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XIX International Scientific Symposium in honor of Academician M.A. Usov ''Problems of Geology and Subsurface Development'' (for students and young scientists) was organized under the guidance of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research within the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (NR TPU). TPU is one of the oldest technical higher education institutions in Russia, training specialists in the domain of geoscience and enhancing their further research in this area. The Institute of Natural Resources, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (INR TPU) was chosen to hold the International Scientific Symposium. In 2015 the Institute of Natural Resources celebrated its 114th anniversary. It was founded by V.A. Obruchev in 1901, first Siberian geologist, member of USSR Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor, and first Laureate of the Lenin Prize. He was recognized as a prominent scientist in the area of geology all over the world.

INR is the first institute of geological education and geosciences in Asian Russia. Even today the Siberian Mining and Geological School, established by V.A. Obruchev and M.A. Usov, has retained its significance in the discovery, exploration and development of mineral resources not only in Siberia, the Far East and North-East of Russia, but also in Central Asia. There are numerous outstanding scientists and engineers among alumni of The Institute of Natural Resources. The institute is proud of such outstanding people as: M.A. Usov, student and first postgraduate of V.A. Obruchev, first professor and academician in Siberia, whose name is associated with the mining industry in Siberia; Academician K.I. Satpaev, founder and first president of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan; Professor N.N. Urvantsev, discoverer of the unique Norilsk ore deposits in the North of East Siberia and Professor M.K. Korovin, who, in the 30s of the 20th century, considered West Siberia deposits to be prospective in hydrocarbons. There are over 35,000 graduates of the institute, 450 of whom became explorers of mineral deposits including one Nobel laureate, 50 laureates of Lenin and State Prizes, more than 250 doctors (DSc) and 1600 associate professors (PhD), 15 academicians and corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences and five Heroes of Socialist Labor.

Within the framework of the XIX International Scientific Symposium, there were 21 panels and workshops in four days. The Symposium was unique in the fact that it embraced all scientific fields of geology and subsurface development, including mineral and hydrocarbon prospecting and exploration methods, space geological research and geoinformation systems, as well as ecological problems of the planet and humanity, rational utilization of mineral resources, land management, natural resource law and economics. Another important issue was technology application in mineral resource exploitation.

The participants were students, post graduates, Master degree students and young scientists from Russia, foreign and CIS countries. The research issues presented at the Symposium highlighted the latest achievements via modern technology and comprehensive interpretation methods; revealed the experimental research results and computer technology in geology and geoecology; provided the analysis of theoretical and experimental research on various geological and environmental protection problems.

The reports embraced the vital issues and latest scientific achievements in stratigraphy, paleontology, tectonics, historical and regional geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, petrography, lithology, metallogeny, hydrogeology and engineering geology, geophysics, petroleum geology, oil and gas field development and processing of hydrocarbon and mineral resources, geoinformation systems (GIS) in geology, geospace research, oilfield equipment upgrading; modern technological achievements in mineral exploration, oil and gas production, transportation and storage, drilling, mining engineering, geoecology, hydrogeoecology, environmental protection engineering, rational utilization of mineral resources, land management, mining and natural resources law, and economical problems of mineral resource sectors in Russia and CIS countries. There was a special panel for those who wanted to present reports in English and / or German.

The presented reports were of scientific importance due to the fact that new concepts and original ideas were suggested by the authors. A number of research topics introduced fundamentally new discoveries. There is also a practical aspect: the findings of the young scientists' research, both fundamental and experimental, could result in DSc and PhD theses. Some authors were granted patents and licenses for their significant discoveries.

Within the framework of the XIX International Scientific Symposium, 1020 reports were presented (including poster presentations), including 262 non-residents from other cities and 52 from foreign countries (22- non-CIS countries and 30-CIS countries, correspondingly).

All in all, 1250 students and young scientists from Russia, CIS countries and foreign countries (52 to be exact) participated in this Symposium. More than 262 submission applications were sent from other cities.

The number of participants was diverse and numerous: non-CIS countries (12 cities), 22 from 16 universities, R&D organizations; CIS countries (15 cities)- 30 from 30 universities, R&D organizations; Russia (48 cities) - 968, including 210 non-residents from 78 universities, R&D organizations; and Tomsk 758 of which 710 were from TPU. It should be mentioned that 54 participants presented their reports in English and German.

Within the 21 different panels and RT 810 reports were presented (including 690 from TPU) of 1020 submitted reports, as well as 210 poster presentations. Nonresidents actively participated in the Symposium - 110 reports.

The status of the participants was: students -694, post-graduates- 190, researchers - 80, engineers - 32, young teachers- 20, and 4 school-students.

The representatives of different organizations were as follows: higher education institutions - 954, Russian Academy of Science - 24, National Academy of Science -7, R&D Institutes - 20, industrial enterprises -11 and schools -4.

Of the 810 presented reports (690 -TPU) there were: 646 students and master degree students (including 608 from TPU), 160 post-graduates and young researchers (including 82 from TPU) and 4 school students. During the 4-day Symposium more than 1900 people attended 21 different panels.

Twelve non-CIS countries presented 22 reports: Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Mexico, France, China, Italy, Vietnam, Mongolia, New Zealand and Nigeria.

Seven CIS countries presented 30 reports: National Academies of Sciences and Universities of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Armenia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

Russian participants came from various areas of the country: in the east from Sakhalin, Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Vladivostok, Blagoveshchensk, Krasnoyarsk, Chita, Irkutsk to Barnaul, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, and etc.; in the north from Mirny, Yakutsk, Neryungri, Magadan, Nizhnevartovsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, Nefteugansk to Tyumen, Ulan-Ude, Syktyvkar, and etc.; in the west from Minsk, Kiev, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg to Samara, Kazan, Ufa, Perm, Novosibirsk;in the south from the cities of the Central Asian republics to Ivano-Frankovsk, Odessa, Novocherkassk, Simferopol, Novorossiysk, Vladikavkaz, Voronezh, Stavropol, Astrakhan, and etc. A great number of young people from Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia took an active part in the Symposium. CIS countries were presented by participants from Uzbekistan (Tashkent), Tajikistan (Dushanbe), Azerbaijan (Baku), Kazakhstan (Almaty, Semipalatinsk, Karaganda, Pavlodar), Belarus (Minsk, Gomel), Armenia (Yerevan, Gyumri), Ukraine (Kiev, Odessa, Ivano-Frankovsk, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, etc.), Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek), Moldova (Chisinau). The students and young scientists from Tomsk representing Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk State University, the Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics (SB RAS) and other organizations and institutions took an active part in the symposium.

The research results of the Symposium can be found in a two-volume edition which is available at http://portal.tpu.ru/science/konf/usovma/eng and /or www.usovma.tpu.ru

The Editorial Boards of this Symposium and IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science consider that the articles would be of great interest for university researchers and young scientists, research and academic institutes, academies of sciences and their branches, engineering and technical staff of ministries and government departments - for those who explore and develop the Earth subsurface.

Many people have contributed in a variety of ways in the preparation of this edition. We would like to thank the administration of the Institute of Physics and Professor P.S. Chubik, Rector of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The mapping of the hydrothermal alterations in Urjahskoe and Fedorov-Kedrov gold-ore fields was conducted by applying channel relationship method (band ratio) based on ASTER spectral-zonal satellite image data. It was determined that the calculated mineral indices in ore-bearing structures are zonal. Outer ore-bearing structures revealed increased ferric mineral index values, while inner - high epidote- chlorite- calcite and muscovite- siderite mineral index values. Detected regularities could be used in identifying potential gold-ore bearing areas within identical fields based on remote sensing survey data.

The article describes the results of petrographic, petrochemical, petrofabric, mineralogical and geochemical studies of the major rock groups potentially Cu, Ni, Pt ore- bearing mafic-ultramafic massifs in the Nizhne- Derbinsk complex (Eastern Sayan Mountains). Based on the data interpretation the investigated massifs can be classified as peridotite- pyroxenite-gabbronorite formation of geosynclinal regime in Altai-Sayan folding area. Significant massif deformation occurred during the final post-consolidation formation stage. The petrographic features of gabbro and petrofabric patterns of the rock-forming minerals in the Burlakski and Nizhne-Derbinsk massifs indicated the fact that massifs were involved in the accretion-collisional development stage of the Central Asian folding belt during the final formation stages the Nizhne-Derbinsk complex.

Unique data of the mineralogical and petrochemical zoning of near- veined metasomatic aureole of mesothermal Zun-Holba gold deposit are presented and discussed. It was established that mineralogical and petrochemical zoning order is based on Korzhinsky theory describing the differential component mobility. However, the internal polymineral zone structure of metasomatic column in Zun-Holba deposit does not comply with Korzhinsky concept describing the mono-mineral composition of axial (ore-bearing quartz veins) and binary-mineral rear (quartz-sericite) zones. Mineral zoning complication is governed by component diffusion (from fractured fluid to pores) and pulsation mode of metalliferous fluid input into the mineralization area.

The processes of the second mineral formation (kaolinite, carbonates and micas) were identified during the post-sedimentation transformation studies in oil\gas deposits. Besides, quartz regeneration, solid product destructive formation processes and hydrocarbon oxidation processes were -determined. Correlation analysis of the mineralogy and petrophysics data revealed the post-sedimentation influence factors on the reservoir properties of deposits. It should be noted that the second kaolinite composition increase results in water saturation and density decrease, porosity and, especially, permeability increase. Quartz regeneration and second mica formation deteriorate the reservoir properties or poorly influence them. The hydrocarbon decay and oxidation products, as well as secondary carbonate seal the void space, replace the soluble rock debris and sharply deteriorate the reservoir properties of oil andgas deposits.

The paper describes the results of the characteristic structure features of oil-bearing rocks via paleomagnetic oriented cores. Volume core model is plotted on the basis of circular panoramic images. In applying scanned panoramic core it is possible to determine the azimuth of terrigenous material transportation and its course and to describe its sedimentation environment in details.

The distribution of mineral associations in near-veined zonal propylite-beresite metasomatic columns of mesothermal Bericul gold-ore deposit was analyzed. However, the polymineral composition in the inner (axial and adjacent with it rear) zones is inconsistent to the existing metasomatic column theoretical model. According to Korzhinskii metasomatic zoning theory, implied monomineral (quartz) and binary-mineral (quartz, sericite) compositions are characteristic of axial and rear zones, respectively. In common with above- mentioned facts, the zoning formation of differential component mobility is influenced by two additional factors: counter diffusion of components from fractured fluids into pores and diffusion mechanism of mass transfer it's from pores fluids into fractured of rock-fluid systems.

The investigated crystal morphology and thermal EMF of pyrites in the western flank of Sukholozsky ore field showed that the pyrite crystals have cubic habitus with a weakly-developed face {210}. The crystal faces {100} and {210} are covered with multiple irregular-oriented growth laminae. It has been determined that pyrites have such a property as p-type conduction and embrace insignificant thermal EMF variations. The results of the research indicated the fact of upper ore zone erosion in the western flank of Sukholozhsky ore field and its area potential at depth.

The article describes the data in exploration and local forecast of gold-ore deposits based on typomorphic pyrite properties. The pyrite properties: crystal shape, impurity-elements and thermal EMF change in relation to the deposit formation conditions are consistent with the mineralogical and geochemical zoning of ore bodies and deposits. In this case, it is possible to evaluate the ore zone erosion, prospectivity and productivity of the ore bodies at depth and flanks. Mineralogical sampling on pyrite and gold should be conducted on the basis of other methods during exploration and mining.

Bathonian-Callovian-Oxfordian sedimentation environment reconstruction in SE Nurolsk depression, Western Siberia has been described. Paleogeographic and litho- geochemical features of sediments, numerous plant remains and ichnofossils indicated the fact that this territory during the Naunaksk suite formation was the transition in-situ sedimentogenesis. Based on the integrated research data, the potential litho-facies were identified in the Mid-Upper sediments within Nurolsk depression, Western Siberia.

Based on the results of ore and near-ore metasomatite composition analysis, the factors and indicators of gold-ore mineralization potential were proposed. Integration of the obtained data made it possible to outline magmatic, structural, and lithological factors, as well as direct and indirect indicators of gold-ore mineralization. Applying multidimensional analysis inherent to geochemical data, the spatial structure was investigated, as well as the potential mineralization was identified. Based on the developed and newly-identified mineralization, small (up to medium-sized) mineable gold-ore deposits in skarns characterized by complex geological setting was identified.

The basic attributes identifying the clay rock composition in the terrigenous complex of the southeastern part of the West-Siberian platform have been determined, based on the correlation of structural composition and geophysical data, including induced potential logging, apparent resistivity, induction logging, radioactive and caliper logging. According to the obtained results it is possible to identify above-mentioned rocks in well logs, even under conditions of limited core samples, their application in well log correlation and back stripping. Key words: geophysical well logging, the West-Siberian oil and gas bearing province, terrigenous complex, clay rocks, back stripping.

The research involves investigation of the influence of hydrochloric acid (HCI-12%) and mud acid (mixture: HCl - 10% and HF - 3%) treatment on the Upper-Jurassic reservoir properties in Kazan oil-gas condensate field wells. The sample collection included three lots of core cylinders from one and the same depth (all in all 42). Two lots of core cylinders were distributed as following: first lot - reservoir properties were determined, and, then thin sections were cut off from cylinder faces; second lot- core cylinders were exposed to hydrochloric acid treatment, then, after flushing the reservoir properties were determined, and thin sections were prepared. Based on the quantitative petrographic rock analysis, involvin 42 thin sections, the following factors were determined: granulometric mineral composition, cement content, intergranular contacts and pore space structure. According to the comparative analysis of initial samples, the following was determined: content decrease of feldspar, clay and mica fragments, mica, clay and carbonate cement; increase of pore spaces while in the investigated samples- on exposure of rocks to acids effective porosity and permeability value range is ambiguous.

Well logging results are one of the ways to study the buried terrigenous rocks genesis. To ensure the most objective characterization of the rock and identification of electrofacies it is necessary to use a complex geological and geophysical survey. The comprehensive investigations of environmental conditions based on well logging have been performed for the horizon JK₂ of Tumenskoe formation in Em-Egovskoe area, Krasnoleninskoe field (Western Siberia). The defined electrofacies were compared with the results of earlier conducted granulometric and mineralogical analyses. The totality of research provided for a conclusion that the investigated sediments of horizon JK₂ had been formed within the destructive tidal delta. Thus, objective facies prediction can only be ensured by analyzing core and well logging data comprehensively.

The specific sediment features in Georgiev (J₃kmgr), Bazhenov (J₃vbg) and Kulomzin (K₁bkl) suites, exposed by drilling in the S-E Nurolsk depression (Tomsk Oblast), were defined and described via petrographic, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence-microscopy analysis methods. The classification of agrillites was identified, the structure-texture features, composition, voids and bitumen types and their distribution were determined. It was defined that Bazhenov suite argillites are characteristic of fine-dispersion, high biogenic silica content and scattered organic matter, enriched multi-composite syngenetic bitumen (from light to resin- asphaltine), as well as fractured surface where the migration of light bitumen occurs.

This paper describes an overview of mineral resources exploration survey by geothermal method based on the studies of terrestrial heat flow, anomalies varying in strike, in depth, physical behavior and in time. Applying geothermometry in oil-gas deposit exploration, based on paleotemperature modeling of sedimentation sequences was illustrated.

The complex structure of the Lower-Cretaceous formation by the example of the reservoir BC₁₀¹ in Western Ust - Balykh Oil Field (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District) has been studied. Reservoir range relationships have been identified. 3D geologic- mathematical modeling technique considering the heterogeneity and variability of a natural reservoir structure has been suggested. To improve the deposit geological structure integrity methods of mathematical statistics were applied, which, in its turn, made it possible to obtain equal probability models with similar input data and to consider the formation conditions of reservoir rocks and cap rocks.

The article describes the geologic structure of the formation located not far from Strezhevoy Tomsk Oblast. The formation has been poorly studied by seismic methods. The reserves categories C₁ and C₂ as well as hydrocarbon potential are presented. 4 exploratory and 39 production wells are designed to be drilled depending on geologic knowledge and formation conditions. The article deals with the investment plan including development, oil export expenditures and implementing cost calculation.

Based on micro-macroscopic core analysis, geophysical field data, contour mapping and referencing detailed litho-facies and paleotectonic investigation of Upper Jurassic pay thickness in North Kalinov gas condensate field was conducted. Paleotectonic analysis reflected the structure development history and determined the formation and distribution of oil fields.

Conducted geological and production researches were reviewed and methods in determining excessive fracturing for mapping and geological model of the pre-Jurassic complex traps were proposed. The volume of fractured rocks in the calculation of reserves was taken into account The work on mapping of oil and gas bearing potential of the pre-Jurassic complex on the territory of research was performed.

The article considers the methods of associated gas purification from liquid particles. The sintering of liquid particles occurs during the separation process and the trapped droplets can be removed as a liquid stream, i.e. there is no need for unloading units. The droplet size depends on the energy input during their fragmentation. The efficiency of drops separation depends on the flow rate and the intensification of droplets coalescence, film formation and liquid flow to the receiver. The dispersion of the liquid particles is the main drawback of the existing purification methods, i.e. lack of sustainability of particle separation. The comparison of the separation system methods and the devices with flow control elements is carried out. The estimation of gas purification efficiency is conducted. It is concluded that the efficiency of associated gas purification gives the possibility to use it in turbine generators, heating furnaces, etc. It significantly reduces the proportion of gas being flared.

The sustainable development of the Russian Arctic zone is characterized by unique hydrocarbon and mineral resource potential and the key spheres of regional development are negatively affected by various risks. The present article addresses the issue concerning a longterm development strategy for the Arctic region growth, which is beyond the existing traditional approach. It examines a complex range of environmental, social, political, and industrial problems caused by the increasing industrial activities. The negative impact of the revealed risks has been specified. The model of the Russian Arctic zone sustainable development has been proposed.

Under the growth of the geopolitical tension a political, economic and symbolic meanings of the Russian presence in the Arctic region take on special significance. The theme of an innovation development of the Arctic and its symbolic sense for the citizens of our country are actual for the modern political discourse. The considerable scientific and technical reserve accumulated during the Soviet period and representation of the Arctic as a major symbolic resource for Russian people that helps to determine the sense of patriotism and the pride for the country can promote the growth of the authority of Russia in the region. The development of the Arctic is being conducted in two ways: expansion of the extraction of hydrocarbons and strengthening of a military and political presence. The Russian consolidation in the Arctic can potentially increase the state status in the international community. However, in order to pretend to the strong positions in the region it is absolutely necessary to answer to the arctic technological challenge by the innovative technologies and decisions.

Based on paleotemperature modeling, the evaluation of the effect of Neo-Pleistocene permafrost rock thickness on geothermal regime of the Bazhenov deposits has been performed. It has been stated that permafrost about 300 m in thickness must be considered for appropriate reconstruction of geothermal history of source rocks in the south-east areas of West Siberia. This condition is relevant to a consistent consideration of oil-generation phase history and can prevent underestimation (to 25%) of hydrocarbon-in-place resources.

This paper is devoted to the current problem in petroleum geology and geophysics- prediction of facies sediments for further evaluation of productive layers. Applying the acoustic method and the characterizing sedimentary structure for each coastal-marine-delta type was determined. The summary of sedimentary structure characteristics and reservoir properties (porosity and permeability) of typical facies were described. Logging models SP, EL and GR (configuration, curve range) in interpreting geophysical data for each litho-facies were identified. According to geophysical characteristics these sediments can be classified as coastal-marine-delta. Prediction models for potential Jurassic oil-gas bearing complexes (horizon J₁¹) in one S-E Western Siberian deposit were conducted. Comparing forecasting to actual testing data of layer J₁¹ showed that the prediction is about 85%.

Log interpretation has revealed a number of factors that have a significant impact on the determination of reservoir fluid content (oil saturation factor). The presented research paper is focused on the analysis of petrophysical properties of reservoir fluids considering laboratory studies of core samples. Based on core sample analysis, data of laboratory studies have been correlated to estimates of radioactive logging and high-frequency induction logging. To determine the oil saturation factor a method which considers the effect of mixed clay on reservoir fluid saturation has been proposed.

The research embraces the investigation results of glauconites in Bakchar iron ore occurrences to evaluate the potential diversified commercial application of this mineral. The following lab methods were used to analyze the morphology, chemical composition and structure of glauconites: granulometric analysis, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, atomic arc-emission analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Glauconite was classified according to morphology and grain color and chemical composition and some specific characteristics were also determined (relative content of absorbed water, random distribution of smectite flakes within the grain structures). The research results showed that pistacho-green glauconite grains are less subjected to alteration than greenish-yellow grains due to the content of potassium, iron, absorbed water and organic impurities.

The article considers the effect of porous media on elastic wave field. Based on numerical modeling, diffraction pattern of the wave propagating through a single pore in carbonates has been produced. Matrix properties (calcite and dolomite) and fluid (water) are modeled based on thin core section image. The qualitative comparison with the available computational data has been performed. Provided that ensemble of pores is involved, the effect of porous medium on seismic field has been studied. For comparison with experimental data the model of porous sintered aluminum Al-6061 has been considered. The processing of numerical modeling results made it possible to estimate average velocities in the model of porous aluminum and compare them with physical modeling data. The provided estimates have indicated qualitative (single pore) and quantitative (ensemble of pores) correlation of simulation and experiment results.

The paper considers magnetic susceptibility (χ) and electrode potentials (EP) of rocks in the Chertovo Koryto deposit. Carbon-bearing substance is found in all the studied samples, but in some cases, this substance supplies EP (−150 ÷ −400 mV). In these samples χ rarely exceeds 40·10^-5 SI units, while, in other samples χ is 8-10 (up to 30) times higher. Less intensive EP (-20 ÷ -240 mV) is furnished due to the sulfides in this deposit. Rocks with polarized carbon-bearing substance do not contain magnetic pyrrhotine and are negative linear EP anomalies. Rocks in which carbon-bearing substance is associated with pyrrhotine are revealed as magnetic anomalies. The adjacent rocks determine petrophysical zoning of the Chertovo Koryto deposit. The combination of negative linear EP anomalies and magnetic anomalies is a potential indicator and can define the multi-stage formation of the deposit itself.

The objective of the paper is to characterize the chemical composition of groundwater samples from the monitoring wells drilled in the petrol station areas within the vicinity of Tomsk. The level of contamination has increased since many macro - and microcomponent concentrations (such as petroleum products, chlorine, sulphates, carbon dioxide and lead, etc.) in groundwater samples of the present study is higher than that in previous period samples.

The article deals with the characteristic of initial condition in fine-grained soils - its structural strength - p_str. Estimation and measurement of this factor at soil testing are of primary importance for defining its physical and mechanical properties as well as for subsequent calculation of foundation settlements that is insufficiently covered in Code of practice, national standard and inefficiently applicable in practice of engineering geological investigations. The article reveals the relationship between soil physical property, its occurrence depth, which will make possible to forecast p_str over the given territory.

The hydro-geological conditions of Tomsk are determined by both natural factors and the impact of the urban infrastructure. Important impact on subsurface water flows involves the complex hydraulic relationship of several geological layers and the ancient and modern relief. Increasing groundwater abstraction has generally led to lowered piezometric heads in the deeper aquifer horizons, while in the uppermost horizons, rises in the water table and formation of new perched water tables are experienced due to leaking pipes and impedance of groundwater flow by deep foundations. In this paper special attention is paid to the Quaternary aquifer complex. Barrage effects of pile foundations and the intensive development of perched water distributed on flat surfaces of the watersheds and high terraces, complicated conditions for the construction and operation of facilities, leading in some cases to emergency situations.

The paper represents the description of the zonal and regional geological factors of geoengineering conditions which characterize the territory in South Yakutia crossed by the designed main gas pipeline. Cryogenic processes and karst are considered to be the most dangerous hazards for gas pipeline maintenance. Karst hazard assessment of the gas pipeline section made in the course of the research has involved a complex of geological methods: geoengineering, geophysical, hydrogeological, and mapping. Sections prone to karst development have been identified. The authors have suggested the measures to protect potentially hazardous sections and to ensure timely informing on sinkhole collapses.

The objective of this paper is to consider the ways of monitoring and protecting the pipeline «The Power of Siberian from karst hazards. The method of protection with bored piles has been recommended and the forecasting methods have been overviewed. Thus, ground penetrating radar allows discovering a soil cavity when the overburden layer is not very deep and predicting sinkhole collapse when used in combination with a balance arch model. Monitoring of triggering factors is widely used to forecast karst collapse when the opening is caused by pumping as the data on dynamic groundwater conditions can be obtained in realtime. However, the suggested protection method is expensive and some forecasts might be difficult to make. The authors have suggested the ways to improve the current situation and to reduce the damage caused by karst collapse.

The natural spa area "Choygan mineral waters", a unique deposit of natural carbon dioxide mineral waters in Siberia, is located in the Eastern Sayan Mountains. There are 33 spring discharges in this area. Spring waters are mainly of HCO₃-Na-Ca type. TDS varies from 300 mg/L to 2600 mg/L, the temperature ranges from 7 °C (in spring 33) to 39 °C (in spring 12), pH varies from 5.9 to 8.3, and the value of the oxidation-reduction potential is from -170 mV to 236 mV. All studied waters were divided into two groups according to their temperature and geochemical conditions: cold fresh water in oxidizing environment and warm slightly brackish water in reducing environment. The uranium concentration varies from 0.7 to 14 μg/l and the thorium concentration varies from 0.001 to 0.33 μg/l in the studied waters. The predominant uranium complexes are (UO₂(CO₃)₃)^4-, (UO₂(CO₃)₂)^2-, UO₂CO₃, (UO₂(PO₄)₂)^4- in the waters in oxidizing and reducing environments. It was found that acid-alkaline and oxidizing-reducing conditions were the determining factors for uranium behavior and speciation in the studied waters. The pH conditions are determining factors for thorium behavior and speciation in the studied waters. In slightly acidic water the predominant thorium species is negatively charge complex (ThCO₃(OH)₃)^- (more than 95%).

Chemical and microbiological composition of the Mid-Ob' and its feeders' waters has been studied. Swampiness of the area is the cause of significant organic and biogenic substance content in streams, and it is also responsible for a large variety of organotrophic microflora. Microbiological composition of studied streams characterizes them as contaminated. Settlements are the main sources of the investigated area water pollution.

The paper studies the individual composition of n-alkanes, polycycloaromatic hydrocarbons, steroids, bi-, tri-, and pentacyclic terpenoids of two peat deposits of rich fen Kirek located in Western Siberia. Considering the individual n-alkanes concentrations, some indexes were calculated to estimate the humidity during peat formation. It was shown that the pH of peat medium primarily affects steroids, tri- and pentacyclic terpenoids transformations.

The research of trace element behaviour and size fractionation is significant to understand the processes in the water-rock system. Moreover, the aqueous speciation of trace elements is strongly related to their distribution and toxicity. In this research, trace elements behaviour and their size fractionation are investigated in the natural water (the surface water and shallow groundwater) of the Ganjiang River and Xiushui River basins. Trace element concentrations were measured by ICP-MS. The authors estimated the size fractionation of the trace elements between suspended forms (>0.45μm) and dissolved fractions, which included truly dissolved (1 kDa) and colloidal particles (0.45μm-1 kDa)), after filtration through a 0.45 μm acetate cellulose membrane filter. The distinct features of the trace element size fractionation were identified. The size fractionation of the trace elements under different conditions (in the surface water and shallow groundwater) was studied.

The calculation modeling results of the nitric hydrotherms saturation in Baikal Rift Zone with calcite and dolomite are presented. The calcite and dolomite make the carbonate barrier to thermal waters equilibrium with primary minerals of igneous rocks. In the research territory, there are three main types of geochemical thermal waters which are characterized by the saturation degree with the calcite and dolomite and the proportion of precipitating minerals phases. It has been established that nitric thermal waters-rock system has equilibrium with these minerals, which leads to bonding migrated from the rocks calcium and magnesium by the secondary formed minerals - calcite and dolomite.

Cadastral appraisal of forest fund is one of the topical challenges of modern natural resource management. The paper delivers comparison of different approaches to cadastral appraisal of forest lands. The authors suggest a uniformed model to compare objectively and choose the most effective use of parcels.

The article studies and compares agricultural land management performance criteria applied in different countries worldwide. It is stated that there are different definitions and classifications of agricultural lands in different countries, which implies different indicators of land use efficiency. Sometimes these indicators cannot be correlated or compared with each other. It is suggested using such criteria as arable land area and fodder yield per 1 ha as the most unified and appropriate ones.

The geochemical features of river perch in the River Ob basin have been studied (the upper and middle reaches of the Ob River and the lower reach of the Tom River). The contents of Ag, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, W, Zn, Hg in perch's soft tissue are defined by the methods of ICP AES and stripping voltammetry, that of mercury in bones - by the atomic absorption method using mercury analyzer PA-915+. The distribution series of metal absolute concentrations in perch's soft tissue from the Ob River basin are plotted: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn, typical for uncontaminated or slightly metal contaminated water bodies. In soft tissue of the studied samples the metal content does not exceed the permissible values. The mercury content in bones of studied samples is in the range 0,036-0,556 mg/kg. The mercury concentration is higher in bones in comparison with soft tissue in all samples.

The article presents the research results on the features of element and mineral composition of salt deposits (limescale) formed in household conditions in heat exchanging equipment. The major part of limescale is represented by two species of calcium carbonate - calcite and aragonite. We have shown that high concentrations of chemical elements in the limescale promote the formation of their own mineral forms (sulphates, silicates, native forms) in salt deposits. Detecting such mineral formations suggests the salt deposits of drinking water to be a long-term storage media which can be used in the course of eco-geochemical and metallogenic studies.

The fluorine contents in snow melt water find in the impact areas of aluminum production plant and coal and gas-fired power plant are compared. In melt water, soluble fluoride is found in the form of fluoride ion, the content of which was determined by the potentiometric method using ion-selective electrode. According to the measurements of 2013-2014, fluoride content in melt water ranges 10.6-15.4 mg/dm³ at the distance 1-3 km from the borders of Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant with the mean value 13.1 mg/dm³. Four-year monitoring from 2012 to 2015 in the impact area of Tomsk coal and gas-fired power plant showed that fluoride content in melt water in vicinity of the thermal power plant is significantly lower than in the samples from the impact area of the aluminum plant. But higher content of fluoride ion (0.2 - 0.3 mg/dm³) in snow samples in vicinity of coal and gas-fired power plant was revealed in winter of 2015. Intake of soluble fluoride is mostly explained by dust-aerosol emissions of study plants and deposition of fluorine compounds from air.

The work is dedicated to investigation of the influence of dispersing additive on the paraffin crystallization in model systems. A new method to determine the paraffin saturation point of transparent solutions based on the phenomenon of light scattering has been proposed. The linear relationship between the values of critical micelle concentrations of the additive and the quantity of paraffin in solution has been obtained. The influence of the model system composition on the paraffin crystallization has been studied.

Galloalumosilicates having ZSM-5 structure are manufactured from the alkali alumina silica gels via the method of hydrothermal crystallization using different organic templating agents. Their physico-chemical and acidic properties are investigated and their catalytic reactivity is determined in the course of propane conversion into aromatic hydrocarbons. The highest catalytic reactivity and stability are exhibited by the Ga-containing zeolite synthesized using hexamethylenediamine as a structure-forming additive.

Hydrotreating of the diesel fraction with the high initial sulfur content of 1,4 mass% is carried out in the flow-through laboratory setup with the industrial GKD-202 catalyst at various process temperature. On the basis of the experimental data the regularities of the hydrogenation reactions are revealed, and the formalized scheme of sulfur-containing components (sulfides, benzothiophenes, and dibenzothiophenes) transformations is made. The mathematical model of hydrotreating process is developed, the constant values for the reaction rate of hydrodesulfurization of the specified components are calculated.

The results of influence of process parameters on oil quality and recommended effective technological modes of oilfield treatment processes are presented in this paper. It is shown that the parameters that significantly affect the efficiency of oil processes are temperature and water-oil emulsion flow rate with a given number of working process units and the structure of flowsheet flows.

Separate and combined electrochemical oxidation of aluminium and nickel has been conducted by alternating current of industrial frequency. Concentration increase of electrolyte solution (sodium chloride) in the range from 3 to 25 wt. % and current density from 0.5 to 1.5 A/cm² was found to result in the increasing metal oxidation rate, excluding aluminium oxidation which oxidation rate is independent of the electrolyte solution concentration. At the current density of 1.5 A/cm² the products of separate oxidation of nickel and aluminium are nickel oxyhydroxides, nickel hydroxides and aluminium oxyhydroxide (boehmite), respectively. In addition to these compounds, the nickel-aluminium oxide hydrate is included in the products of nickel and aluminium co-oxidation. Its content grows with the increasing electrolyte solution concentration. Varying the concentration and current density within the limits indicated, the nickel-aluminium oxide system with nickel oxide content from 3 to 10 wt. % is produced.

The article presents the analysis of disastrous mud loss achieved during casing at Dulisminsk oil and gas condensate field (DOGCF) and comparative evaluation of geological structure of DOGCF and Naryksko-Ostashkinsk area of Kemerovo oblast, where the same problem was solved successfully. On the basis of the analysis, an engineering solution is proposed to prevent mud loss in the conditions of DOGCF.

The paper is concerned with the first stage of the extensive research aimed at developing design-automation system and well drilling process control. The proposed system is going to have some advantages over modern analogues, such as economic analysis at all levels, active engineering staff feedback, precedent-related principle for recommendations, etc. It will essentially reduce the risk of human errors and also optimize the well construction process from design to commissioning. The paper considers the results of the first design stage in a form of flow diagrams.

The paper describes the experimental research of drilling mud influence on engineering parameters of mud motor mechanical rubber components. It is believed to be urgent due to increase in using mud motors in oil and gas well construction now, and, consequently, the issue of increasing their exploitation is becoming current. The development test results of elastomer IRP-1226 dependent on the mud type (alkaline, hydrocarbon or salt- saturated ones) and the temperature are shown in the paper. It is proved that the type of drilling mud and the temperature in bottom-hole zone have an influence on wear of mud motors elastomers.

The increase of efficiency of expendable well-drilling directly depends on the mechanism of rock destruction. The depth of hole coverage should be at the maximum possible value and equal along the whole contact area. The design features of performing rock- destruction tool in rotary drilling prevent the cutters, located on different distance from rotation axis, from working with equal intensity. The application of the shock pulses to a boring tool increases the mechanical drilling speed and sinking per revolution. One of the techniques for the efficiency increase is the application of impactor machines. On the other hand, the high values of mechanical drilling speed require the high values of impact energy which results in high power inputs energy consumption. The use of eccentric impact loading instead of central one can provide the enhancement of rock destruction efficiency, lower the power inputs, and decrease the risk of borehole deviation.

This research describes the application of Kirek Lake sapropel as a drilling fluid in dispersed phase which could replace traditionally used clay powders in drilling fluids. Sapropel is century-old bed silt of freshwater lakes of more than 12 000 years, i.e. Holocene. It consists of natural organic and inorganic substances and chemically is a complex multicomponent biogenic genesis system. Humic complexes and wulfonic acids, polysaccharides, carbonic and protein polymers comprise sapropel suspension texture. This article introduces formulations and laboratory research of sapropel suspensions and thermal activation.

The paper describes pellet impact drilling which might be used to increase the drilling rate and the penetration rate of hard and tough rock drilling. Pellet impact drilling implies rock destruction by metal pellets having high kinetic energy in the immediate vicinity of the earth formation encountered. The pellets are recirculated in the bottom of the bore hole by a high velocity fluid jet, which is the principle component of the ejector pellet impact drill bit. The arresting and supplying apparatus is supposed to increase speed per run in pellet impact drilling, as it not only replenishes the pellets but also supplies and then picks up the pellets from the bottom hole. The paper presents the design of the pellet-supplying component which ensures a portion of pellets supply to the bottom hole.

The relevance of the research is due to the necessity to create pneumatic rock drills with low air consumption. The article analyzes the reasons for low efficiency of percussive machines. The authors state that applying a single distribution body in the percussive mechanism does not allow carrying out a low-energy operating cycle of the mechanism. Using the studied device as an example, it is substantiated that applying a compression valve with two distribution bodies separately operating the working chambers makes it possible to significantly reduce the airflow. The authors describe the construction of a core drill percussive mechanism and the operation of a compression valve. It is shown that in the new percussive mechanism working chambers are cut off the circuit by the time when exhaust windows are opened by the piston and air is not supplied into the cylinder up to 20% of the cycle time. The air flow rate of the new mechanism was 3.8 m³/min. In comparison with the drill PK-75, the overall noise level of the new machine is lower by 8-10 dB, while the percussive mechanism efficiency is 2.3 times higher.

The paper presents the analysis of the behavior of the drill pipe nipple connection under the additional load generated by power pulses. The strain wave propagation through the nipple thread connection of drill pipes to the bottomhole is studied in this paper. The improved design of the nipple thread connection is suggested using the obtained experimental and theoretical data. The suggested connection design allows not only the efficient transmission of strain wave energy to a drill bit but also the automation of making-up and breaking-out drill pipes.

Percussion drilling is the efficient method to drill small holes (≥ 70 mm) in medium- hard and harder rocks. The existing types of drill strings for geological explorations are not intended for strain wave energy transfer. The description of the improved design of the drill string having enclosed-type nipple connections is given in this paper presents. This nipple connection is designed to be used in drilling small exploration wells with formation sampling. Experimental findings prove the effectiveness of the enclosed nipple connection in relation to the load distribution in operation. The paper presents research results of the connection behavior under quasistatic loading (compression-tension). Loop diagrams are constructed and analyzed in force-displacement coordinates. Research results are obtained for shear stresses occurred in the nipple connection. A mechanism of shear stress distribution is described for the wave strain propagation over the connecting element. It is shown that in the course of operation the drill pipe tightening reduces the shear stress three times.

The article explores the issues concerning safety enhancement of pipeline active fault crossing on Sakhalin Island. Based on the complexity and analysis results, all the faults crossed by pipeline system are classified into five categories - from very simple faults to extremely complex ones. The pipeline fault crossing design is developed in accordance with the fault category. To enhance pipeline safety at fault crossing, a set of methods should be applied: use of pipes of different safety classes and special trench design in accordance with soil permeability characteristics.

The article examines the dependence of cylindrical resonator natural frequencies (sensitive element) on the density (mass) of different fluids flowing through it. The cylindrical resonators are being widely applied in automatic control systems of technological processes as oscillating transducer density meter. The article presents the experimental results that prove the dependence of natural frequencies and vibration amplitude on the fluid density.

The article provides the feasibility study of contemporary oil sludge treatment methods. The basic parameters of a new resource-efficient oil sludge treatment unit that allows extracting as much oil as possible and disposing other components in efficient way have been outlined. Based on the calculation results, it has been revealed that in order to reduce the cost of the treatment unit and the expenses related to sludge disposal, it is essential to apply various combinations of the existing treatment methods.

The article presents the analysis of the processes occurring together with the turbulent transfer of impulse in mixture of hydrocarbon fluid and polymer solutions (anti-turbulent additives). The study evaluates complex shear flows by popular theoretical and practical methods. Understanding of hydrodynamic and dissipative effects of laminar-turbulent transition tightening and turbulence suppression is provided. The peculiarities of "thin" flow structure in pipeline zones with complex shape walls are evaluated. Recommendations to forecast the local flow parameters, calculation of hydraulic resistance are given.

The issue of improving the energy and resource efficiency of advanced petroleum processing can be solved by the development of adequate mathematical model based on physical and chemical regularities of process reactions with a high predictive potential in the advanced petroleum refining. In this work, the development of formalized hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking was performed using thermodynamic parameters of reaction defined by the Density Functional Theory. The list of reaction was compiled according to the results of feedstock structural-group composition definition, which was done by the n-d-m-method, the Hazelvuda method, qualitative composition of feedstock defined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and individual composition of catalytic cracking gasoline fraction. Formalized hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking will become the basis for the development of the catalytic cracking kinetic model.

Experimental investigation of regularities of carryover of water mist droplets (radius of 50 - 500 μm) by high temperature (500 - 1800 K) products of combustion of typical petroleum products (oil, gasoline, kerosene, etc.) was carried out. The panoramic optical methods and high-speed hardware and software systems were used. Speeds of droplets after mixing with oncoming high temperature gases were determined. Conditions of continuation of droplets movement through combustion products with preservation of initial trajectory in spite of intensive evaporation and braking were found. The predictive evaluation of effectiveness of water mist use for extinguishing of fires involving oil and typical petroleum products.

Using high-speed video recording tools (up to 10⁵ frames per second) and «TEMA Automotive» and «Phantom Camera Control» software packages the experimental features of explosive disintegration, boiling and evaporation of water droplets with comparably sized solid inclusions heated in high-temperature (more than 650 K) gaseous region were determined. The necessary and sufficient conditions of explosive vapor formation achievement with the next heterogeneous water droplet disintegration were found.

In this article the algorithm of the power autotransformer choice is offered. According to this algorithm the program for the power autotransformer choice is developed. The program can be used as an educational tool for studying of the theoretical section. Also the program can be used for the analysis of the power autotransformer operation modes for power station and substation after carrying out calculation of the operational modes on the specified objects. Composition checks of the entered data and a correctness of the autotransformer choice are provided in the program, and in all cases of a deviation from the correct decisions the relevant information is given.

Oil companies play a vital role in Russian economy. Demand for hydrocarbon products will be increasing for the nearest decades simultaneously with the population growth and social needs. Change of raw-material orientation of Russian economy and the transition to the innovative way of the development do not exclude the development of oil industry in future. Moreover, society believes that this sector must bring the Russian economy on to the road of innovative development due to neo-industrialization. To achieve this, the government power as well as capital management of companies are required. To make their optimal capital structure, it is necessary to minimize the capital cost, decrease definite risks under existing limits, and maximize profitability. The capital structure analysis of Russian and foreign oil companies shows different approaches, reasons, as well as conditions and, consequently, equity capital and debt capital relationship and their cost, which demands the effective capital management strategy.

The paper presents the results of numerical modelling of the processes accompanying movement of drop viscous media (water) in oil under the influence of exterior forces of the electric and dynamic nature. Systematic calculations of influence on the electric field heterogeneity drops, created by a symmetric and asymmetrical configuration of electrodes are carried out both in inter electrode and behind electrode areas taking into account a complex operation of dielectrophoresis forces, buoyancies and drag, as well as the variability of electrode sizes. The analysis of drop movement trajectories shows that the asymmetrical configuration of electrodes can be applied for an electro-coalescence intensification of water-in-oil emulsion. Correctness of calculations of the mathematical model and numerical methods are confirmed by good results if compared with the available data of the other authors.

The article deals with application potential of clean alternative renewable energy sources. By means of system analysis the forecast for consumption of electrical energy in Tomsk Oblast as well as main energy sources of existing energy system have been studied up to 2018. Engineering potential of renewable and alternative energy sources is evaluated. Besides, ranking in the order of their efficiency descending is performed. It is concluded that Tomsk Oblast has high potential of alternative and renewable energy sources, among which the most promising development perspective is implementation of gasification stations to save fuel consumed by diesel power stations as well as building wind-power plants.

The modern economy is developing in the direction of innovations implementation. Innovations are becoming the basic prerequisite for the competitiveness of the enterprises. The Russian oil and gas sector innovation issue is very crucial. Low innovation activity of companies could result in a serious threat due to the strong global competition, increased uncertainty and risks. The need for innovative changes often meets reluctance. The reasons of it vary and require serious research. Managers should give special attention to the development of adjustment ability of the staff, to introduce modern methods for improving the adjustment potential of the enterprise staff.

The commitment of national industries to traditional energy sources, as well as constantly growing energy demand combined with adverse environmental impact of petroleum production and transportation urge to establish and maintain an appropriate legal and administrative framework for oil pollution damage compensation. The article considers management strategies for petroleum companies that embrace not only production benefits but also environmental issues.

Intensive development of cities being a factor of fuel-power complex (FPC) development increases the load on its capacity. This has the negative impact on human health and capacity to work. Therefore, it is important to integrate environmental and recreation components into the urban area through designing the system "production-ecology-recreation" and thus ensuring sustainable development of the city.

The article examines a range of problems related to the process of institutionalization in the corporate social policy, characterizing the social responsibility of business and representing a part of the general strategy of corporate social responsibility. The experience of the social policy implementation in oil and gas companies is analyzed.

The article is devoted to the improvement of the regulatory framework of pricing and estimate standards in the petroleum sector. Regulatory framework reform in the construction sector is necessary at the state, territorial and branch levels. Taking into account the provision and opportunity for potential relations between sellers and buyers, peculiarities of industrial sectors and investment projects, sources of financing, technology pre-investment studies, pre-project, project, tender and production documentation.

The aim of the research work is to quantify interaction between phenanthrene with modified humic acids in aquatic environment. The changes in the structure and properties of humic acids after modifications were studied with 1H NMR spectroscopy and potentiometric titration methods. Our research demonstrates that the application of thiourea as a modified agent increases the binding capacity of humic acids towards phenanthrene.

Supervising has strongly consolidated in the domestic petroleum services market of the Russian Federation. But despite the rapid growth of the supervising services market, there is a definite need for its further development. In the article, the developments of supervising in petroleum industry of the Russian Federation, as well as possible ways of its improvement are considered.

The article considers the variety of impacts that oil exploration and production operations have on the environment at different stages of the process. To provide accurate economic assessment, an oil field development project was designed, with various development options. These options being analyzed, the strategy with the minimal environmental impact was identified. This has allowed preparation of a guideline on how to prevent deterioration of the environment and to reduce the negative environmental impact

The article represents the calculation of the payment for negative environmental impact caused by the development of the uranium ores deposits in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To compare the deposits in Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, the event is simulated as if the object were located in the territory of the Russian Federation. The comparison of the results serves as an evidence to substantiate the experts' claim that the financial mechanism of land management in Russia should be reformed.

This article deals with oil production companies activities in increasing the utilization volume of associated petroleum gas (APG) in Tomsk Oblast. Cost-effectiveness analysis of associated petroleum gas utilization was carried out using the example of gas engine power station AGP-350 implementation at Yuzhno-Cheremshanskoye field, Tomsk Oblast. Authors calculated the effectiveness taking into account the tax advantages of 2012. The implementation of this facility shows high profitability, the payback period being less than 2 years.

The share of hard-to-recover oil reserves, principally from unconventional hydrocarbon sources, has significantly increased in the world petroleum market. Russian policy of subsurface management is directed to stimulate the development, survey and involvement into production of hard-to-recover oil reserves by tax-financial and economic-organizational tools among which tax incentives is the most effective one. The article highlights different categories of hard-to-recover oil reserves as a basis for generating tax incentives. Also the aspects of tax influence on petroleum business (involved in production of had to recover reserves) in Tomsk region are revealed, both positive and negative.

Implementing resource-innovative strategy to develop Russian fuel-and-energy sector implies the promotion of small oil production enterprises developing fields with the reserves of less than 5 mln. tons. However, the efficiency of such enterprises, investigated on the example of Tomsk region (considering the indexes of oil extraction, growth of reserves, amount of capital expenditures and geological surveys), signifies the presence of definite tendencies. Consequently, management decisions concerning economic, organizational, financial and fiscal character should be taken in order to eliminate detrimental factors.