture of fluorinated monomer and short side group of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was synthesized. And also we studied the ability of amphiphilic polymer to influence the surface properties and how it controlled the adhesion of marine organisms to coated surfaces. By incorporating fluorinated monomer and PEG side chain into the polymer, the effect of incorporating both polar and non-polar groups on fouling-release coating could be studied. The dry surface was characterized by three-dimensional digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the morphology of the amphiphilic fouling release coating showed just like flaky petal. The amphiphilic polymer in fouling release coating tended to reconstruct in water, and the ability was examined by static contact angle, which was smaller than the PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) fouling release coating. Also surface energy was calculated by three solvents, and surface energy of amphiphilic fouling release coating was higher than that of the PDMS fouling release coating. To understand more about its fouling release property, seawater exposure method was adopted in gulf of Qingdao port. Fewer diatoms Navicula were found in biofilm after using amphiphilic fouling release coating. In general, coating containing both PEG and fluorinated side chain possessed certain fouling release property.

This article gives an overview on the development of aluminum anodization technique in terms of fundamental aspects and practical applications in the past decades. Besides, the formation mechanism and structural characteristics of anodic alumina films as well as the factors affected the formation of porous anodic alumina films are also discussed. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) prepared by the anodization method can be divided into two categories: dense anodic alumina (DAA) and porous anodic alumina (PAA). This article also summarizes the optical properties, magnetic properties, solar absorption properties, and catalytic properties of porous anodic alumina film and its applications in nanomaterials, optical materials, magnetic materials, biosensors, solar cells, and so on. In addition, future developmental trend of porous anodic alumina film is covered.

In the present paper, the possibility of the formation of the tautomeric structure of potassium orotate and magnesium orotate in the solid state is discussed. Using ball milling, we have received the orotate samples with the predominant content of hydroxy and dihydroxy forms. The crystalline and tautomeric structures have been analyzed by XRD, IR, NEXAFS and XPS spectroscopy. There is a slight difference in the water solubility of the orotate tautomers, but the physicochemical properties (viscosity and volumetric thermal expansion coefficients) of tautomers' water solutions significantly differ. The above differences are related to variation of hydration area of orotate anions due to the composition of the functional groups being changed together with the structure of tautomers. The residual differences in the tautomeric structure of solid orotates formed during the milling process are observed in the orotate water solutions for 1.5-2.5 hours. The biological activity of the water solution of a hydroxy form relative to erythrocytes and epithelial cells is higher than that of oxo- and dihydroxy-form water solutions.

The BJ493ZLQ4A diesel engine design is based on the primary model of BJ493ZLQ3, of which exhaust level is upgraded to the National GB5 standard due to the improved design of combustion and injection systems. Given the above changes in the diesel lubrication system, its improved properties are analyzed in this paper. According to the structures, technical parameters and indices of the lubrication system, the lubrication system model of BJ493ZLQ4A diesel engine was constructed using the Flowmaster flow simulation software. The properties of the diesel engine lubrication system, such as the oil flow rate and pressure at different rotational speeds were analyzed for the schemes involving large- and small-scale oil filters. The calculated values of the main oil channel pressure are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the proposed model feasibility. The calculation results show that the main oil channel pressure and maximum oil flow rate values for the large-scale oil filter scheme satisfy the design requirements, while the small-scale scheme yields too low main oil channel's pressure and too high. Therefore, application of small-scale oil filters is hazardous, and the large-scale scheme is recommended.

This paper analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of drive devices of belt conveyors from the angle of energy saving, and summarizes the application advantages and using problems of permanent magnet motor variable frequency drive system in belt conveyors. An example is given to demonstrate the energy saving effect of this system compared with other driving methods. This paper points out the application prospect of permanent magnet motor variable frequency drive system on belt conveyors and other large mining machines in coal mine. This paper is aimed to provide the design direction for the designer and the choice basis for the user on belt conveyor.

In the present work, pulsed current microplasma arc welding is carried out on AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel of 0.3 mm thickness. Peak current, Base current, Pulse rate and Pulse width are chosen as the input variables, whereas grain size and hardness are considered as output responses. Response surface method is adopted by using Box-Behnken Design, and in total 27 experiments are performed. Empirical relation between input and output response is developed using statistical software and analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level to check the adequacy. The main effect and interaction effect of input variables on output response are also studied.

Present research work reports the systematic investigation of thermal and electrical characterizations of Ge₂₀Sn₁₀Se_70-xSb_x (x = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15) glass system to probe the structural modifications. Bulk samples are prepared using melt quenching technique. Differential scanning calorimetric technique (DSC) is used at the constant heating rate of 10⁰C under nonisothermal conditions. Different kinetic parameters viz. glass transition temperature T_g, Hruby parameter H_r, crystallization temperature T_c, etc., have been calculated. Glasses under study shows good thermal stability, hence, can find practical applications especially in optical fiber technology. Further, in the current study, an attempt has been made to observe the variation in conductivity with respect to the increase in temperature for amorphous Ge₂₀Sn₁₀Se_70-xSb_x (x = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15) using two probe method and hence the band structure and corresponding conduction mechanism is studied.

In order to solve the problem of slow computation speed, matching pursuit algorithm is applied to rolling bearing fault diagnosis, and the improvement are conducted from two aspects that are the construction of dictionary and the way to search for atoms. To be specific, Gabor function which can reflect time-frequency localization characteristic well is used to construct the dictionary, and the genetic algorithm to improve the searching speed. A time-frequency analysis method based on genetic algorithm matching pursuit (GAMP) algorithm is proposed. The way to set property parameters for the improvement of the decomposition results is studied. Simulation and experimental results illustrate that the weak fault feature of rolling bearing can be extracted effectively by this proposed method, at the same time, the computation speed increases obviously.

In this paper, several mechanical responses of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filled with nano-scale attapulgite (AT) particles, including cyclic loading-unloading behavior, dynamic mechanical behavior and stress relaxation have been investigated. With the addition of AT, it is noticed that the strength, modulus and stress relaxation time of TPU increased significantly compared to that of unfilled materials. It is also observed that, whether filled or unfilled TPU, pronounced inelastic mechanical features such as Mullins effect, residual strain and hysteresis, occurred mainly during the first load loop, but became more notable with AT increase.

In order to explore the effect of stratified evolution and delamination on the load capacity and service life of the composite materials under the four-point bending loading, the artificial tectonic defects of the different positions were set up. The four-point bending test was carried out, and the whole process was recorded by acoustic emission, and the damage degree of the composite layer was judged by the impact accumulation of the specimen - time-amplitude history chart, load-time-relative energy history chart, acoustic emission impact signal positioning map. The results show that the stratified defects near the surface of the specimen accelerate the process of material failure and expansion. The location of the delamination defects changes the bending performance of the composites to a great extent. The closer the stratification defects are to the surface of the specimen, the greater the damage, the worse the service capacity of the specimen.

Considering that pitting corrosion is a stochastic process, the purpose of this paper is to use stochastic theory to investigate the growth process of pitting corrosion of metals. Based on the mechanism of pit growth and nonequilibrium statistical theory, the time evolution equations of pit depth and corrosion rate are obtained, and the probability density function can be derived by solving Fock-Plank Equation. Subsequently, the failure probability or reliability of metals is calculated based on the weakest link model of pitting corrosion. Finally, the stochastic model is used on the aircraft aluminum alloy LD2. Furthermore, this methodology can be applied to analyze the reliability and predict the pitting life of metals.

Interlocking clay block is of widespread use in many countries due to its less labor-intensive design. The block comprises of considerable amount of pore structures; therefore water can easily penetrate into it causing deterioration by natural weathering as well as the growth of microbes on its surface. In this present work, a transparent, superhydrophobic coating was applied onto the block's surface to prevent water absorption. The coating which is a poly(methyl hydrogensiloxane) base containing fumed SiO₂ nanoparticle was designed to possess surface topographic feature similar to that of the lotus leaf. After coating the block with the superhydrophobic compound, its water absorption decreased from 11.5 to 4.8% and porosity substantially decreased from 22.5 to 9.2%, while bulk and apparent densities did not change. Accelerated weathering test revealed that the coating had good stability. The coated samples exhibited growth inhibition of algae.

Due to economic and environmental advantages pre-treatment containers have good big development prospects, which can avoid shot blasting processes, and decrease the noise and dust pollution. By analyzing requirements of the container steel surface quality, target oxide scale structure of free pretreatment container steel has been determined. Trial process was carried out, and test results showed that the oxide scale achieved the desired objects, oxide scale with outer thin Fe₃O₄ layer and inner eutectoid α-Fe+Fe₃O₄. Salt spray test, second adhesion test, and modeling performance basically corroborated the container feasibility.

Cassegrain telescopes are widely used as optical antenna in satellite laser communication terminals, which are assembled outside the satellite when operating in orbit. The thermal environment in space will result in temperature variation and thermal deformation of the telescopes. Then tracking-pointing performance and communication performance will be affected consequently. So, thermal control design of telescope must be taken to make the temperature distribution vary in a certain range, which is permitted to assure the performance and stability of optics. For laser communication terminals in satellite of geosychronous Earth orbit, the effects on figure error of telescope due to three kinds of heating type of thermal control system are analyzed in this paper. It is shown that radial heating type brings the smallest figure error to telescope, followed by circumferentially-equal-area heating type. circumferentially-equal-radius heating type brings the biggest error of all. The result of this paper will bring certain reference to the thermal control design of telescopes in laser communication terminals on satellites in orbit.

This paper focuses on the study of the relationship between the fracture strength of basalt rovings and temperature. Strong stretching performance of the rovings has been tested after the treatment at fixed temperatures but different heating time and then the fracture strength of the rovings exposed to the heating at different temperatures and cooled in different modes investigated. Finally, the fracture strength of the basalt material after the heat treatment was studied. The results showed that the room-temperature strength tends to decrease with an increase of the heat treatment time at 250 °C, but it has the local maximum after 2h heating. And the basalt rovings strength increased after the heat treatment up to 200 °C. It was 16.7 percent higher than the original strength. The strength depends not only on the temperature and duration of the heating, but also on the cooling mode. The value of the strength measured after cold water cooling was less by 6.3% compared with an ambient air cooling mode. The room-temperature breaking strength of the rovings heated at 200 °C and 100 °C for 2 hours each increased by about 14.6% with respect to unpretreated basalt rovings.

The relationship between the microstructure of the continuous casting slab (CCS) and quality defects of the steel products, as well as evolution and characteristics of the fine equiaxed, columnar, equiaxed zones and crossed dendrites of CCS were systematically investigated in this study. Different microstructures of various CCS samples were revealed. The dendrite etching method was proved to be quite efficient for the analysis of solidified morphologies, which are essential to estimate the material characteristics, especially the CCS microstructure defects.

For the forging process of the swash plate, the author designed a kind of multi-index orthogonal experiment. Based on the Archard wear model, the influences of billet temperature, die temperature, forming speed, top die hardness and friction coefficient on forming load and die wear were numerically simulated by DEFORM software. Through the analysis of experimental results, the best forging process parameters were optimized and determined, which could effectively reduce the die wear and prolong the die service life. It is significant to increase the practical production of enterprise, especially to reduce the production cost and to promote enterprise profit.

For coal-fired power plants, the application of blended coal combustion has been a great issue due to the shortage and rising prices of high-rank coal. This paper describes the optimization of blending methods between Xing'an lignite coal, Shaltala lignite coal, Ura lignite coal, and Inner Mongolia bituminous coal. The multi-objective decision-making method based on fuzzy mathematics was used to determine the optimal blending ratio to improve the power plant coal-fired economy.

In this paper, the supercritical boiler thermodynamic calculation model is studied. Three types of heat exchangers are proposed, namely furnace (total radiation type), semi-radiation and convection, and discussed. Two cases were simulated - mixing of two bituminous coals and mixing of a bituminous coal and lignite- order to analyze the performance on the flue gas side. The study shows that the influence of flue air leakage and gas distribution coefficient on the system.

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of spot weld were studied, the hardness of nugget and heat affected zone (HAZ) were also tested by metallographic microscope and microhardness tester. The strength of the spot weld with the different parts' area has been characterized. According to the experiments result, CAE model of spot weld with HAZ structure was established, and simulation results of different lap-shear CAE models were analyzed. The results show that the spot weld model which contained the HAZ has good performance and more suitable for engineering application in spot weld simulation.

It is common to use a jarring tool to unfreeze stuck downhole string. However, in a horizontal well, influenced by the friction caused by the deviated section, jarring effect is poor; on the other hand, the forcing point can be located in the horizontal section by a hydraulic booster and the friction can be reduced, but it is time-consuming and easy to break downhole string using a large-tonnage and constant pull force. A hydraulic booster - jar tool string has been developed for unfreezing operation in horizontal wells. The technical solution involves three elements: a two-stage parallel spring cylinder structure for increasing the energy storage capacity of spring accelerators; multiple groups of spring accelerators connected in series to increase the working stroke; a hydraulic booster intensifying jarring force. The integrated unfreezing tool string based on these three elements can effectively overcome the friction caused by a deviated borehole, and thus unfreeze a stuck string with the interaction of the hydraulic booster and the mechanical jar which form an alternatively dynamic load. Experimental results show that the jarring performance parameters of the hydraulic booster-jar unfreezing tool string for the horizontal wells are in accordance with original design requirements. Then field technical parameters were developed based on numerical simulation and experimental data. Field application shows that the hydraulic booster-jar unfreezing tool string is effective to free stuck downhole tools in a horizontal well, and it reduces hook load by 80% and lessens the requirement of workover equipment. This provides a new technology to unfreeze stuck downhole string in a horizontal well.

Solubilities of three hydroxy dibasic (adipic, suberic, and sebacic) acids in alkanolamine solutions were measured within the 30-90℃ temperature range. It is found that solubility of these acids sharply grows with temperature and concentration of alkanolamine solvent. In addition, the study substantiates the adjustment of pH to optimize the CO₂ absorption and desorption processes. The precipitation of added acids from alkanolamine solvents by cooling is found to be quite problematic, which makes the recovery of residual acids from lean alkanolamine solvents non-feasible and requires the application of alternative methods.

The austenite-ferrite transformation temperatures evaluated by dilatometry using thermo-mechanical simulator Gleeble 1500D are investigated in this paper. The effect of cooling rates 1, 5, 10 and 15°C/s on the upper and lower critical transformation temperatures was evaluated for 30 specimens of six material groups. Considering the cooling rate from dilatometry tests and chemical composition (C ≤ 0.2%, Mn ≤ 2%, Si ≤ 0.26%) of particular specimens, the regression equations for both transformation temperatures were derived. These relations have to be satisfied to avoid the crack formation during continuous casting, as well as to provide the hot rolling control. The proposed regression equations are compared with 32 similar ones adopted from 1961 to 2017 and exhibit a good conformity and accuracy.

The cutting process of pre-mixed abrasive slurry or suspension jet (ASJ) is a complex process affected by many factors, and there is a highly nonlinear relationship between the cutting parameters and cutting quality. In this paper, guided by fuzzy theory, the fuzzy cutting model of ASJ was developed. In the modeling of surface roughness, the upper surface roughness prediction model and the lower surface roughness prediction model were established respectively. The adaptive fuzzy inference system combines the learning mechanism of neural networks and the linguistic reasoning ability of the fuzzy system, membership functions, and fuzzy rules are obtained by adaptive adjustment. Therefore, the modeling process is fast and effective. In this paper, the ANFIS module of MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox was used to establish the fuzzy cutting model of ASJ, which is found to be quite instrumental to ASJ cutting applications.

With the advantages of a low system working pressure, good jet convergence and high cutting quality, abrasive slurry jet (ASJ) has broad application prospects in material cutting and equipment cleaning. Considering that the generator plays a crucial role in ASJ system, the paper designed a new type ASJ generator using an electric oil pump, a separate plunger cylinder, and a spring energized seal. According to the determining of structure shape, size and seal type, a new ASJ generator has been manufactured out and tested by a series of experiments. The new generator separates the abrasive slurry from the dynamic hydraulic oil, which can improve the service life of the ASJ system. And the new ASJ system can reach 40 MPa and has good performance in jet convergence, which deserves to popularization and application in materials machining.

In this paper, based on the background of snowmelt de-icing tools, we studied the effect of salt on freezing point and melting rate of ice through laboratory test and FLUENT numerical simulation analysis. It was confirmed that the freezing point is inversely proportional to the salt solid content, and with the salt solid content increasing, the freezing process of salt water gradually accepts the curing rule of non-crystal solids. At the same temperature, an increase in the salt solid content, the ice melting rate increase by the empirical formula linking the melting time with temperature and salt content. The theoretical aspects of solid/fluid transformation are discussed in detail.

Two kinds of defect structures of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic-photonic crystal (MPCs) are envisaged to realize circulators in millimeter wave band. The band gaps of the two kinds of photonic crystals are calculated by the plane wave expansion method. The function of the circulator is simulated by finite element method. The calculated excellent external characteristics of the circulator show that MPCs is a promising way for generating an optical circulator.

Durability of reinforced cement concrete structures is mainly affected by corrosion of steel reinforcements. In order to protect the reinforcing bars from corrosion and to enhance the lifetime of reinforced cement concrete structural members, anticorrosive treatment to steel is of prime importance. Conventional coatings are solvent based. In this study, water based Latex was used to formulate anticorrosive coating. Latex is applied to steel specimen substrates such as plates and rods and their mechanical properties such as flexibility, abrasion, bendability, adhesive strength, impact resistance, etc. were studied. It was inferred that coating containing latex, micro silica, zinc phosphate, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and silica fume was found to possess more corrosion resistance under marine exposure conditions.

A simple locally-sintered process for realizing rear point contacts of the Passivated emitter and rear cells, of which rear surface is passivated by Al₂O₃/SiN_x double layers, is demonstrated in this paper. As compared to conventional cells passivated by aluminium back surface field, the cells show higher open circuit voltage and short circuit current. The sintering effect on the final passivation quality of stacks Al₂O₃/SiN_x during the sintering process is investigated and discussed in detail.

Alcohol has great potential to delay the coagulation of cement. The effects of alcohol on paste fluidity and normal consistency coagulation time have been studied for polycarboxylate superplasticizer and naphthene cement admixture. Seven alcohols were combined with polycarboxylate superplasticizer and naphthene at a concentration of 0.01-0.09%, respectively, including n-propanol, methanol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, ethanol, and mannitol. The fluidity and normal consistency coagulation time of each cement admixture were measured. The performance of both polycarboxylate superplasticizer and naphthene cement admixtures were compared to develop cement admixture with delayed coagulation.