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A HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SURVEY FOR NOVAE IN M87. I. LIGHT AND COLOR CURVES, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS, AND THE NOVA RATE*

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Published 2016 November 8 © 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
, , Citation Michael M. Shara et al 2016 ApJS 227 1 DOI 10.3847/0067-0049/227/1/1

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0067-0049/227/1/1

ABSTRACT

The Hubble Space Telescope has imaged the central part of M87 over a 10 week span, leading to the discovery of 32 classical novae (CNe) and nine fainter, likely very slow, and/or symbiotic novae. In this first paper of a series, we present the M87 nova finder charts, and the light and color curves of the novae. We demonstrate that the rise and decline times, and the colors of M87 novae are uncorrelated with each other and with position in the galaxy. The spatial distribution of the M87 novae follows the light of the galaxy, suggesting that novae accreted by M87 during cannibalistic episodes are well-mixed. Conservatively using only the 32 brightest CNe we derive a nova rate for M87: ${363}_{-45}^{+33}$ novae yr−1. We also derive the luminosity-specific classical nova rate for this galaxy, which is ${7.88}_{-2.6}^{+2.3}\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}/{10}^{10}\,{L}_{\odot }{,}_{K}$. Both rates are 3–4 times higher than those reported for M87 in the past, and similarly higher than those reported for all other galaxies. We suggest that most previous ground-based surveys for novae in external galaxies, including M87, miss most faint, fast novae, and almost all slow novae near the centers of galaxies.

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1. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION

Determining the binary stellar fraction throughout the universe, a fundamental constraint on star formation, demands the identification and characterization of substantial populations of extragalactic stars that are unquestionably binary. Beyond the confines of our own Galaxy it becomes increasingly difficult to separate single from binary stellar populations. An important exception is the classical novae (CNe), which are both 100% binary populations and, during outburst, among the most luminous stars in any galaxy.

CNe are white dwarfs accreting hydrogen-rich matter from Roche-lobe filling secondaries (Kraft 1959; Warner 1995). The accumulation of order 10−5 M of hydrogen on a white dwarf leads to a thermonuclear runaway, Eddington or greater luminosity, and mass ejection at high speed, observed as a classical nova eruption (Starrfield et al. 1972; Prialnik et al. 1978). Many novae achieve luminosities in excess of 105 L, making them easily detectable in external galaxies (Arp 1956; Rosino 1973; Ciardullo et al. 1990; Neill & Shara 2004). The most luminous CNe reach absolute magnitudes close to M = −10. Thus very large numbers of novae can be detected with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to well beyond the Coma Cluster of galaxies, and their near-constant luminosity 15 days after maximum light can be used as a distance indicator (Buscombe & de Vaucouleurs 1955; Shara 1981b; Ferrarese et al. 2003).

Four examples of what novae can teach us about the genesis and evolution of close binaries in different stellar populations and types of galaxies are the following. First, by demonstrating that nova rates, luminosities, and/or spectra (Della Valle & Livio 1998) are different in disk and bulge-dominated galaxies, one could directly show that close binary formation rates and histories are also different in these populations (Yungelson et al. 1997; Matteucci et al. 2003). Second, by mapping the locations of novae in cannibalistic massive central galaxies in clusters, or between galaxies, one can check if dynamical stirring has been effective in mixing swallowed populations throughout these galaxies or intracluster space (Neill et al. 2005; Shara 2006; Longobardi et al. 2013). Third, important binary parameters—white dwarf mass, luminosity, and mass transfer rate—can be determined from the properties of nova eruptions (Prialnik & Kovetz 1995; Yaron et al. 2005; Hillman et al. 2016) in external galaxies. Fourth, by using novae as proxies for all close binaries in very different kinds of galaxies, we can determine these binaries' spatial distributions relative to other populations (Hatano et al. 1997).

In addition, basic tests of the theory of novae become possible. Do the rates of decline from maximum brightness vary systematically with position in a given galaxy, or with Hubble type? Theory suggests that this should not occur (Shara 1981a; Livio 1992), but a definitive observational demonstration is lacking. Observations could also determine the instantaneous luminosity function and the speed class distribution of novae in different kinds of galaxies—strong constraints on nova evolution theory.

Studies of novae in galaxies of the Local Group and beyond (Hubble 1929; Henize et al. 1954; Arp 1956; Rosino 1973; Pritchet & van den Bergh 1987; Tomaney & Shafter 1992; Neill & Shara 2004; Williams & Shafter 2004; Shafter et al. 2014; Curtin et al. 2015) have addressed some subset of these questions. Although M87 has been targeted for novae in the past (Pritchet & van den Bergh 1985; Shafter et al. 2000; Shara & Zurek 2002; Baltz et al. 2004; Shara et al. 2004; Madrid et al. 2007; Curtin et al. 2015), only a handful of novae with reasonably complete light curves have been detected to date in this massive elliptical galaxy, nine in M49 (Ferrarese et al. 2003), and six in other Virgo cluster ellipticals (Pritchet & van den Bergh 1987). The resolution and sensitivity of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) of HST allowed us to probe the inner regions of M87, where galaxy light makes the detection of transients an observational challenge with ground based data. In this paper we report the detection and detailed characterization via HST of 32 erupting CNe in M87, and nine likely slow and/or symbiotic novae. We are thus able to provide much more definitive answers to many of the above questions concerning novae in a massive elliptical galaxy for the first time.

The data sets used and our analysis methodology are described in Section 2. The time-lapse images and light and color curves of the M87 novae are presented in Section 3. Correlations among nova properties, and with position in M87 are presented in Section 4. The spatial distribution of the M87 novae and the observed nova luminosity distribution are detailed in Section 5. The nova rate in M87 (and in other galaxies) is discussed in Section 6. We briefly summarize our results in Section 7.

2. OBSERVATIONS

The data used to find novae were images taken for the HST Cycle-14 program 10543 (PI—E. A. Baltz). The goal of that program was to search for microlensing events in M87 using I band imagery for the primary search, and V band imagery to provide colors. Four observations, separated by five days, were followed by daily imaging for the remainder of the program, with the HST ACS in the F606W (hereafter V or V band) and F814W (hereafter I or I band) filters. The F814W exposures were sub-pixel dithered to ensure Nyquist sampling, allowing for the optimal use of the superb HST resolution. The dithers also allowed for the rejection of hot pixels and other defects, as well as cosmic ray rejection.

The ACS detector has a field of view (FOV) of 202'' × 202'' and a pixel scale of 0farcs05 (Mack et al. 2003). At the 16.4 ± 0.5 Mpc distance of M87 (Bird et al. 2010), 1'' corresponds to 80 pc; Wide Field Camera (WFC) imaging thus covers an area of about 16 × 16 kpc centered on the M87 nucleus. A total of 254 ACS exposures were taken in 61 different visits over a period of 72 days from 2005 December 24 to 2006 March 5. The majority of exposures (205) were taken in the I band, totaling 73,800 s. Color information was obtained with 49 images in the V band that combined amount to 24,500 s. Four 360 s exposures in the I band filter, yielding a 1440 s total exposure were followed by a single 500 s V exposure during each orbit. These observations provide unmatched temporal coverage of extragalactic transients as well as an unprecedentedly large FOV at very high resolution.

Archive-given names, observation dates, and exposure times for all observations in each of the filters are given in Table 1. Several observations contain no useful data, but are kept in the table for completeness.

Table 1.  HST Observations of M87

Root Name Obs Date Exp Time Root Name Obs Date Exp Time
  YYY-MM-DD (s)   YYY-MM-DD (s)
HST ACS/WFC (F606W)
j9e001zdq 2005 Dec 24 500.0 j9e032pxq 2006 Feb 04 500.0
j9e002hgq 2005 Dec 29 500.0 j9e033smq 2006 Feb 05 500.0
j9e003d6q 2006 Jan 03 500.0 j9e034w9q 2006 Feb 06 500.0
j9e004atq 2006 Jan 08 500.0 j9e035bkq 2006 Feb 06 500.0
j9e005d7q 2006 Jan 09 500.0 j9e036dbq 2007 Feb 07 500.0
j9e006j4q 2006 Jan 10 500.0 j9e037gnq 2006 Feb 08 500.0
j9e007lwq 2006 Jan 11 500.0 j9e038k1q 2006 Feb 09 500.0
j9e008orq 2006 Jan 12 500.0 j9e039m9q 2006 Feb 10 500.0
j9e009qlq 2006 Jan 13 500.0 j9e040q6q 2006 Feb 10 500.0
j9e010sgq 2006 Jan 14 500.0 j9e041rwq 2006 Feb 11 500.0
j9e011uaq 2006 Jan 14 500.0 j9e042u8q 2006 Feb 12 500.0
j9e012wzq 2006 Jan 15 500.0 j9e043dmq 2006 Feb 13 500.0
j9e013ceqa 2006 Jan 16 500.0 j9e044h0q 2006 Feb 14 500.0
j9e014enq 2006 Jan 17 500.0 j9e045j6qa 2006 Feb 15 500.0
j9e015iyq 2006 Jan 18 500.0 j9e046moqa 2006 Feb 15 500.0
j9e016m9q 2006 Jan 19 500.0 j9e047onq 2006 Feb 16 500.0
j9e017orq 2006 Jan 20 500.0 j9e068qxq 2006 Feb 17 500.0
j9e018r9q 2006 Jan 21 500.0 j9e073tfq 2006 Feb 18 500.0
j9e019umq 2006 Jan 22 500.0 j9e076v4q 2006 Feb 19 500.0
j9e020cdq 2006 Jan 23 500.0 j9e086aoq 2006 Feb 20 500.0
j9e021f9q 2006 Jan 24 500.0 j9e092e9q 2006 Feb 21 500.0
j9e022hlq 2006 Jan 25 500.0 j9e048fzq 2006 Feb 21 500.0
j9e023llq 2006 Jan 26 500.0 j9e094giq 2006 Feb 21 500.0
j9e024p5q 2006 Jan 27 500.0 j9e049wmq 2006 Feb 26 500.0
j9e025sdq 2006 Jan 28 500.0 j9e0a1bhq 2006 Feb 27 500.0
j9e026vxqa 2006 Jan 29 500.0 j9e0a5drqa 2006 Feb 28 500.0
j9e027blq 2006 Jan 30 500.0 j9e0a6g6q 2006 Mar 01 500.0
j9e028ejq 2006 Jan 31 500.0 j9e0b8k2q 2006 Mar 02 500.0
j9e029h6q 2006 Feb 01 500.0 j9e0a8p0q 2006 Mar 03 500.0
j9e030khq 2006 Feb 02 500.0 j9e050txq 2006 Mar 04 500.0
j9e031ndq 2006 Feb 03 500.0 j9e0c4xiq 2006 Mar 05 500.0
HST ACS/WFC (F814W)
j9e001z6q 2005 Dec 24 360.0 j9e029gzq 2006 Feb 01 360.0
j9e002h9q 2005 Dec 29 360.0 j9e030kaq 2006 Feb 02 360.0
j9e003czq 2006 Jan 03 360.0 j9e031n6q 2006 Feb 03 360.0
j9e004amq 2006 Jan 08 360.0 j9e033sfq 2006 Feb 05 360.0
j9e005d0q 2006 Jan 09 360.0 j9e035bdq 2006 Feb 06 360.0
j9e006ixq 2006 Jan 10 360.0 j9e036d4q 2006 Feb 07 360.0
j9e007lpq 2006 Jan 11 360.0 j9e037ggq 2006 Feb 08 360.0
j9e009geq 2006 Jan 12 360.0 j9e038juq 2006 Feb 09 360.0
j9e010s9q 2006 Jan 13 360.0 j9e039m2q 2006 Feb 10 360.0
j9e011u3q 2006 Jan 14 360.0 j9e040pzq 2006 Feb 11 360.0
j9e012wsq 2006 Jan 15 360.0 j9e042u1q 2006 Feb 12 360.0
j9e013c7q 2006 Jan 16 360.0 j9e043dfq 2006 Feb 13 360.0
j9e014egq 2006 Jan 17 360.0 j9e044gtq 2006 Feb 14 360.0
j9e015irq 2006 Jan 18 360.0 j9e047ogq 2006 Feb 16 360.0
j9e017okq 2006 Jan 20 360.0 j9e073t8q 2006 Feb 18 360.0
j9e018r2q 2006 Jan 21 360.0 j9e076uxq 2006 Feb 19 360.0
j9e019ufq 2006 Jan 22 360.0 j9e086ahq 2006 Feb 20 360.0
j9e020c6q 2006 Jan 23 360.0 j9e092e2q 2006 Feb 20 360.0
j9e021f2q 2006 Jan 24 360.0 j9e049wfq 2006 Feb 26 360.0
j9e022heq 2006 Jan 25 360.0 j9e0a1baq 2007 Feb 27 360.0
j9e023leq 2006 Jan 26 360.0 j9e0a6fzq 2006 Mar 01 360.0
j9e024oyq 2006 Jan 27 360.0 j9e0b8jvq 2006 Mar 02 360.0
j9e025s6q 2006 Jan 28 360.0 j9e0a8otq 2006 Mar 03 360.0
j9e027beq 2006 Jan 30 360.0 j9e050tqq 2006 Mar 04 360.0
j9e028ecq 2006 Jan 31 360.0 j9e0c4cbq 2006 Mar 05 360.0
HST ACS/WFC (F850LP)
j8fs02beq 2003 Jan 19 560.0 j8fs02bgq 2003 Jan 19 560.0
HST WFPC2/PC (F300W) HST WFPC2/PC (F450W)
u3be040br 1998 Feb 25 3620.0 u3be0407r 1998 Feb 25 3320.0
HST WFPC2/PC (F606W)
u3be0409r 1998 Feb 25 260 u6731605r 2001 Dec 06 400
u6730105r 2001 May 28 400 u6731705r 2001 Jun 13 400
u6730205r 2001 May 29 400 u6731805r 2001 Jun 14 400
u6730305r 2001 May 30 400 u6731905r 2001 Jun 15 400
u6730405r 2001 May 31 400 u6732005r 2001 Jun 16 400
u6730505r 2001 Jan 06 400 u6732105r 2001 Jun 17 400
u6730605r 2001 Feb 06 400 u6732205r 2001 Jun 18 400
u6730705r 2001 Mar 06 400 u6732305r 2001 Jun 19 400
u6730805r 2001 Apr 06 400 u6732405r 2001 Jun 20 400
u6730905m 2001 May 06 400 u6732505r 2001 Jun 21 400
u6731005r 2001 Jun 06 400 u6732605r 2001 Jun 22 400
u6731105r 2001 Jul 06 400 u6732705r 2001 Jun 23 400
u6731205r 2001 Aug 06 400 u6732805r 2001 Jun 24 400
u6731305r 2001 Sep 06 400 u6732905m 2001 Jun 25 400
u6731405r 2001 Oct 06 400 u6733005r 2001 Jun 26 400
u6731505r 2001 Nov 06 400      
HST WFPC2/PC (F814W)
u2ck0d06t 1995 Mar 02 30 u6731601r 2001 Dec 06 260
u6730101r 2001 May 28 260 u6731602r 2001 Dec 06 260
u6730102r 2001 May 28 260 u6731603r 2001 Dec 06 260
u6730103r 2001 May 28 260 u6731604r 2001 Dec 06 260
u6730104r 2001 May 28 260 u6731701r 2001 Jun 13 260
u6730201r 2001 May 29 260 u6731702r 2001 Jun 13 260
u6730202r 2001 May 29 260 u6731703r 2001 Jun 13 260
u6730203r 2001 May 29 260 u6731704r 2001 Jun 13 260
u6730204r 2001 May 29 260 u6731801r 2001 Jun 14 260
u6730301r 2001 May 30 260 u6731802r 2001 Jun 14 260
u6730302r 2001 May 30 260 u6731803r 2001 Jun 14 260
u6730303r 2001 May 30 260 u6731804r 2001 Jun 14 260
u6730304r 2001 May 30 260 u6731901r 2001 Jun 15 260
u6730401r 2001 May 31 260 u6731902m 2001 Jun 15 260
u6730402r 2001 May 31 260 u6731903r 2001 Jun 15 260
u6730403r 2001 May 31 260 u6731904r 2001 Jun 15 260
u6730404r 2001 May 31 260 u6732001r 2001 Jun 16 260
u6730501r 2001 Jan 06 260 u6732002r 2001 Jun 16 260
u6730502r 2001 Jan 06 260 u6732003r 2001 Jun 16 260
u6730503m 2001 Jan 06 260 u6732004r 2001 Jun 16 260
u6730504r 2001 Jan 06 260 u6732101r 2001 Jun 16 260
u6730601r 2001 Feb 06 260 u6732102r 2001 Jun 16 260
u6730602r 2001 Feb 06 260 u6732103r 2001 Jun 16 260
u6730603r 2001 Feb 06 260 u6732104r 2001 Jun 17 260
u6730604r 2001 Feb 06 260 u6732201r 2001 Jun 18 260
u6730701r 2001 Mar 06 260 u6732202r 2001 Jun 18 260
u6730702r 2001 Mar 06 260 u6732203r 2001 Jun 18 260
u6730703r 2001 Mar 06 260 u6732204r 2001 Jun 18 260
u6730704r 2001 Mar 06 260 u6732301r 2001 Jun 19 260
u6730801r 2001 Apr 06 260 u6732302r 2001 Jun 19 260
u6730802r 2001 Apr 06 260 u6732303r 2001 Jun 19 260
u6730803r 2001 Apr 06 260 u6732304r 2001 Jun 19 260
u6730804r 2001 Apr 06 260 u6732401r 2001 Jun 20 260
u6730901r 2001 May 06 260 u6732402r 2001 Jun 20 260
u6730902r 2001 May 06 260 u6732403r 2001 Jun 20 260
u6730903r 2001 May 06 260 u6732404r 2001 Jun 20 260
u6730904r 2001 May 06 260 u6732501r 2001 Jun 20 260
u6731001r 2001 Jun 06 260 u6732502r 2001 Jun 20 260
u6731002r 2001 Jun 06 260 u6732503r 2001 Jun 21 260
u6731003r 2001 Jun 06 260 u6732504r 2001 Jun 21 260
u6731004m 2001 Jun 06 260 u6732601r 2001 Jun 21 260
u6731101r 2001 Jul 06 260 u6732602r 2001 Jun 21 260
u6731102r 2001 Jul 06 260 u6732603r 2001 Jun 22 260
u6731103r 2001 Jul 06 260 u6732604r 2001 Jun 22 260
u6731104r 2001 Jul 06 260 u6732701r 2001 Jun 22 260
u6731201r 2001 Aug 06 260 u6732702r 2001 Jun 22 260
u6731202r 2001 Aug 06 260 u6732703r 2001 Jun 23 260
u6731203r 2001 Aug 06 260 u6732704r 2001 Jun 23 260
u6731204r 2001 Aug 06 260 u6732801r 2001 Jun 24 260
u6731301r 2001 Sep 06 260 u6732802r 2001 Jun 24 260
u6731302r 2001 Sep 06 260 u6732803r 2001 Jun 24 260
u6731303r 2001 Sep 06 260 u6732804r 2001 Jun 24 260
u6731304r 2001 Sep 06 260 u6732901r 2001 Jun 25 260
u6731401r 2001 Oct 06 260 u6732902r 2001 Jun 25 260
u6731402r 2001 Oct 06 260 u6732903r 2001 Jun 25 260
u6731403r 2001 Oct 06 260 u6732904r 2001 Jun 25 260
u6731404r 2001 Oct 06 260 u6733001r 2001 Jun 25 260
u6731501r 2001 Nov 06 260 u6733002r 2001 Jun 26 260
u6731502r 2001 Nov 06 260 u6733003r 2001 Jun 26 260
u6731503r 2001 Nov 06 260 u6733004r 2001 Jun 26 260
u6731504r 2001 Nov 06 260      

Note.

aEmpty observations. Not used in analysis, but shown here for completeness.

Download table as:  ASCIITypeset images: 1 2 3

2.1. Finding the Novae

The 32 CNe reported here were discovered independently by three different collaborators. We discuss their detection first. Nine additional, faint variables are likely to be slow and/or symbiotic novae, and are discussed separately at the end of this section.

Using only the I band images, 26 novae were found by TL. The methodology used by TL for careful exclusion of all cosmic ray events and hot pixels, choice of a baseline level from which to seek changes, thresholds above which to flag candidates, candidate vetting, and candidate photometry are discussed in detail in Baltz et al. (2004). The images were reduced to preserve and optimize the angular resolution. The four F814W images at a given epoch were interlaced to produce Nyquist image by the Fourier method of Lauer (1999). This method recovers a Nyquist image (2× finer pixels) from non-optimal dithers without interpolation kernels that can degrade the angular resolution. The Nyquist images were then rectified with sinc-function interpolation, which preserves the resolution of the images. Note that these procedures offer superior resolution to drizzle, which blurs the images at the resolution scale. The nightly reduced images were convolved with an optimal filter to highlight point-source variables. The search was done on difference frames, using the entire image set with rejection of statistical outliers as a template for the M87 background. A handful of very faint candidates, beyond the 26 noted above, were rejected in the interest of retaining only candidates that were clear and obvious variables.

The data were also independently searched for novae by TFD and by DLW. Both authors retrieved the flat-fielded science files (FLT.FITS) and best reference files from the HST public archive. Prior to their delivery the raw HST images are processed through the standard pipeline at the STScI. The standard ACS calibration pipeline (CALACS) performs basic reductions, viz., overscan subtraction, bias subtraction, dark subtraction, and flat fielding (Sirianni et al. 2005). Subsequent data reduction was carried out with the one step task Multidrizzle (Koekemoer et al. 2002) of the Space Telescope Data Analysis System (STSDAS) run within Pyraf. Multidrizzle performs distortion correction using updated reference files, removes cosmic rays, and combines all exposures taken in the same epoch into a final drizzled image (DRZ.FITS). For the final drizzled images that were used for this study TFD and DLW preserved the native ACS/WFC pixel size of 0farcs05.

All of the 26 novae were discovered by TL, and five additional slow novae were discovered by TFD using one-day and five-day Multidrizzled (Koekemoer et al. 2002) V band images (not difference images). Each five-day image was visually blinked against the first five days' Multidrizzled image to locate even the faintest variables in M87. In addition to the 31 candidates noted above, an additional 29 variables were also found by TFD, but noted to be fainter and redder than the 31 candidates above. Visual inspection led us to eliminate 20 candidates as borderline detections—all are too faint for reliable photometry. Nine candidates with measurable brightnesses, all of which are redder than the 31 novae noted above, were retained; we consider them to be likely symbiotic and/or very faint novae, as discussed below.

Most of the novae found by TL and TFD, and one additional nova, too faint to be detected by TL and only marginally seen in the five-day Multidrizzled images, were discovered by DLW. This nova was only observed while declining in brightness. Its color and brightness behavior are consistent with those of the other 31 novae. DLW used the Welch–Stetson variability index (Welch & Stetson 1993) on the Multidrizzled images to find candidates. The driving assumptions of the Welch–Stetson variability index is that variability of a star is correlated between the two filters in use. That is, for instance, if a truly variable star becomes brighter in the V band it will also become brighter in the coeval I band frame. Random errors in magnitude are, by definition, uncorrelated between filters. Extraction of candidates required that they be detected at more than eight epochs on multiple images. Background sky and galaxy light was eliminated via ALLFRAME (Stetson 1994).

Our completeness and detection limits are discussed in Section 5.2, but we note here that they differ by four magnitudes between the center of M87 and the periphery of our FOV. Our faintest detections reach V ∼ 27 and I ∼ 28 for nova 29, near the edge of HST's FOV, described below. Nova 15, near the center of M87, is only detected when brighter than V ∼ 24.5 and I ∼ 23.5.

The positions of all candidate novae were checked in the HST archival images of M87 taken for program GO-8592 (PI—J. Silk) (Baltz et al. 2004). This data set consisted of 30 consecutive days of images of M87 taken with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) of HST through the F814W and F606W filters during 2001 May 28 through June 25, inclusive. The goal of this comparison of the two epochs' (separated by over four years) images was to flag candidates that might be recurrent and/or symbiotic novae, or Mira variables. None of the 32 CNe were detected in the stacked 2001 frames. Only one of the nine faint variables (nova number 33) was unambiguously detected in the stacked 2001 frames.

Our final decision on whether to eliminate a variable candidate that was unambiguously real (i.e., seen on multiple nights in both filters) from the nova pool was determined by its colors. The evolution of the $(V-I)$ color curves of novae are distinct from those of Miras. Inspection of dozens of Mira variables in the American Association of Variable Star Observers database demonstrates that Miras never display a $(V-I)$ color bluer than +2.0. Every single one of the 32 CNe, and nine fainter variables noted above, displays at least one epoch with $(V-I)\lt 0.5.$ (The one exception with no well-defined colors, nova 15, reaches absolute magnitude ∼−8 in both filters; it is far too luminous to be anything but a classical nova). Those blue colors unambiguously demonstrate that none of our nova candidates are a Mira variable.

The 32 CNe and 9 likely faint novae detected in our survey are mapped over an HST image of M87 in Figure 1. The spatial distribution of the novae, and checks for correlations between nova properties and position in the galaxy are described below.

Figure 1.

Figure 1. A map of the locations of 32 classical novae (numbers 1–32) in M87 overlaid on the full drizzled HST ACS/WFC V band image. Nine fainter variables (numbered 33–41), which are too blue to be Miras, are likely to be very slow and/or symbiotic novae.

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3. RESULTS

3.1. Time-lapse Images

Figures 2(a) through 2(u), inclusive, are montages of 1.5 arcsec × 1.5 arcsec "postage stamp," I band images of each of the 32 CNe and nine likely slow novae detected in M87. We used the I band images for this display because they have better resolution and signal to noise for the single days than the V images, as there were four times as many individual exposures taken in each epoch. The novae are ordered from brightest to faintest in peak V magnitude. In cases where the nova is only detected on the rising or falling part of its light curve, the peak measured brightness is probably not the brightest that the nova eventually becomes. The sequence of observations starts in the top-left corner, and proceeds horizontally across a row, followed by each of the four succeeding rows. Each nova is marked with a vertical and horizontal tick mark on the day of its maximum brightness.

Figure 2.
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Figure 2.

Figure 2. (a) Daily I band images of M87 Nova 1 (top) and M87 Nova 2 (bottom). Novae are ordered by peak brightness in the V band; vertical and horizontal ticks indicate the day of peak brightness. All "postage stamps" are 1.5 × 1.5 arcsec in size. (b) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 3 (top) and M87 Nova 4 (bottom). (c) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 5 (top) and M87 Nova 6 (bottom). (d) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 7 (top) and M87 Nova 8 (bottom). (e) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 9 (top) and M87 Nova 10 (bottom). (f) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 11 (top) and M87 Nova 12 (bottom). (g) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 13 (top) and M87 Nova 14 (bottom). (h) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 15 (top) and M87 Nova 16 (bottom). (i) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 17 (top) and M87 Nova 18 (bottom). (j) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 19 (top) and M87 Nova 20 (bottom). (k) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 21 (top) and M87 Nova 22 (bottom). (l) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 23 (top) and M87 Nova 24 (bottom). (m) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 25 (top) and M87 Nova 26 (bottom). (n) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 27 (top) and M87 Nova 28 (bottom). (o) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 29 (top) and M87 Nova 30 (bottom). (p) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 31 (top) and M87 Nova 32 (bottom). (q) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 33 (top) and M87 Nova 34 (bottom). (r) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 35 (top) and M87 Nova 36 (bottom). (s) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 37 (top) and M87 Nova 38 (bottom). (t) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 39 (top) and M87 Nova 40 (bottom). (u) Same as Figure 1(a) but for M87 Nova 41.

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The brighter novae are both striking and obvious, usually rising to maximum brightness in just a few days. Inspection of the Figure 2 images suggests, at first glance, that some of the novae are "out of order," with apparently brighter novae ordered later in the sequence than earlier, "fainter" novae. An example is Nova 15, detected for only 6 successive days, which appears much fainter than Nova 16 (which is seen on 14 days). The reason for this apparent discrepancy is the very large spatial variation in M87's surface brightness. As is clear from Figure 1, Nova 15 is located considerably closer to M87's bright center than Nova 16, making it much harder to detect against its bright background. We will return to this point when discussing incompleteness corrections in our determination of M87's nova rate.

3.2. Light and Color Curves

We used aperture photometry (in the daily V band and I band original images) to measure the light curves of each nova. We determined that there was no need to subtract a smoothed image of M87 from these frames for accurate photometry as long as we avoided including globular clusters in the apertures. Aperture photometry was checked against point-spread function photometry in the I images to ensure consistency, and excellent agreement was found. All photometric measurements are listed in Table 2, which contains the light curve and color curve data for each detected nova: the HST file number, days from maximum light of each observation, date of observation, V band magnitude and error, I band magnitude and error, VI color, and error in VI. Six of the novae were already in decline when the HST observations began (Novae 9, 23, 25, 27, 30, and 32), while 12 others (Novae 3, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 22, 27, and 29) were fading but still visible when the observations ended. Figures 3(a) through 3(u), inclusive, display the classical 32 novae and nine likely slow novae V and I light curves, and their $(V-I)$ color curves, respectively. Table 2 contains the light curve data.

Figure 3.
Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 3.
Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 3.
Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 3.
Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 3.
Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 3.
Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 3.
Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 3.
Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 3.
Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 3.
Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 3.

Figure 3. (a) Light curves of nova 1 and nova 2 in V (left), I (middle), and VI (right). As in Figure 1, novae are again ordered by peak brightness in the V band. Upper limits are indicated by square data points with downward pointing arrows. Error bars are displayed for all measurements except for those smaller than the solid squares representing data points. (b) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 3 and 4. (c) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 5 and 6. (d) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 7 and 8. (e) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 9 and 10. (f) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 11 and 12. (g) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 13 and 14. (h) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 15 and 16. (i) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 17 and 18. (j) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 19 and 20. (k) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 21 and 22. (l) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 23 and 24. (m) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 25 and 26. (n) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 27 and 28. (o) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 29 and 30. (p) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 31 and 32. (q) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 33 and 34. (r) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 35 and 36. (s) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 37 and 38. (t) Same as Figure 3(a), except for novae 39 and 40. (u) Same as Figure 3(a), except for nova 41.

Standard image High-resolution image

Table 2.  M87 Novae Magnitudes and Colors

HST File Days from Max Obs Date V Verr HST File Days from Max Obs Date I Ierr $(V-I)$ ${(V-I)}_{\mathrm{err}}$
  (days) YYYY-MM-DD (mag) (mag)   (days) YYYY-MM-DD (mag) (mag) (mag) mag
M87 Nova 1
j9e001zdq −17.37 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −17.37 2005 Dec 24 27.843 1.06
j9e002hgq −12.43 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −12.39 2005 Dec 29 29.933 2.72
j9e003d6q −7.37 2006 Jan 03 27.070 1.302 j9e003czq −6.33 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −2.12 2006 Jan 08 23.333 0.040 j9e004amq −1.13 2006 Jan 08 23.223 0.03 0.110 0.050
j9e005d7q −1.26 2006 Jan 09 22.561 0.020 j9e005d0q −0.26 2006 Jan 09 22.423 0.01 0.138 0.022
j9e006j4q 0.00 2006 Jan 10 21.837 0.012 j9e006ixq 0.94 2006 Jan 10 21.733 0.01 0.104 0.016
j9e007lwq 1.13 2006 Jan 11 21.942 0.012 j9e007lpq 2.13 2006 Jan 11 21.543 0.01 0.399 0.016
j9e008orq 2.00 2006 Jan 12 22.069 0.013
j9e009qlq 2.73 2006 Jan 13 22.206 0.018 j9e009geq 3.74 2006 Jan 13 21.583 0.01 0.623 0.021
j9e010sgq 3.54 2006 Jan 14 22.294 0.018 j9e010s9q 4.54 2006 Jan 13 21.623 0.01 0.671 0.021
j9e011uaq 4.49 2006 Jan 14 22.391 0.020 j9e011u3q 5.53 2006 Jan 14 21.683 0.01 0.708 0.022
j9e012wzq 5.29 2006 Jan 15 22.065 0.015 j9e012wsq 6.33 2006 Jan 15 21.773 0.01 0.292 0.018
j9e013ceq 6.13 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 7.13 2006 Jan 16 21.833 0.01    
j9e014enq 7.01 2006 Jan 17 22.578 0.021 j9e014egq 8.00 2006 Jan 17 21.893 0.01 0.685 0.023
j9e015iyq 8.01 2006 Jan 18 22.617 0.023 j9e015irq 9.00 2006 Jan 18 21.983 0.01 0.634 0.025
j9e016m9q 9.01 2006 Jan 19 22.723 0.026
j9e017orq 10.07 2006 Jan 20 22.805 0.026 j9e017okq 11.06 2006 Jan 20 22.173 0.01 0.632 0.028
j9e018r9q 11.01 2006 Jan 21 22.875 0.024 j9e018r2q 11.99 2006 Jan 21 22.343 0.01 0.532 0.026
j9e019umq 12.01 2006 Jan 22 23.109 0.035 j9e019ufq 12.99 2006 Jan 22 22.513 0.02 0.596 0.040
j9e020cdq 13.07 2006 Jan 23 23.074 0.032 j9e020c6q 14.06 2006 Jan 23 22.703 0.02 0.371 0.038
j9e021f9q 14.08 2006 Jan 24 23.481 0.047 j9e021f2q 15.12 2006 Jan 24 22.943 0.02 0.538 0.051
j9e022hlq 15.08 2006 Jan 25 23.675 0.045 j9e022heq 16.12 2006 Jan 25 23.193 0.03 0.482 0.054
j9e023llq 16.08 2006 Jan 26 24.363 0.119 j9e023leq 17.12 2006 Jan 26 23.563 0.04 0.800 0.126
j9e024p5q 17.02 2006 Jan 27 24.710 0.172 j9e024oyq 18.05 2006 Jan 27 23.953 0.06 0.757 0.182
j9e025sdq 18.02 2006 Jan 28 25.816 0.389 j9e025s6q 19.05 2006 Jan 28 25.413 0.20 0.403 0.437
j9e026vxq 19.02 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 19.95 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq 20.92 2006 Jan 30 26.233 0.40
j9e028ejq 21.01 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq 22.05 2006 Jan 31 28.313 1.43
j9e029h6q 21.93 2006 Feb 01 j9e029gzq 22.92 2006 Feb 01
j9e030khq 22.93 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq 23.92 2006 Feb 02 28.073 1.26
j9e031ndq 23.87 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q 24.87 2006 Feb 03 26.993 0.64
j9e032pxq 24.81 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 25.61 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq 26.60 2006 Feb 05
j9e034w9q 27.40 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 28.32 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq 28.32 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq 29.14 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q 29.18 2006 Feb 07 26.673 0.60
j9e037gnq 29.98 2006 Feb 08 j9e037ggq 29.99 2006 Feb 08
j9e038k1q 30.79 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq 30.79 2006 Feb 09 30.863 3.64
j9e039m9q 31.60 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q 31.59 2006 Feb 10 28.173 1.34
j9e040q6q 32.45 2006 Feb 10 j9e040pzq 32.45 2006 Feb 10
j9e041rwq 33.25 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 34.07 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q 34.11 2006 Feb 12
j9e043dmq 34.92 2006 Feb 13 j9e043dfq 34.92 2006 Feb 13 28.213 1.40
j9e044h0q 35.72 2006 Feb 14 j9e044gtq 35.72 2006 Feb 14 27.213 0.75
j9e045j6q 36.53 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 37.33 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 38.13 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq 38.13 2006 Feb 16 27.953 1.31
j9e068qxq 38.93 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 39.73 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q 39.73 2006 Feb 18
j9e076v4q 40.67 2006 Feb 19 j9e076uxq 40.70 2006 Feb 19 27.103 0.76
j9e086aoq 41.66 2006 Feb 20 j9e086ahq 41.70 2006 Feb 20 27.293 0.84
j9e092e9q 42.53 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q 42.57 2006 Feb 20 26.723 0.52
j9e048fzq 43.12 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 43.37 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 48.19 2006 Feb 26 j9e049wfq 48.23 2006 Feb 26
j9e0a1bhq 49.03 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq 49.03 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq 49.85 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 50.64 2006 Mar 01 j9e0b8jvq 50.64 2006 Mar 02 29.053 2.01
j9e0b8k2q 51.66 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 51.69 2006 Mar 03 26.703 0.51
j9e0a8p0q 52.77 2006 Mar 03 j9e050tqq 52.76 2006 Mar 04 29.133 2.14
j9e050txq 54.10 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 54.10 2006 Mar 05
j9e0c4xiq 54.97 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 54.96 2007 Feb 27 27.763 1.13
M87 Nova 2
j9e001zdq −16.11 2005 Dec 24 28.083 0.938 j9e001z6q −16.11 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −11.17 2005 Dec 29 27.600 0.744 j9e002h9q −11.13 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −6.11 2006 Jan 03 26.518 0.314 j9e003czq −5.07 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −0.86 2006 Jan 08 22.887 0.015 j9e004amq 0.13 2006 Jan 08 22.693 0.01 0.194 0.018
j9e005d7q 0.00 2006 Jan 09 22.248 0.010 j9e005d0q 1.00 2006 Jan 09 21.853 0.01 0.395 0.014
j9e006j4q 1.26 2006 Jan 10 22.931 0.017 j9e006ixq 2.20 2006 Jan 10 22.373 0.01 0.558 0.020
j9e007lwq 2.39 2006 Jan 11 23.297 0.019 j9e007lpq 3.39 2006 Jan 11 22.573 0.01 0.724 0.021
j9e008orq 3.26 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq 3.99 2006 Jan 13 23.521 0.025 j9e009geq 5.00 2006 Jan 13 22.983 0.01 0.538 0.027
j9e010sgq 4.80 2006 Jan 14 23.729 0.031 j9e010s9q 5.80 2006 Jan 13 23.153 0.02 0.576 0.037
j9e011uaq 5.75 2006 Jan 14 23.860 0.028 j9e011u3q 6.79 2006 Jan 14 23.363 0.02 0.497 0.034
j9e012wzq 6.55 2006 Jan 15 24.047 0.034 j9e012wsq 7.59 2006 Jan 15 23.483 0.02 0.564 0.039
j9e013ceq 7.39 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 8.39 2006 Jan 16 23.643 0.03    
j9e014enq 8.27 2006 Jan 17 24.084 0.041 j9e014egq 9.26 2006 Jan 17 23.753 0.03 0.331 0.051
j9e015iyq 9.27 2006 Jan 18 24.196 0.044 j9e015irq 10.26 2006 Jan 18 23.993 0.04 0.203 0.059
j9e016m9q 10.27 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq 11.33 2006 Jan 20 24.631 0.057 j9e017okq 12.32 2006 Jan 20 24.103 0.04 0.528 0.070
j9e018r9q 12.27 2006 Jan 21 24.761 0.058 j9e018r2q 13.25 2006 Jan 21 24.353 0.05 0.408 0.077
j9e019umq 13.27 2006 Jan 22 24.929 0.073 j9e019ufq 14.25 2006 Jan 22 24.443 0.05 0.486 0.088
j9e020cdq 14.33 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q 15.32 2006 Jan 23 24.673 0.07    
j9e021f9q 15.34 2006 Jan 24 25.051 0.089 j9e021f2q 16.38 2006 Jan 24 24.713 0.06 0.338 0.107
j9e022hlq 16.34 2006 Jan 25 24.911 0.084 j9e022heq 17.38 2006 Jan 25 24.923 0.08 −0.012 0.116
j9e023llq 17.34 2006 Jan 26 25.036 0.082 j9e023leq 18.38 2006 Jan 26 25.283 0.11 −0.247 0.137
j9e024p5q 18.28 2006 Jan 27 25.118 0.092 j9e024oyq 19.31 2006 Jan 27 25.083 0.09 0.035 0.129
j9e025sdq 19.28 2006 Jan 28 25.166 0.080 j9e025s6q 20.31 2006 Jan 28 25.473 0.13 −0.307 0.153
j9e026vxq 20.28 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 21.21 2006 Jan 30 25.289 0.104 j9e027beq 22.18 2006 Jan 30 25.303 0.10 −0.014 0.144
j9e028ejq 22.27 2006 Jan 31 25.089 0.111 j9e028ecq 23.31 2006 Jan 31 25.693 0.15 −0.604 0.187
j9e029h6q 23.19 2006 Feb 01 25.638 0.114 j9e029gzq 24.18 2006 Feb 01 25.873 0.19 −0.235 0.222
j9e030khq 24.19 2006 Feb 02 25.644 0.118 j9e030kaq 25.18 2006 Feb 02 26.193 0.23 −0.549 0.259
j9e031ndq 25.13 2006 Feb 03 25.553 0.132 j9e031n6q 26.13 2006 Feb 03 25.633 0.14 −0.080 0.192
j9e032pxq 26.07 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 26.87 2006 Feb 05 25.672 0.143 j9e033sfq 27.86 2006 Feb 05 26.533 0.32 −0.861 0.350
j9e034w9q 28.66 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 29.58 2006 Feb 06 25.537 0.119 j9e035bdq 29.58 2006 Feb 06 25.853 0.18 −0.316 0.216
j9e036dbq 30.40 2006 Feb 07 25.823 0.191 j9e036d4q 30.44 2006 Feb 07 26.953 0.41 −1.130 0.452
j9e037gnq 31.24 2006 Feb 08 25.739 0.136 j9e037ggq 31.25 2006 Feb 08 26.703 0.34 −0.964 0.366
j9e038k1q 32.05 2006 Feb 09 25.517 0.143 j9e038juq 32.05 2006 Feb 09 26.673 0.33 −1.156 0.360
j9e039m9q 32.86 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q 32.85 2006 Feb 10 27.793 0.75    
j9e040q6q 33.71 2006 Feb 10 26.049 0.194 j9e040pzq 33.71 2006 Feb 10 27.203 0.48 −1.154 0.518
j9e041rwq 34.51 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 35.33 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q 35.37 2006 Feb 12 26.833 0.37    
j9e043dmq 36.18 2006 Feb 13 25.887 0.143 j9e043dfq 36.18 2006 Feb 13 27.303 0.55 −1.416 0.568
j9e044h0q 36.98 2006 Feb 14 25.737 0.150 j9e044gtq 36.98 2006 Feb 14 26.853 0.35 −1.116 0.381
j9e045j6q 37.79 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 38.59 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 39.39 2006 Feb 16 25.735 0.151 j9e047ogq 39.39 2006 Feb 16 26.223 0.26 −0.488 0.301
j9e068qxq 40.19 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 40.99 2006 Feb 18 26.178 0.253 j9e073t8q 40.99 2006 Feb 18
j9e076v4q 41.93 2006 Feb 19 25.843 0.155 j9e076uxq 41.96 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq 42.92 2006 Feb 20 26.382 0.266 j9e086ahq 42.96 2006 Feb 20
j9e092e9q 43.79 2006 Feb 21 25.891 0.209 j9e092e2q 43.83 2006 Feb 20
j9e048fzq 44.38 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 44.63 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 49.45 2006 Feb 26 26.325 0.235 j9e049wfq 49.49 2006 Feb 26
j9e0a1bhq 50.29 2006 Feb 27 26.070 0.279 j9e0a6fzq 50.29 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq 51.11 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 51.90 2006 Mar 01 26.598 0.333 j9e0b8jvq 51.90 2006 Mar 02
j9e0b8k2q 52.92 2006 Mar 02 26.130 0.205 j9e0a8otq 52.95 2006 Mar 03 28.593 1.17 −2.463 1.188
j9e0a8p0q 54.03 2006 Mar 03 26.576 0.390 j9e050tqq 54.02 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 55.36 2006 Mar 04 27.550 0.678 j9e0c4cbq 55.36 2006 Mar 05
j9e0c4xiq 56.23 2006 Mar 05 26.474 0.329 j9e0a1baq 56.22 2007 Feb 27
M87 Nova 3
j9e001zdq −57.10 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −57.10 2005 Dec 24 29.953 1.63
j9e002hgq −52.16 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −52.12 2005 Dec 29 29.203 1.09
j9e003d6q −47.10 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −46.06 2006 Jan 03 28.643 0.70
j9e004atq −41.85 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −40.86 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −40.99 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −39.99 2006 Jan 09 29.823 1.55
j9e006j4q −39.73 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −38.79 2006 Jan 10 30.733 2.23
j9e007lwq −38.60 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −37.60 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −37.73 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −37.00 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −35.99 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −36.19 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −35.19 2006 Jan 13 28.933 0.87
j9e011uaq −35.24 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −34.20 2006 Jan 14
j9e012wzq −34.44 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −33.40 2006 Jan 15 28.623 0.75
j9e013ceq −33.60 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −32.60 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −32.72 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −31.73 2006 Jan 17
j9e015iyq −31.72 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −30.73 2006 Jan 18 27.353 0.29
j9e016m9q −30.72 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −29.66 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq −28.67 2006 Jan 20 27.463 0.32
j9e018r9q −28.72 2006 Jan 21 j9e018r2q −27.74 2006 Jan 21
j9e019umq −27.72 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −26.74 2006 Jan 22
j9e020cdq −26.66 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −25.67 2006 Jan 23 28.713 0.82
j9e021f9q −25.65 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −24.61 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq −24.65 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −23.61 2006 Jan 25
j9e023llq −23.65 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq −22.61 2006 Jan 26 29.603 1.34
j9e024p5q −22.71 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −21.68 2006 Jan 27
j9e025sdq −21.71 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −20.68 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −20.71 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −19.78 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −18.81 2006 Jan 30 30.943 2.45
j9e028ejq −18.72 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq −17.68 2006 Jan 31
j9e029h6q −17.80 2006 Feb 01 j9e029gzq −16.81 2006 Feb 01
j9e030khq −16.80 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq −15.81 2006 Feb 02 28.143 0.54
j9e031ndq −15.86 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q −14.86 2006 Feb 03
j9e032pxq −14.92 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq −14.12 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq −13.13 2006 Feb 05 27.743 0.39
j9e034w9q −12.33 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq −11.41 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq −11.41 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq −10.59 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q −10.55 2006 Feb 07 28.653 0.70
j9e037gnq −9.75 2006 Feb 08 j9e037ggq −9.74 2006 Feb 08
j9e038k1q −8.94 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq −8.94 2006 Feb 09 28.333 0.62
j9e039m9q −8.13 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q −8.14 2006 Feb 10
j9e040q6q −7.28 2006 Feb 10 j9e040pzq −7.28 2006 Feb 10 29.023 0.97
j9e041rwq −6.48 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q −5.66 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q −5.62 2006 Feb 12
j9e043dmq −4.81 2006 Feb 13 j9e043dfq −4.81 2006 Feb 13 27.913 0.47
j9e044h0q −4.01 2006 Feb 14 j9e044gtq −4.01 2006 Feb 14 28.403 0.66
j9e045j6q −3.20 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq −2.40 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq −1.60 2006 Feb 16 22.964 0.012 j9e047ogq −1.60 2006 Feb 16 22.713 0.01 0.251 0.016
j9e068qxq −0.80 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 0.00 2006 Feb 18 22.635 0.010 j9e073t8q 0.00 2006 Feb 18 22.933 0.01 −0.298 0.014
j9e076v4q 0.94 2006 Feb 19 24.024 0.021 j9e076uxq 0.97 2006 Feb 19 23.653 0.02 0.371 0.029
j9e086aoq 1.93 2006 Feb 20 24.305 0.023 j9e086ahq 1.97 2006 Feb 20 23.903 0.02 0.402 0.030
j9e092e9q 2.80 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q 2.84 2006 Feb 20 24.003 0.02
j9e048fzq 3.39 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 3.64 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 8.46 2006 Feb 26 j9e049wfq 8.50 2006 Feb 26 25.423 0.06
j9e0a1bhq 9.30 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq 9.30 2006 Mar 01 25.593 0.07
j9e0a5drq 10.12 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 10.91 2006 Mar 01 j9e0b8jvq 10.91 2006 Mar 02 25.903 0.10
j9e0b8k2q 11.93 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 11.96 2006 Mar 03 25.753 0.08
j9e0a8p0q 13.04 2006 Mar 03 j9e050tqq 13.03 2006 Mar 04 25.923 0.09
j9e050txq 14.37 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 14.37 2006 Mar 05 25.943 0.10
j9e0c4xiq 15.24 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 15.23 2007 Feb 27 26.113 0.11
M87 Nova 4
j9e001zdq −59.03 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −59.03 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −54.09 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −54.05 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −49.03 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −47.99 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −43.78 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −42.79 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −42.92 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −41.92 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −41.66 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −40.72 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −40.53 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −39.53 2006 Jan 11 26.823 0.86
j9e008orq −39.66 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −38.93 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −37.92 2006 Jan 13 27.703 1.36
j9e010sgq −38.12 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −37.12 2006 Jan 13 27.033 0.94
j9e011uaq −37.17 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −36.13 2006 Jan 14 26.613 0.79
j9e012wzq −36.37 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −35.33 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq −35.53 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −34.53 2006 Jan 16 26.903 0.88
j9e014enq −34.65 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −33.66 2006 Jan 17 27.243 1.09
j9e015iyq −33.65 2006 Jan 18 25.031 0.526 j9e015irq −32.66 2006 Jan 18 26.223 0.68 −1.192 0.860
j9e016m9q −32.65 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −31.59 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq −30.60 2006 Jan 20
j9e018r9q −30.65 2006 Jan 21 25.076 0.500 j9e018r2q −29.67 2006 Jan 21
j9e019umq −29.65 2006 Jan 22 25.410 0.625 j9e019ufq −28.67 2006 Jan 22 25.853 0.39 −0.443 0.737
j9e020cdq −28.59 2006 Jan 23 25.587 0.939 j9e020c6q −27.60 2006 Jan 23
j9e021f9q −27.58 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −26.54 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq −26.58 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −25.54 2006 Jan 25
j9e023llq −25.58 2006 Jan 26 25.721 0.772 j9e023leq −24.54 2006 Jan 26 26.363 0.62 −0.642 0.990
j9e024p5q −24.64 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −23.61 2006 Jan 27 27.703 1.25
j9e025sdq −23.64 2006 Jan 28 25.003 0.507 j9e025s6q −22.61 2006 Jan 28 27.153 0.95 −2.150 1.077
j9e026vxq −22.64 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −21.71 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −20.74 2006 Jan 30 26.463 0.67
j9e028ejq −20.65 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq −19.61 2006 Jan 31 27.953 1.63
j9e029h6q −19.73 2006 Feb 01 j9e029gzq −18.74 2006 Feb 01 27.153 1.03
j9e030khq −18.73 2006 Feb 02 25.809 0.906 j9e030kaq −17.74 2006 Feb 02 26.553 0.67 −0.744 1.127
j9e031ndq −17.79 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q −16.79 2006 Feb 03 27.113 1.03    
j9e032pxq −16.85 2006 Feb 04 25.257 0.608
j9e033smq −16.05 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq −15.06 2006 Feb 05
j9e034w9q −14.26 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq −13.34 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq −13.34 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq −12.52 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q −12.48 2006 Feb 07 28.383 1.99
j9e037gnq −11.68 2006 Feb 08 j9e037ggq −11.67 2006 Feb 08 26.913 0.85
j9e038k1q −10.87 2006 Feb 09 25.243 0.568 j9e038juq −10.87 2006 Feb 09
j9e039m9q −10.06 2006 Feb 10 25.376 0.643 j9e039m2q −10.07 2006 Feb 10
j9e040q6q −9.21 2006 Feb 10 j9e040pzq −9.21 2006 Feb 10
j9e041rwq −8.41 2006 Feb 11 25.009 0.482
j9e042u8q −7.59 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q −7.55 2006 Feb 12
j9e043dmq −6.74 2006 Feb 13 25.084 0.461 j9e043dfq −6.74 2006 Feb 13 25.583 0.34 −0.499 0.573
j9e044h0q −5.94 2006 Feb 14 25.207 0.582 j9e044gtq −5.94 2006 Feb 14
j9e045j6q −5.13 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq −4.33 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq −3.53 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq −3.53 2006 Feb 16
j9e068qxq −2.73 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq −1.93 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q −1.93 2006 Feb 18 24.453 0.15
j9e076v4q −0.99 2006 Feb 19 23.312 0.121 j9e076uxq −0.96 2006 Feb 19 23.163 0.05 0.149 0.131
j9e086aoq 0.00 2006 Feb 20 22.738 0.064 j9e086ahq 0.04 2006 Feb 20 22.283 0.02 0.455 0.067
j9e092e9q 0.87 2006 Feb 21 23.043 0.063 j9e092e2q 0.91 2006 Feb 20 22.293 0.03 0.750 0.070
j9e048fzq 1.46 2006 Feb 21 23.307 0.091
j9e094giq 1.71 2006 Feb 21 23.450 0.110
j9e049wmq 6.53 2006 Feb 26 24.382 0.283 j9e049wfq 6.57 2006 Feb 26 24.013 0.09 0.369 0.297
j9e0a1bhq 7.37 2006 Feb 27 24.649 0.351 j9e0a6fzq 7.37 2006 Mar 01 23.973 0.09 0.676 0.362
j9e0a5drq 8.19 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 8.98 2006 Mar 01 25.078 0.473 j9e0b8jvq 8.98 2006 Mar 02 24.823 0.18 0.255 0.506
j9e0b8k2q 10.00 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 10.03 2006 Mar 03 24.673 0.16
j9e0a8p0q 11.11 2006 Mar 03 j9e050tqq 11.10 2006 Mar 04 24.493 0.13
j9e050txq 12.44 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 12.44 2006 Mar 05 24.803 0.17
j9e0c4xiq 13.31 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 13.30 2007 Feb 27 24.793 0.18
M87 Nova 5
j9e001zdq −46.51 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −46.51 2005 Dec 24 27.373 0.47
j9e002hgq −41.57 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −41.53 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −36.51 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −35.47 2006 Jan 03 29.023 1.39
j9e004atq −31.26 2006 Jan 08 27.522 0.531 j9e004amq −30.27 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −30.40 2006 Jan 09 27.581 0.737 j9e005d0q −29.40 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −29.14 2006 Jan 10 27.570 0.598 j9e006ixq −28.20 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −28.01 2006 Jan 11 26.978 0.400 j9e007lpq −27.01 2006 Jan 11 29.743 2.01 −2.765 2.049
j9e008orq −27.14 2006 Jan 12 27.626 0.688
j9e009qlq −26.41 2006 Jan 13 26.722 0.329 j9e009geq −25.40 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −25.60 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −24.60 2006 Jan 13
j9e011uaq −24.65 2006 Jan 14 27.433 0.764 j9e011u3q −23.61 2006 Jan 14 28.463 1.07 −1.030 1.315
j9e012wzq −23.85 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −22.81 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq −23.01 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −22.01 2006 Jan 16 27.883 0.74
j9e014enq −22.13 2006 Jan 17 27.906 0.909 j9e014egq −21.14 2006 Jan 17 28.953 1.33 −1.047 1.611
j9e015iyq −21.13 2006 Jan 18 27.827 0.819 j9e015irq −20.14 2006 Jan 18 27.753 0.65 0.074 1.046
j9e016m9q −20.13 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −19.07 2006 Jan 20 27.358 0.533 j9e017okq −18.08 2006 Jan 20
j9e018r9q −18.13 2006 Jan 21 j9e018r2q −17.15 2006 Jan 21 28.133 0.76
j9e019umq −17.13 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −16.15 2006 Jan 22 28.333 0.94
j9e020cdq −16.07 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −15.08 2006 Jan 23
j9e021f9q −15.06 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −14.02 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq −14.06 2006 Jan 25 26.872 0.481 j9e022heq −13.02 2006 Jan 25
j9e023llq −13.06 2006 Jan 26 27.338 0.504 j9e023leq −12.02 2006 Jan 26
j9e024p5q −12.12 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −11.09 2006 Jan 27
j9e025sdq −11.12 2006 Jan 28 27.632 0.926 j9e025s6q −10.09 2006 Jan 28 28.753 1.13 −1.121 1.461
j9e026vxq −10.12 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −9.19 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −8.22 2006 Jan 30 27.593 0.55
j9e028ejq −8.13 2006 Jan 31 27.811 0.872 j9e028ecq −7.09 2006 Jan 31
j9e029h6q −7.21 2006 Feb 01 j9e029gzq −6.22 2006 Feb 01 27.003 0.37
j9e030khq −6.21 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq −5.22 2006 Feb 02
j9e031ndq −5.27 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q −4.27 2006 Feb 03
j9e032pxq −4.33 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq −3.53 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq −2.54 2006 Feb 05 29.153 1.65
j9e034w9q −1.74 2006 Feb 05 25.406 0.102
j9e035bkq −0.82 2006 Feb 06 23.580 0.027 j9e035bdq −0.82 2006 Feb 06 23.293 0.02 0.287 0.034
j9e036dbq 0.00 2006 Feb 07 22.888 0.015 j9e036d4q 0.04 2006 Feb 07 22.813 0.02 0.075 0.025
j9e037gnq 0.84 2006 Feb 08 23.184 0.016 j9e037ggq 0.85 2006 Feb 08 22.703 0.01 0.481 0.019
j9e038k1q 1.65 2006 Feb 09 23.538 0.021 j9e038juq 1.65 2006 Feb 09 22.983 0.01 0.555 0.023
j9e039m9q 2.46 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q 2.45 2006 Feb 10 23.043 0.02
j9e040q6q 3.31 2006 Feb 10 23.911 0.028 j9e040pzq 3.31 2006 Feb 10 23.323 0.02 0.588 0.034
j9e041rwq 4.11 2006 Feb 11 24.004 0.031
j9e042u8q 4.93 2006 Feb 12 24.328 0.046 j9e042u1q 4.97 2006 Feb 12 23.853 0.03 0.475 0.055
j9e043dmq 5.78 2006 Feb 13 24.325 0.040 j9e043dfq 5.78 2006 Feb 13 23.883 0.03 0.442 0.050
j9e044h0q 6.58 2006 Feb 14 24.557 0.053 j9e044gtq 6.58 2006 Feb 14 24.073 0.03 0.484 0.061
j9e045j6q 7.39 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 8.19 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 8.99 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq 8.99 2006 Feb 16 24.383 0.05
j9e068qxq 9.79 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 10.59 2006 Feb 18 25.300 0.100 j9e073t8q 10.59 2006 Feb 18 24.753 0.06 0.547 0.117
j9e076v4q 11.53 2006 Feb 19 25.253 0.095 j9e076uxq 11.56 2006 Feb 19 25.373 0.11 −0.120 0.145
j9e086aoq 12.52 2006 Feb 20 25.088 0.079 j9e086ahq 12.56 2006 Feb 20 24.933 0.08 0.155 0.112
j9e092e9q 13.39 2006 Feb 21 25.252 0.088 j9e092e2q 13.43 2006 Feb 20 25.083 0.08 0.169 0.119
j9e048fzq 13.98 2006 Feb 21 25.363 0.107
j9e094giq 14.23 2006 Feb 21 25.471 0.135
j9e049wmq 19.05 2006 Feb 26 26.038 0.179 j9e049wfq 19.09 2006 Feb 26 25.693 0.13 0.345 0.221
j9e0a1bhq 19.89 2006 Feb 27 25.647 0.112 j9e0a6fzq 19.89 2006 Mar 01 25.633 0.13 0.014 0.172
j9e0a5drq 20.71 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 21.50 2006 Mar 01 j9e0b8jvq 21.50 2006 Mar 02 25.863 0.16
j9e0b8k2q 22.52 2006 Mar 02 25.839 0.136 j9e0a8otq 22.55 2006 Mar 03 25.563 0.11 0.276 0.175
j9e0a8p0q 23.63 2006 Mar 03 26.952 0.377 j9e050tqq 23.62 2006 Mar 04 25.953 0.15 0.999 0.406
j9e050txq 24.96 2006 Mar 04 26.107 0.188 j9e0c4cbq 24.96 2006 Mar 05 25.973 0.16 0.134 0.247
j9e0c4xiq 25.83 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 25.82 2007 Feb 27 25.893 0.16
M87 Nova 6
j9e001zdq −18.50 2005 Dec 24 26.474 0.616 j9e001z6q −18.50 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −13.56 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −13.52 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −8.50 2006 Jan 03 26.108 0.483 j9e003czq −7.46 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −3.25 2006 Jan 08 25.775 0.461 j9e004amq −2.26 2006 Jan 08 28.493 1.58 −2.718 1.646
j9e005d7q −2.39 2006 Jan 09 24.677 0.123 j9e005d0q −1.39 2006 Jan 09 24.813 0.12 −0.136 0.172
j9e006j4q −1.13 2006 Jan 10 23.641 0.047 j9e006ixq −0.19 2006 Jan 10 23.583 0.04 0.058 0.062
j9e007lwq 0.00 2006 Jan 11 22.989 0.031 j9e007lpq 1.00 2006 Jan 11 22.843 0.02 0.146 0.037
j9e008orq 0.87 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq 1.60 2006 Jan 13 23.471 0.040 j9e009geq 2.61 2006 Jan 13 23.003 0.03 0.468 0.050
j9e010sgq 2.41 2006 Jan 14 23.321 0.038 j9e010s9q 3.41 2006 Jan 13 22.743 0.02 0.578 0.043
j9e011uaq 3.36 2006 Jan 14 23.609 0.053 j9e011u3q 4.40 2006 Jan 14 23.393 0.04 0.216 0.066
j9e012wzq 4.16 2006 Jan 15 23.874 0.070 j9e012wsq 5.20 2006 Jan 15 23.443 0.04 0.431 0.081
j9e013ceq 5.00 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 6.00 2006 Jan 16 23.463 0.04    
j9e014enq 5.88 2006 Jan 17 23.838 0.070 j9e014egq 6.87 2006 Jan 17 23.543 0.05 0.295 0.086
j9e015iyq 6.88 2006 Jan 18 23.941 0.065 j9e015irq 7.87 2006 Jan 18 23.883 0.06 0.058 0.088
j9e016m9q 7.88 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq 8.94 2006 Jan 20 24.067 0.080 j9e017okq 9.93 2006 Jan 20 23.943 0.06 0.124 0.100
j9e018r9q 9.88 2006 Jan 21 24.420 0.092 j9e018r2q 10.86 2006 Jan 21 24.153 0.07 0.267 0.116
j9e019umq 10.88 2006 Jan 22 24.209 0.084 j9e019ufq 11.86 2006 Jan 22 24.203 0.07 0.006 0.109
j9e020cdq 11.94 2006 Jan 23 24.616 0.126 j9e020c6q 12.93 2006 Jan 23 24.483 0.09 0.133 0.155
j9e021f9q 12.95 2006 Jan 24 24.942 0.162 j9e021f2q 13.99 2006 Jan 24 24.813 0.11 0.129 0.196
j9e022hlq 13.95 2006 Jan 25 25.364 0.220 j9e022heq 14.99 2006 Jan 25 25.163 0.17 0.201 0.278
j9e023llq 14.95 2006 Jan 26 24.856 0.148 j9e023leq 15.99 2006 Jan 26 25.023 0.17 −0.167 0.225
j9e024p5q 15.89 2006 Jan 27 24.841 0.169 j9e024oyq 16.92 2006 Jan 27 24.993 0.13 −0.152 0.213
j9e025sdq 16.89 2006 Jan 28 25.347 0.278 j9e025s6q 17.92 2006 Jan 28 25.633 0.24 −0.286 0.367
j9e026vxq 17.89 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 18.82 2006 Jan 30 25.108 0.239 j9e027beq 19.79 2006 Jan 30 26.073 0.33 −0.965 0.407
j9e028ejq 19.88 2006 Jan 31 25.491 0.257 j9e028ecq 20.92 2006 Jan 31 25.743 0.26 −0.252 0.366
j9e029h6q 20.80 2006 Feb 01 25.125 0.216 j9e029gzq 21.79 2006 Feb 01 25.313 0.19 −0.188 0.288
j9e030khq 21.80 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq 22.79 2006 Feb 02 25.543 0.24    
j9e031ndq 22.74 2006 Feb 03 26.333 0.571 j9e031n6q 23.74 2006 Feb 03 27.573 0.92 −1.240 1.083
j9e032pxq 23.68 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 24.48 2006 Feb 05 25.348 0.241 j9e033sfq 25.47 2006 Feb 05 25.693 0.28 −0.345 0.369
j9e034w9q 26.27 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 27.19 2006 Feb 06 25.303 0.243 j9e035bdq 27.19 2006 Feb 06 25.883 0.29 −0.580 0.378
j9e036dbq 28.01 2006 Feb 07 25.428 0.316 j9e036d4q 28.05 2006 Feb 07 27.263 0.86 −1.835 0.916
j9e037gnq 28.85 2006 Feb 08 25.910 0.385 j9e037ggq 28.86 2006 Feb 08 26.673 0.50 −0.763 0.631
j9e038k1q 29.66 2006 Feb 09 25.539 0.275 j9e038juq 29.66 2006 Feb 09 26.033 0.34 −0.494 0.437
j9e039m9q 30.47 2006 Feb 10 26.464 0.671 j9e039m2q 30.46 2006 Feb 10 25.993 0.31 0.471 0.739
j9e040q6q 31.32 2006 Feb 10 25.637 0.365 j9e040pzq 31.32 2006 Feb 10 26.753 0.54 −1.116 0.652
j9e041rwq 32.12 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 32.94 2006 Feb 12 25.758 0.434 j9e042u1q 32.98 2006 Feb 12 26.063 0.32 −0.305 0.539
j9e043dmq 33.79 2006 Feb 13 25.129 0.190 j9e043dfq 33.79 2006 Feb 13 26.593 0.45 −1.464 0.488
j9e044h0q 34.59 2006 Feb 14 25.950 0.385 j9e044gtq 34.59 2006 Feb 14 27.443 0.92 −1.493 0.997
j9e045j6q 35.40 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 36.20 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 37.00 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq 37.00 2006 Feb 16 27.963 1.17
j9e068qxq 37.80 2006 Feb 17        
j9e073tfq 38.60 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q 38.60 2006 Feb 18
j9e076v4q 39.54 2006 Feb 19 25.926 0.555 j9e076uxq 39.57 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq 40.53 2006 Feb 20 25.872 0.515 j9e086ahq 40.57 2006 Feb 20 27.413 0.92 −1.541 1.054
j9e092e9q 41.40 2006 Feb 21 25.971 0.372 j9e092e2q 41.44 2006 Feb 20 26.863 0.62 −0.892 0.723
j9e048fzq 41.99 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 42.24 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 47.06 2006 Feb 26 26.004 0.528 j9e049wfq 47.10 2006 Feb 26 27.713 1.02 −1.709 1.149
j9e0a1bhq 47.90 2006 Feb 27 25.628 0.325 j9e0a6fzq 47.90 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq 48.72 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 49.51 2006 Mar 01 26.206 0.629 j9e0b8jvq 49.51 2006 Mar 02 29.113 2.19 −2.907 2.279
j9e0b8k2q 50.53 2006 Mar 02 25.408 0.283 j9e0a8otq 50.56 2006 Mar 03
j9e0a8p0q 51.64 2006 Mar 03 26.761 0.681 j9e050tqq 51.63 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 52.97 2006 Mar 04 26.225 0.497 j9e0c4cbq 52.97 2006 Mar 05 27.483 0.89 −1.258 1.019
j9e0c4xiq 53.84 2006 Mar 05 26.491 0.726 j9e0a1baq 53.83 2007 Feb 27
M87 Nova 7
j9e001zdq −27.44 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −27.44 2005 Dec 24 26.022 0.47
j9e002hgq −22.50 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −22.46 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −17.44 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −16.40 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −12.19 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −11.20 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −11.33 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −10.33 2006 Jan 09 27.275 1.40
j9e006j4q −10.07 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −9.13 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −8.94 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −7.94 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −8.07 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −7.34 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −6.33 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −6.53 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −5.53 2006 Jan 13
j9e011uaq −5.58 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −4.54 2006 Jan 14
j9e012wzq −4.78 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −3.74 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq −3.94 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −2.94 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −3.06 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −2.07 2006 Jan 17
j9e015iyq −2.06 2006 Jan 18 25.501 0.653 j9e015irq −1.07 2006 Jan 18
j9e016m9q −1.06 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq 0.00 2006 Jan 20 23.210 0.086 j9e017okq 0.99 2006 Jan 20 23.612 0.05 −0.402 0.098
j9e018r9q 0.94 2006 Jan 21 j9e018r2q 1.92 2006 Jan 21
j9e019umq 1.94 2006 Jan 22 23.792 0.150 j9e019ufq 2.92 2006 Jan 22 23.675 0.05 0.117 0.158
j9e020cdq 3.00 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q 3.99 2006 Jan 23
j9e021f9q 4.01 2006 Jan 24 23.791 0.148 j9e021f2q 5.05 2006 Jan 24 24.271 0.10 −0.480 0.176
j9e022hlq 5.01 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq 6.05 2006 Jan 25
j9e023llq 6.01 2006 Jan 26 24.275 0.236 j9e023leq 7.05 2006 Jan 26 24.691 0.13 −0.416 0.270
j9e024p5q 6.95 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq 7.98 2006 Jan 27
j9e025sdq 7.95 2006 Jan 28 25.345 0.572 j9e025s6q 8.98 2006 Jan 28 25.195 0.20 0.150 0.605
j9e026vxq 8.95 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 9.88 2006 Jan 30 25.387 0.654 j9e027beq 10.85 2006 Jan 30 25.058 0.17 0.329 0.675
j9e028ejq 10.94 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq 11.98 2006 Jan 31
j9e029h6q 11.86 2006 Feb 01 24.694 0.346 j9e029gzq 12.85 2006 Feb 01 25.524 0.25 −0.830 0.424
j9e030khq 12.86 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq 13.85 2006 Feb 02
j9e031ndq 13.80 2006 Feb 03 24.990 0.430 j9e031n6q 14.80 2006 Feb 03 25.710 0.30 −0.720 0.522
j9e032pxq 14.74 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 15.54 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq 16.53 2006 Feb 05 26.427 0.63
j9e034w9q 17.33 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 18.25 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq 18.25 2006 Feb 06 26.098 0.41
j9e036dbq 19.07 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q 19.11 2006 Feb 07
j9e037gnq 19.91 2006 Feb 08 25.089 0.459 j9e037ggq 19.92 2006 Feb 08 26.388 0.64 −1.299 0.786
j9e038k1q 20.72 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq 20.72 2006 Feb 09
j9e039m9q 21.53 2006 Feb 10 25.116 0.479 j9e039m2q 21.52 2006 Feb 10 26.933 0.99 −1.817 1.102
j9e040q6q 22.38 2006 Feb 10 j9e040pzq 22.38 2006 Feb 10
j9e041rwq 23.18 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 24.00 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q 24.04 2006 Feb 12
j9e043dmq 24.85 2006 Feb 13 j9e043dfq 24.85 2006 Feb 13
j9e044h0q 25.65 2006 Feb 14 j9e044gtq 25.65 2006 Feb 14
j9e045j6q 26.46 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 27.26 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 28.06 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq 28.06 2006 Feb 16
j9e068qxq 28.86 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 29.66 2006 Feb 18 25.475 0.646 j9e073t8q 29.66 2006 Feb 18
j9e076v4q 30.60 2006 Feb 19 j9e076uxq 30.63 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq 31.59 2006 Feb 20 25.660 0.835 j9e086ahq 31.63 2006 Feb 20
j9e092e9q 32.46 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q 32.50 2006 Feb 20
j9e048fzq 33.05 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 33.30 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 38.12 2006 Feb 26 j9e049wfq 38.16 2006 Feb 26
j9e0a1bhq 38.96 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq 38.96 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq 39.78 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 40.57 2006 Mar 01 j9e0b8jvq 40.57 2006 Mar 02
j9e0b8k2q 41.59 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 41.62 2006 Mar 03
j9e0a8p0q 42.70 2006 Mar 03 j9e050tqq 42.69 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 44.03 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 44.03 2006 Mar 05
j9e0c4xiq 44.90 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 44.89 2007 Feb 27
M87 Nova 8
j9e001zdq −70.14 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −70.14 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −65.20 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −65.16 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −60.14 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −59.10 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −54.89 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −53.90 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −54.03 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −53.03 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −52.77 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −51.83 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −51.64 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −50.64 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −50.77 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −50.04 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −49.03 2006 Jan 13 28.783 1.64
j9e010sgq −49.23 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −48.23 2006 Jan 13
j9e011uaq −48.28 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −47.24 2006 Jan 14 29.923 2.61
j9e012wzq −47.48 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −46.44 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq −46.64 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −45.64 2006 Jan 16 29.433 2.22
j9e014enq −45.76 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −44.77 2006 Jan 17 27.103 0.71
j9e015iyq −44.76 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −43.77 2006 Jan 18 27.513 0.86
j9e016m9q −43.76 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −42.70 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq −41.71 2006 Jan 20 26.813 0.57
j9e018r9q −41.76 2006 Jan 21 j9e018r2q −40.78 2006 Jan 21 27.443 0.82
j9e019umq −40.76 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −39.78 2006 Jan 22 26.443 0.39
j9e020cdq −39.70 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −38.71 2006 Jan 23 29.463 2.22
j9e021f9q −38.69 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −37.65 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq −37.69 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −36.65 2006 Jan 25 28.243 1.35
j9e023llq −36.69 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq −35.65 2006 Jan 26 27.393 0.64
j9e024p5q −35.75 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −34.72 2006 Jan 27 26.573 0.42
j9e025sdq −34.75 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −33.72 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −33.75 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −32.82 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −31.85 2006 Jan 30
j9e028ejq −31.76 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq −30.72 2006 Jan 31 27.173 0.64
j9e029h6q −30.84 2006 Feb 01 j9e029gzq −29.85 2006 Feb 01
j9e030khq −29.84 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq −28.85 2006 Feb 02
j9e031ndq −28.90 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q −27.90 2006 Feb 03 28.823 1.71
j9e032pxq −27.96 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq −27.16 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq −26.17 2006 Feb 05 31.803 4.46
j9e034w9q −25.37 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq −24.45 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq −24.45 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq −23.63 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q −23.59 2006 Feb 07 29.113 1.94
j9e037gnq −22.79 2006 Feb 08 j9e037ggq −22.78 2006 Feb 08
j9e038k1q −21.98 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq −21.98 2006 Feb 09
j9e039m9q −21.17 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q −21.18 2006 Feb 10 27.373 0.71
j9e040q6q −20.32 2006 Feb 10 j9e040pzq −20.32 2006 Feb 10
j9e041rwq −19.52 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q −18.70 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q −18.66 2006 Feb 12
j9e043dmq −17.85 2006 Feb 13 j9e043dfq −17.85 2006 Feb 13
j9e044h0q −17.05 2006 Feb 14 j9e044gtq −17.05 2006 Feb 14
j9e045j6q −16.24 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq −15.44 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq −14.64 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq −14.64 2006 Feb 16 27.313 0.83
j9e068qxq −13.84 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq −13.04 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q −13.04 2006 Feb 18
j9e076v4q −12.10 2006 Feb 19 j9e076uxq −12.07 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq −11.11 2006 Feb 20 j9e086ahq −11.07 2006 Feb 20 27.793 0.93
j9e092e9q −10.24 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q −10.20 2006 Feb 20
j9e048fzq −9.65 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq −9.40 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq −4.58 2006 Feb 26 j9e049wfq −4.54 2006 Feb 26
j9e0a1bhq −3.74 2006 Feb 27 26.736 0.577 j9e0a6fzq −3.74 2006 Mar 01 25.683 0.20 1.053 0.611
j9e0a5drq −2.92 2006 Feb 28 23.583 0.04
j9e0a6g6q −2.13 2006 Mar 01 23.840 0.052 j9e0b8jvq −2.13 2006 Mar 02
j9e0b8k2q −1.11 2006 Mar 02 23.513 0.030 j9e0a8otq −1.08 2006 Mar 03 23.003 0.02 0.510 0.036
j9e0a8p0q 0.00 2006 Mar 03 23.372 0.027 j9e050tqq −0.01 2006 Mar 04 22.953 0.02 0.419 0.034
j9e050txq 1.33 2006 Mar 04 24.447 0.082 j9e0c4cbq 1.33 2006 Mar 05 23.733 0.04 0.714 0.091
j9e0c4xiq 2.20 2006 Mar 05 24.292 0.072 j9e0a1baq 2.19 2007 Feb 27 23.823 0.04 0.469 0.082
M87 Nova 9
j9e001zdq 0.00 2005 Dec 24 23.424 0.038 j9e001z6q 0.00 2005 Dec 24 24.967 0.11 −1.543 0.120
j9e002hgq 4.94 2005 Dec 29 24.881 0.141 j9e002h9q 4.98 2005 Dec 29 25.273 0.12 −0.392 0.183
j9e003d6q 10.00 2006 Jan 03 24.857 0.127 j9e003czq 11.04 2006 Jan 03 25.405 0.15 −0.548 0.193
j9e004atq 15.25 2006 Jan 08 25.426 0.180 j9e004amq 16.24 2006 Jan 08 28.870 3.52 −3.444 3.528
j9e005d7q 16.11 2006 Jan 09 25.205 0.146 j9e005d0q 17.11 2006 Jan 09 26.592 0.44 −1.387 0.460
j9e006j4q 17.37 2006 Jan 10 26.093 0.433 j9e006ixq 18.31 2006 Jan 10 25.717 0.23 0.376 0.489
j9e007lwq 18.50 2006 Jan 11 25.358 0.177 j9e007lpq 19.50 2006 Jan 11 26.057 0.30 −0.699 0.349
j9e008orq 19.37 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq 20.10 2006 Jan 13 25.307 0.163 j9e009geq 21.11 2006 Jan 13 26.716 0.51 −1.409 0.535
j9e010sgq 20.91 2006 Jan 14 25.550 0.260 j9e010s9q 21.91 2006 Jan 13 25.952 0.22 −0.402 0.341
j9e011uaq 21.86 2006 Jan 14 25.158 0.154 j9e011u3q 22.90 2006 Jan 14 26.136 0.26 −0.978 0.300
j9e012wzq 22.66 2006 Jan 15 25.533 0.227 j9e012wsq 23.70 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq 23.50 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 24.50 2006 Jan 16 26.618 0.46
j9e014enq 24.38 2006 Jan 17 25.558 0.158 j9e014egq 25.37 2006 Jan 17 27.951 1.53 −2.393 1.536
j9e015iyq 25.38 2006 Jan 18 25.189 0.174 j9e015irq 26.37 2006 Jan 18
j9e016m9q 26.38 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq 27.44 2006 Jan 20 25.473 0.162 j9e017okq 28.43 2006 Jan 20 27.187 0.81 −1.714 0.828
j9e018r9q 28.38 2006 Jan 21 25.464 0.209 j9e018r2q 29.36 2006 Jan 21 28.246 2.00 −2.782 2.012
j9e019umq 29.38 2006 Jan 22 25.647 0.221 j9e019ufq 30.36 2006 Jan 22
j9e020cdq 30.44 2006 Jan 23 25.788 0.342 j9e020c6q 31.43 2006 Jan 23 26.297 0.40 −0.509 0.522
j9e021f9q 31.45 2006 Jan 24 25.674 0.264 j9e021f2q 32.49 2006 Jan 24 26.634 0.41 −0.960 0.490
j9e022hlq 32.45 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq 33.49 2006 Jan 25 28.728 3.57
j9e023llq 33.45 2006 Jan 26 26.124 0.437 j9e023leq 34.49 2006 Jan 26 27.292 0.86 −1.168 0.960
j9e024p5q 34.39 2006 Jan 27 26.152 0.436 j9e024oyq 35.42 2006 Jan 27 29.859 8.63 −3.707 8.638
j9e025sdq 35.39 2006 Jan 28 25.616 0.197 j9e025s6q 36.42 2006 Jan 28 27.881 1.42 −2.265 1.430
j9e026vxq 36.39 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 37.32 2006 Jan 30 25.441 0.188 j9e027beq 38.29 2006 Jan 30 26.818 0.53 −1.377 0.566
j9e028ejq 38.38 2006 Jan 31 25.352 0.200 j9e028ecq 39.42 2006 Jan 31 28.275 2.21 −2.923 2.215
j9e029h6q 39.30 2006 Feb 01 26.491 0.532 j9e029gzq 40.29 2006 Feb 01
j9e030khq 40.30 2006 Feb 02 25.750 0.313 j9e030kaq 41.29 2006 Feb 02
j9e031ndq 41.24 2006 Feb 03 26.649 0.614 j9e031n6q 42.24 2006 Feb 03 26.917 0.53 −0.268 0.814
j9e032pxq 42.18 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 42.98 2006 Feb 05 25.871 0.291 j9e033sfq 43.97 2006 Feb 05
j9e034w9q 44.77 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 45.69 2006 Feb 06 25.744 0.186 j9e035bdq 45.69 2006 Feb 06 28.983 3.88 −3.239 3.881
j9e036dbq 46.51 2006 Feb 07 25.698 0.279 j9e036d4q 46.55 2006 Feb 07
j9e037gnq 47.35 2006 Feb 08 25.769 0.235 j9e037ggq 47.36 2006 Feb 08 27.804 1.26 −2.035 1.281
j9e038k1q 48.16 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq 48.16 2006 Feb 09 26.345 0.32
j9e039m9q 48.97 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q 48.96 2006 Feb 10 27.835 1.29
j9e040q6q 49.82 2006 Feb 10 25.682 0.291 j9e040pzq 49.82 2006 Feb 10 26.838 0.52 −1.156 0.596
j9e041rwq 50.62 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 51.44 2006 Feb 12 26.451 0.532 j9e042u1q 51.48 2006 Feb 12 26.917 0.60 −0.466 0.799
j9e043dmq 52.29 2006 Feb 13 25.782 0.254 j9e043dfq 52.29 2006 Feb 13 27.158 0.68 −1.376 0.727
j9e044h0q 53.09 2006 Feb 14 26.126 0.400 j9e044gtq 53.09 2006 Feb 14
j9e045j6q 53.90 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 54.70 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 55.50 2006 Feb 16 26.486 0.531 j9e047ogq 55.50 2006 Feb 16 27.185 0.65 −0.699 0.839
j9e068qxq 56.30 2006 Feb 17 26.025 0.357
j9e073tfq 57.10 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q 57.10 2006 Feb 18 26.059 0.26 −0.034 0.442
j9e076v4q 58.04 2006 Feb 19 25.998 0.341 j9e076uxq 58.07 2006 Feb 19 26.259 0.35
j9e086aoq 59.03 2006 Feb 20 26.263 0.452 j9e086ahq 59.07 2006 Feb 20 26.421 0.41 −0.423 0.531
j9e092e9q 59.90 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q 59.94 2006 Feb 20
j9e048fzq 60.49 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 60.74 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 65.56 2006 Feb 26 26.520 0.605 j9e049wfq 65.60 2006 Feb 26
j9e0a1bhq 66.40 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq 66.40 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq 67.22 2006 Feb 28 25.882 0.393
j9e0a6g6q 68.01 2006 Mar 01 25.823 0.260 j9e0b8jvq 68.01 2006 Mar 02 27.954 1.33 −2.072 1.386
j9e0b8k2q 69.03 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 69.06 2006 Mar 03
j9e0a8p0q 70.14 2006 Mar 03 26.243 0.431 j9e050tqq 70.13 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 71.47 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 71.47 2006 Mar 05
j9e0c4xiq 72.34 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 72.33 2007 Feb 27
M87 Nova 10
j9e001zdq −31.45 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −31.45 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −26.51 2005 Dec 29 26.078 0.367 j9e002h9q −26.47 2005 Dec 29 28.66 1.59 −2.585 1.632
j9e003d6q −21.45 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −20.41 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −16.20 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −15.21 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −15.34 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −14.34 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −14.08 2006 Jan 10 26.695 0.866 j9e006ixq −13.14 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −12.95 2006 Jan 11 26.440 0.497 j9e007lpq −11.95 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −12.08 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −11.35 2006 Jan 13 26.432 0.524 j9e009geq −10.34 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −10.54 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −9.54 2006 Jan 13
j9e011uaq −9.59 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −8.55 2006 Jan 14
j9e012wzq −8.79 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −7.75 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq −7.95 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −6.95 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −7.07 2006 Jan 17 26.571 0.642 j9e014egq −6.08 2006 Jan 17
j9e015iyq −6.07 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −5.08 2006 Jan 18
j9e016m9q −5.07 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −4.01 2006 Jan 20 25.437 0.232 j9e017okq −3.02 2006 Jan 20 25.96 0.28 −0.526 0.364
j9e018r9q −3.07 2006 Jan 21 25.107 0.182 j9e018r2q −2.09 2006 Jan 21 25.28 0.18 −0.176 0.256
j9e019umq −2.07 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −1.09 2006 Jan 22 24.61 0.09
j9e020cdq −1.01 2006 Jan 23 24.284 0.096 j9e020c6q −0.02 2006 Jan 23 23.78 0.05 0.501 0.108
j9e021f9q 0.00 2006 Jan 24 23.507 0.040 j9e021f2q 1.04 2006 Jan 24 23.27 0.03 0.234 0.05
j9e022hlq 1.00 2006 Jan 25 24.082 0.076 j9e022heq 2.04 2006 Jan 25 23.72 0.05 0.359 0.091
j9e023llq 2.00 2006 Jan 26 24.958 0.147 j9e023leq 3.04 2006 Jan 26 24.30 0.08 0.655 0.167
j9e024p5q 2.94 2006 Jan 27 24.626 0.109 j9e024oyq 3.97 2006 Jan 27 24.32 0.06 0.303 0.124
j9e025sdq 3.94 2006 Jan 28 24.225 0.080 j9e025s6q 4.97 2006 Jan 28 23.99 0.06 0.232 0.1
j9e026vxq 4.94 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 5.87 2006 Jan 30 24.368 0.094 j9e027beq 6.84 2006 Jan 30 23.92 0.05 0.445 0.106
j9e028ejq 6.93 2006 Jan 31 24.102 0.078 j9e028ecq 7.97 2006 Jan 31 23.73 0.04 0.369 0.088
j9e029h6q 7.85 2006 Feb 01 24.185 0.073 j9e029gzq 8.84 2006 Feb 01 23.78 0.05 0.402 0.088
j9e030khq 8.85 2006 Feb 02 25.057 0.199 j9e030kaq 9.84 2006 Feb 02 24.58 0.08 0.474 0.214
j9e031ndq 9.79 2006 Feb 03 25.224 0.197 j9e031n6q 10.79 2006 Feb 03 25.08 0.14 0.141 0.242
j9e032pxq 10.73 2006 Feb 04 24.840 0.095
j9e033smq 11.53 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq 12.52 2006 Feb 05 25.26 0.17
j9e034w9q 13.32 2006 Feb 05 25.045 0.142
j9e035bkq 14.24 2006 Feb 06 25.050 0.151 j9e035bdq 14.24 2006 Feb 06 25.04 0.13 0.007 0.199
j9e036dbq 15.06 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q 15.10 2006 Feb 07 25.09 0.14
j9e037gnq 15.90 2006 Feb 08 24.928 0.147 j9e037ggq 15.91 2006 Feb 08 25.01 0.15 −0.085 0.21
j9e038k1q 16.71 2006 Feb 09 25.250 0.217 j9e038juq 16.71 2006 Feb 09 24.94 0.12 0.307 0.248
j9e039m9q 17.52 2006 Feb 10 25.117 0.146 j9e039m2q 17.51 2006 Feb 10 24.79 0.09 0.324 0.172
j9e040q6q 18.37 2006 Feb 10 25.946 0.394 j9e040pzq 18.37 2006 Feb 10 25.20 0.15 0.743 0.422
j9e041rwq 19.17 2006 Feb 11 25.896 0.356
j9e042u8q 19.99 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q 20.03 2006 Feb 12 25.03 0.13
j9e043dmq 20.84 2006 Feb 13 25.718 0.365 j9e043dfq 20.84 2006 Feb 13 25.39 0.21 0.325 0.421
j9e044h0q 21.64 2006 Feb 14 25.987 0.474 j9e044gtq 21.64 2006 Feb 14 25.66 0.23 0.324 0.527
j9e045j6q 22.45 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 23.25 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 24.05 2006 Feb 16 24.965 0.142 j9e047ogq 24.05 2006 Feb 16 25.33 0.18 −0.368 0.229
j9e068qxq 24.85 2006 Feb 17 25.490 0.260
j9e073tfq 25.65 2006 Feb 18 25.418 0.176 j9e073t8q 25.65 2006 Feb 18 25.77 0.23 −0.355 0.29
j9e076v4q 26.59 2006 Feb 19 j9e076uxq 26.62 2006 Feb 19 26.48 0.45
j9e086aoq 27.58 2006 Feb 20 25.760 0.299 j9e086ahq 27.62 2006 Feb 20 26.40 0.44 −0.643 0.532
j9e092e9q 28.45 2006 Feb 21 25.757 0.319 j9e092e2q 28.49 2006 Feb 20 26.01 0.34 −0.256 0.466
j9e048fzq 29.04 2006 Feb 21 25.789 0.309
j9e094giq 29.29 2006 Feb 21 25.223 0.163
j9e049wmq 34.11 2006 Feb 26 25.487 0.175 j9e049wfq 34.15 2006 Feb 26 26.19 0.35 −0.706 0.391
j9e0a1bhq 34.95 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq 34.95 2006 Mar 01 25.65 0.23
j9e0a5drq 35.77 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 36.56 2006 Mar 01 26.474 0.588 j9e0b8jvq 36.56 2006 Mar 02
j9e0b8k2q 37.58 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 37.61 2006 Mar 03 26.32 0.39
j9e0a8p0q 38.69 2006 Mar 03 j9e050tqq 38.68 2006 Mar 04 25.96 0.31
j9e050txq 40.02 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 40.02 2006 Mar 05 26.38 0.43
j9e0c4xiq 40.89 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 40.88 2007 Feb 27 26.56 0.41
M87 Nova 11
j9e001zdq −41.24 2005 Dec 24     j9e001z6q −41.24 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −36.30 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −36.26 2005 Dec 29 27.983 0.71
j9e003d6q −31.24 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −30.20 2006 Jan 03 28.193 0.82
j9e004atq −25.99 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −25.00 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −25.13 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −24.13 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −23.87 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −22.93 2006 Jan 10 27.653 0.59
j9e007lwq −22.74 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −21.74 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −21.87 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −21.14 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −20.13 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −20.33 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −19.33 2006 Jan 13 28.143 0.82
j9e011uaq −19.38 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −18.34 2006 Jan 14 27.833 0.70
j9e012wzq −18.58 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −17.54 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq −17.74 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −16.74 2006 Jan 16 28.603 1.03
j9e014enq −16.86 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −15.87 2006 Jan 17
j9e015iyq −15.86 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −14.87 2006 Jan 18
j9e016m9q −14.86 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −13.80 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq −12.81 2006 Jan 20 29.423 1.56
j9e018r9q −12.86 2006 Jan 21 j9e018r2q −11.88 2006 Jan 21
j9e019umq −11.86 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −10.88 2006 Jan 22
j9e020cdq −10.80 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −9.81 2006 Jan 23 28.253 0.87
j9e021f9q −9.79 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −8.75 2006 Jan 24 27.943 0.73
j9e022hlq −8.79 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −7.75 2006 Jan 25
j9e023llq −7.79 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq −6.75 2006 Jan 26 27.453 0.46
j9e024p5q −6.85 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −5.82 2006 Jan 27
j9e025sdq −5.85 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −4.82 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −4.85 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −3.92 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −2.95 2006 Jan 30
j9e028ejq −2.86 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq −1.82 2006 Jan 31 29.113 1.24
j9e029h6q −1.94 2006 Feb 01 25.420 0.101 j9e029gzq −0.95 2006 Feb 01 25.063 0.07 0.357 0.123
j9e030khq −0.94 2006 Feb 02 23.949 0.028 j9e030kaq 0.05 2006 Feb 02 23.723 0.02 0.226 0.034
j9e031ndq 0.00 2006 Feb 03 23.573 0.021 j9e031n6q 1.00 2006 Feb 03 23.263 0.02 0.310 0.029
j9e032pxq 0.94 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 1.74 2006 Feb 05 23.597 0.024 j9e033sfq 2.73 2006 Feb 05 23.063 0.01 0.534 0.026
j9e034w9q 3.53 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 4.45 2006 Feb 06 23.604 0.023 j9e035bdq 4.45 2006 Feb 06 23.033 0.02 0.571 0.030
j9e036dbq 5.27 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q 5.31 2006 Feb 07 23.443 0.02
j9e037gnq 6.11 2006 Feb 08 23.956 0.027 j9e037ggq 6.12 2006 Feb 08 23.543 0.02 0.413 0.034
j9e038k1q 6.92 2006 Feb 09 23.900 0.024 j9e038juq 6.92 2006 Feb 09 23.423 0.02 0.477 0.031
j9e039m9q 7.73 2006 Feb 10 24.034 0.029 j9e039m2q 7.72 2006 Feb 10 23.463 0.02 0.571 0.035
j9e040q6q 8.58 2006 Feb 10 23.850 0.027 j9e040pzq 8.58 2006 Feb 10 23.353 0.02 0.497 0.034
j9e041rwq 9.38 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 10.20 2006 Feb 12 24.411 0.038 j9e042u1q 10.24 2006 Feb 12 23.873 0.03 0.538 0.048
j9e043dmq 11.05 2006 Feb 13 24.423 0.041 j9e043dfq 11.05 2006 Feb 13 23.913 0.03 0.510 0.051
j9e044h0q 11.85 2006 Feb 14 24.748 0.054 j9e044gtq 11.85 2006 Feb 14 24.163 0.03 0.585 0.062
j9e045j6q 12.66 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 13.46 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 14.26 2006 Feb 16 24.529 0.045 j9e047ogq 14.26 2006 Feb 16 24.103 0.03 0.426 0.054
j9e068qxq 15.06 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 15.86 2006 Feb 18 24.765 0.055 j9e073t8q 15.86 2006 Feb 18 24.383 0.05 0.382 0.074
j9e076v4q 16.80 2006 Feb 19 25.010 0.066 j9e076uxq 16.83 2006 Feb 19 24.743 0.06 0.267 0.089
j9e086aoq 17.79 2006 Feb 20 24.846 0.055 j9e086ahq 17.83 2006 Feb 20 24.513 0.04 0.333 0.068
j9e092e9q 18.66 2006 Feb 21 25.119 0.065 j9e092e2q 18.70 2006 Feb 20 24.613 0.04 0.506 0.076
j9e048fzq 19.25 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 19.50 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 24.32 2006 Feb 26 25.239 0.080 j9e049wfq 24.36 2006 Feb 26 25.023 0.06 0.216 0.100
j9e0a1bhq 25.16 2006 Feb 27 25.128 0.060 j9e0a6fzq 25.16 2006 Mar 01 24.733 0.05 0.395 0.078
j9e0a5drq 25.98 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 26.77 2006 Mar 01 25.204 0.086 j9e0b8jvq 26.77 2006 Mar 02 24.853 0.06 0.351 0.105
j9e0b8k2q 27.79 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 27.82 2006 Mar 03 24.603 0.05
j9e0a8p0q 28.90 2006 Mar 03 25.437 0.085 j9e050tqq 28.89 2006 Mar 04 24.953 0.07 0.484 0.110
j9e050txq 30.23 2006 Mar 04 25.506 0.100 j9e0c4cbq 30.23 2006 Mar 05 25.023 0.07 0.483 0.122
j9e0c4xiq 31.10 2006 Mar 05 25.694 0.099 j9e0a1baq 31.09 2007 Feb 27 25.253 0.09 0.441 0.134
M87 Nova 12
j9e001zdq −18.50 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −18.50 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −13.56 2005 Dec 29 27.542 0.377 j9e002h9q −13.52 2005 Dec 29 30.673 2.29 −3.131 2.321
j9e003d6q −8.50 2006 Jan 03 27.048 0.241 j9e003czq −7.46 2006 Jan 03 28.743 0.86 −1.695 0.893
j9e004atq −3.25 2006 Jan 08 27.428 0.309 j9e004amq −2.26 2006 Jan 08 28.953 0.96 −1.525 1.009
j9e005d7q −2.39 2006 Jan 09 26.483 0.143 j9e005d0q −1.39 2006 Jan 09 26.173 0.15 0.310 0.207
j9e006j4q −1.13 2006 Jan 10 24.498 0.030 j9e006ixq −0.19 2006 Jan 10 24.353 0.03 0.145 0.042
j9e007lwq 0.00 2006 Jan 11 23.577 0.018 j9e007lpq 1.00 2006 Jan 11 23.283 0.02 0.294 0.027
j9e008orq 0.87 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq 1.60 2006 Jan 13 24.223 0.029 j9e009geq 2.61 2006 Jan 13 23.513 0.02 0.710 0.035
j9e010sgq 2.41 2006 Jan 14 23.668 0.019 j9e010s9q 3.41 2006 Jan 13 23.173 0.02 0.495 0.028
j9e011uaq 3.36 2006 Jan 14 24.289 0.028 j9e011u3q 4.40 2006 Jan 14 23.743 0.02 0.546 0.034
j9e012wzq 4.16 2006 Jan 15 24.596 0.036 j9e012wsq 5.20 2006 Jan 15 24.323 0.03 0.273 0.047
j9e013ceq 5.00 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 6.00 2006 Jan 16 24.183 0.03    
j9e014enq 5.88 2006 Jan 17 24.317 0.030 j9e014egq 6.87 2006 Jan 17 23.673 0.02 0.644 0.036
j9e015iyq 6.88 2006 Jan 18 24.502 0.033 j9e015irq 7.87 2006 Jan 18 24.043 0.03 0.459 0.045
j9e016m9q 7.88 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq 8.94 2006 Jan 20 24.763 0.038 j9e017okq 9.93 2006 Jan 20 24.463 0.04 0.300 0.055
j9e018r9q 9.88 2006 Jan 21 24.848 0.043 j9e018r2q 10.86 2006 Jan 21 24.543 0.04 0.305 0.059
j9e019umq 10.88 2006 Jan 22 24.720 0.037 j9e019ufq 11.86 2006 Jan 22 24.443 0.03 0.277 0.048
j9e020cdq 11.94 2006 Jan 23 24.760 0.040 j9e020c6q 12.93 2006 Jan 23 24.593 0.04 0.167 0.057
j9e021f9q 12.95 2006 Jan 24 24.878 0.046 j9e021f2q 13.99 2006 Jan 24 24.583 0.04 0.295 0.061
j9e022hlq 13.95 2006 Jan 25 24.858 0.037 j9e022heq 14.99 2006 Jan 25 24.863 0.05 −0.005 0.062
j9e023llq 14.95 2006 Jan 26 24.961 0.043 j9e023leq 15.99 2006 Jan 26 24.943 0.06 0.018 0.074
j9e024p5q 15.89 2006 Jan 27 25.042 0.048 j9e024oyq 16.92 2006 Jan 27 24.903 0.05 0.139 0.069
j9e025sdq 16.89 2006 Jan 28 25.151 0.052 j9e025s6q 17.92 2006 Jan 28 25.023 0.05 0.128 0.072
j9e026vxq 17.89 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 18.82 2006 Jan 30 25.268 0.059 j9e027beq 19.79 2006 Jan 30 25.163 0.06 0.105 0.084
j9e028ejq 19.88 2006 Jan 31 25.350 0.058 j9e028ecq 20.92 2006 Jan 31 25.323 0.07 0.027 0.091
j9e029h6q 20.80 2006 Feb 01 25.223 0.050 j9e029gzq 21.79 2006 Feb 01 25.433 0.10 −0.210 0.112
j9e030khq 21.80 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq 22.79 2006 Feb 02 25.163 0.06    
j9e031ndq 22.74 2006 Feb 03 25.420 0.070 j9e031n6q 23.74 2006 Feb 03 25.323 0.07 0.097 0.099
j9e032pxq 23.68 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 24.48 2006 Feb 05 25.292 0.068 j9e033sfq 25.47 2006 Feb 05 25.373 0.09 −0.081 0.113
j9e034w9q 26.27 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 27.19 2006 Feb 06 25.307 0.068 j9e035bdq 27.19 2006 Feb 06 25.073 0.06 0.234 0.091
j9e036dbq 28.01 2006 Feb 07 25.008 0.045 j9e036d4q 28.05 2006 Feb 07 25.023 0.06 −0.015 0.075
j9e037gnq 28.85 2006 Feb 08 24.917 0.043 j9e037ggq 28.86 2006 Feb 08 24.833 0.06 0.084 0.074
j9e038k1q 29.66 2006 Feb 09 24.928 0.043 j9e038juq 29.66 2006 Feb 09 24.863 0.05 0.065 0.066
j9e039m9q 30.47 2006 Feb 10 25.086 0.049 j9e039m2q 30.46 2006 Feb 10 25.143 0.06 −0.057 0.077
j9e040q6q 31.32 2006 Feb 10 25.450 0.068 j9e040pzq 31.32 2006 Feb 10 25.273 0.08 0.177 0.105
j9e041rwq 32.12 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 32.94 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q 32.98 2006 Feb 12 25.913 0.11    
j9e043dmq 33.79 2006 Feb 13 25.625 0.089 j9e043dfq 33.79 2006 Feb 13 25.463 0.08 0.162 0.120
j9e044h0q 34.59 2006 Feb 14 25.612 0.070 j9e044gtq 34.59 2006 Feb 14 25.763 0.11 −0.151 0.130
j9e045j6q 35.40 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 36.20 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 37.00 2006 Feb 16 26.024 0.106 j9e047ogq 37.00 2006 Feb 16 26.173 0.16 −0.149 0.192
j9e068qxq 37.80 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 38.60 2006 Feb 18 26.178 0.117 j9e073t8q 38.60 2006 Feb 18 26.223 0.16 −0.045 0.198
j9e076v4q 39.54 2006 Feb 19 26.218 0.172 j9e076uxq 39.57 2006 Feb 19 27.083 0.33 −0.865 0.372
j9e086aoq 40.53 2006 Feb 20 26.389 0.150 j9e086ahq 40.57 2006 Feb 20 26.663 0.23 −0.274 0.275
j9e092e9q 41.40 2006 Feb 21 26.091 0.108 j9e092e2q 41.44 2006 Feb 20 26.373 0.18 −0.282 0.210
j9e048fzq 41.99 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 42.24 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 47.06 2006 Feb 26 25.970 0.107 j9e049wfq 47.10 2006 Feb 26 26.093 0.14 −0.123 0.176
j9e0a1bhq 47.90 2006 Feb 27 25.839 0.100 j9e0a6fzq 47.90 2006 Mar 01 25.653 0.10 0.186 0.141
j9e0a5drq 48.72 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 49.51 2006 Mar 01 26.264 0.137 j9e0b8jvq 49.51 2006 Mar 02 25.943 0.13 0.321 0.189
j9e0b8k2q 50.53 2006 Mar 02 25.811 0.095 j9e0a8otq 50.56 2006 Mar 03 25.993 0.15 −0.182 0.178
j9e0a8p0q 51.64 2006 Mar 03 25.949 0.074 j9e050tqq 51.63 2006 Mar 04 25.973 0.13 −0.024 0.150
j9e050txq 52.97 2006 Mar 04 26.047 0.102 j9e0c4cbq 52.97 2006 Mar 05 26.063 0.13 −0.016 0.165
j9e0c4xiq 53.84 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 53.83 2007 Feb 27 25.513 0.08
M87 Nova 13
j9e001zdq −69.03 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −69.03 2005 Dec 24 28.953 1.15
j9e002hgq −64.09 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −64.05 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −59.03 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −57.99 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −53.78 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −52.79 2006 Jan 08 30.053 1.87
j9e005d7q −52.92 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −51.92 2006 Jan 09 29.573 1.44
j9e006j4q −51.66 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −50.72 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −50.53 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −49.53 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −49.66 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −48.93 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −47.92 2006 Jan 13 28.783 0.99
j9e010sgq −48.12 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −47.12 2006 Jan 13 28.593 0.88
j9e011uaq −47.17 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −46.13 2006 Jan 14 27.563 0.40
j9e012wzq −46.37 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −45.33 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq −45.53 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −44.53 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −44.65 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −43.66 2006 Jan 17
j9e015iyq −43.65 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −42.66 2006 Jan 18 32.203 3.93
j9e016m9q −42.65 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −41.59 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq −40.60 2006 Jan 20
j9e018r9q −40.65 2006 Jan 21 j9e018r2q −39.67 2006 Jan 21
j9e019umq −39.65 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −38.67 2006 Jan 22
j9e020cdq −38.59 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −37.60 2006 Jan 23
j9e021f9q −37.58 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −36.54 2006 Jan 24 27.993 0.57
j9e022hlq −36.58 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −35.54 2006 Jan 25
j9e023llq −35.58 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq −34.54 2006 Jan 26 27.903 0.49
j9e024p5q −34.64 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −33.61 2006 Jan 27 29.213 1.20
j9e025sdq −33.64 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −32.61 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −32.64 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −31.71 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −30.74 2006 Jan 30 28.493 0.78
j9e028ejq −30.65 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq −29.61 2006 Jan 31
j9e029h6q −29.73 2006 Feb 01 j9e029gzq −28.74 2006 Feb 01 29.703 1.79
j9e030khq −28.73 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq −27.74 2006 Feb 02
j9e031ndq −27.79 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q −26.79 2006 Feb 03 28.293 0.70
j9e032pxq −26.85 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq −26.05 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq −25.06 2006 Feb 05 27.933 0.50
j9e034w9q −24.26 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq −23.34 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq −23.34 2006 Feb 06 30.243 2.04
j9e036dbq −22.52 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q −22.48 2006 Feb 07 28.373 0.76
j9e037gnq −21.68 2006 Feb 08 j9e037ggq −21.67 2006 Feb 08 27.693 0.44
j9e038k1q −20.87 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq −20.87 2006 Feb 09
j9e039m9q −20.06 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q −20.07 2006 Feb 10 29.393 1.29
j9e040q6q −19.21 2006 Feb 10 j9e040pzq −19.21 2006 Feb 10 28.183 0.63
j9e041rwq −18.41 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q −17.59 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q −17.55 2006 Feb 12
j9e043dmq −16.74 2006 Feb 13 j9e043dfq −16.74 2006 Feb 13
j9e044h0q −15.94 2006 Feb 14 j9e044gtq −15.94 2006 Feb 14 27.573 0.38
j9e045j6q −15.13 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq −14.33 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq −13.53 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq −13.53 2006 Feb 16
j9e068qxq −12.73 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq −11.93 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q −11.93 2006 Feb 18 27.223 0.33
j9e076v4q −10.99 2006 Feb 19 j9e076uxq −10.96 2006 Feb 19 28.453 0.75
j9e086aoq −10.00 2006 Feb 20 j9e086ahq −9.96 2006 Feb 20 28.393 0.72
j9e092e9q −9.13 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q −9.09 2006 Feb 20 28.773 0.92
j9e048fzq −8.54 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq −8.29 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq −3.47 2006 Feb 26 j9e049wfq −3.43 2006 Feb 26
j9e0a1bhq −2.63 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq −2.63 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq −1.81 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q −1.02 2006 Mar 01 25.228 0.053 j9e0b8jvq −1.02 2006 Mar 02 26.173 0.14 −0.945 0.150
j9e0b8k2q 0.00 2006 Mar 02 23.670 0.021 j9e0a8otq 0.03 2006 Mar 03 23.393 0.02 0.277 0.029
j9e0a8p0q 1.11 2006 Mar 03 24.061 0.024 j9e050tqq 1.10 2006 Mar 04 23.453 0.02 0.608 0.031
j9e050txq 2.44 2006 Mar 04 24.514 0.035 j9e0c4cbq 2.44 2006 Mar 05 23.873 0.02 0.641 0.040
j9e0c4xiq 3.31 2006 Mar 05 24.589 0.037 j9e0a1baq 3.30 2007 Feb 27 24.433 0.03 0.156 0.048
M87 Nova 14
j9e001zdq −41.24 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −41.24 2005 Dec 24 29.473 2.23
j9e002hgq −36.30 2005 Dec 29 26.758 0.647 j9e002h9q −36.26 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −31.24 2006 Jan 03 26.024 0.341 j9e003czq −30.20 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −25.99 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −25.00 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −25.13 2006 Jan 09 26.429 0.539 j9e005d0q −24.13 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −23.87 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −22.93 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −22.74 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −21.74 2006 Jan 11 28.173 1.34
j9e008orq −21.87 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −21.14 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −20.13 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −20.33 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −19.33 2006 Jan 13
j9e011uaq −19.38 2006 Jan 14 26.278 0.482 j9e011u3q −18.34 2006 Jan 14 27.173 0.87 −0.895 0.995
j9e012wzq −18.58 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −17.54 2006 Jan 15 27.703 0.94
j9e013ceq −17.74 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −16.74 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −16.86 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −15.87 2006 Jan 17
j9e015iyq −15.86 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −14.87 2006 Jan 18 29.233 2.07
j9e016m9q −14.86 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −13.80 2006 Jan 20 26.645 0.575 j9e017okq −12.81 2006 Jan 20 28.423 1.46 −1.778 1.569
j9e018r9q −12.86 2006 Jan 21 26.263 0.487 j9e018r2q −11.88 2006 Jan 21
j9e019umq −11.86 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −10.88 2006 Jan 22 26.883 0.74
j9e020cdq −10.80 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −9.81 2006 Jan 23 27.363 0.86
j9e021f9q −9.79 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −8.75 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq −8.79 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −7.75 2006 Jan 25
j9e023llq −7.79 2006 Jan 26 26.891 0.717 j9e023leq −6.75 2006 Jan 26
j9e024p5q −6.85 2006 Jan 27 26.587 0.515 j9e024oyq −5.82 2006 Jan 27 27.483 1.29 −0.896 1.389
j9e025sdq −5.85 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −4.82 2006 Jan 28 26.863 0.54
j9e026vxq −4.85 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −3.92 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −2.95 2006 Jan 30
j9e028ejq −2.86 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq −1.82 2006 Jan 31 25.783 0.23
j9e029h6q −1.94 2006 Feb 01 25.193 0.149 j9e029gzq −0.95 2006 Feb 01 25.853 0.27 −0.660 0.308
j9e030khq −0.94 2006 Feb 02 24.891 0.148 j9e030kaq 0.05 2006 Feb 02 24.473 0.09 0.418 0.173
j9e031ndq 0.00 2006 Feb 03 23.742 0.040 j9e031n6q 1.00 2006 Feb 03 23.763 0.05 −0.021 0.064
j9e032pxq 0.94 2006 Feb 04 24.053 0.066
j9e033smq 1.74 2006 Feb 05 23.840 0.057 j9e033sfq 2.73 2006 Feb 05 23.623 0.04 0.217 0.070
j9e034w9q 3.53 2006 Feb 05 24.017 0.067
j9e035bkq 4.45 2006 Feb 06 24.294 0.098 j9e035bdq 4.45 2006 Feb 06 23.813 0.04 0.481 0.106
j9e036dbq 5.27 2006 Feb 07 24.089 0.063 j9e036d4q 5.31 2006 Feb 07 23.623 0.04 0.466 0.075
j9e037gnq 6.11 2006 Feb 08 24.093 0.064 j9e037ggq 6.12 2006 Feb 08 23.793 0.05 0.300 0.081
j9e038k1q 6.92 2006 Feb 09 24.132 0.058 j9e038juq 6.92 2006 Feb 09 23.813 0.04 0.319 0.070
j9e039m9q 7.73 2006 Feb 10 24.244 0.074 j9e039m2q 7.72 2006 Feb 10 23.873 0.04 0.371 0.084
j9e040q6q 8.58 2006 Feb 10 24.185 0.058 j9e040pzq 8.58 2006 Feb 10 24.053 0.05 0.132 0.077
j9e041rwq 9.38 2006 Feb 11 24.400 0.090
j9e042u8q 10.20 2006 Feb 12 24.321 0.059 j9e042u1q 10.24 2006 Feb 12 24.283 0.07 0.038 0.092
j9e043dmq 11.05 2006 Feb 13 24.591 0.114 j9e043dfq 11.05 2006 Feb 13 24.193 0.06 0.398 0.129
j9e044h0q 11.85 2006 Feb 14 24.280 0.076 j9e044gtq 11.85 2006 Feb 14 24.073 0.06 0.207 0.097
j9e045j6q 12.66 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 13.46 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 14.26 2006 Feb 16 24.621 0.107 j9e047ogq 14.26 2006 Feb 16 24.123 0.06 0.498 0.123
j9e068qxq 15.06 2006 Feb 17 24.918 0.108
j9e073tfq 15.86 2006 Feb 18 25.080 0.087 j9e073t8q 15.86 2006 Feb 18 25.143 0.16 −0.063 0.182
j9e076v4q 16.80 2006 Feb 19 25.302 0.215 j9e076uxq 16.83 2006 Feb 19 25.763 0.25 −0.461 0.330
j9e086aoq 17.79 2006 Feb 20 25.320 0.192 j9e086ahq 17.83 2006 Feb 20 25.323 0.17 −0.003 0.256
j9e092e9q 18.66 2006 Feb 21 25.288 0.210 j9e092e2q 18.70 2006 Feb 20 25.023 0.11 0.265 0.237
j9e048fzq 19.25 2006 Feb 21 25.135 0.165
j9e094giq 19.50 2006 Feb 21 25.373 0.184
j9e049wmq 24.32 2006 Feb 26 25.303 0.160 j9e049wfq 24.36 2006 Feb 26 24.923 0.13 0.380 0.206
j9e0a1bhq 25.16 2006 Feb 27 25.420 0.213 j9e0a6fzq 25.16 2006 Mar 01 25.293 0.18 0.127 0.279
j9e0a5drq 25.98 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 26.77 2006 Mar 01 25.032 0.120 j9e0b8jvq 26.77 2006 Mar 02 24.933 0.14 0.099 0.184
j9e0b8k2q 27.79 2006 Mar 02 25.057 0.173 j9e0a8otq 27.82 2006 Mar 03 25.133 0.13 −0.076 0.216
j9e0a8p0q 28.90 2006 Mar 03 25.047 0.173 j9e050tqq 28.89 2006 Mar 04 24.903 0.13 0.144 0.216
j9e050txq 30.23 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 30.23 2006 Mar 05 25.033 0.14
j9e0c4xiq 31.10 2006 Mar 05 25.444 0.190 j9e0a1baq 31.09 2007 Feb 27 25.133 0.16 0.311 0.248
M87 Nova 15
j9e001zdq −42.98 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −42.98 2005 Dec 24 26.123 0.64
j9e002hgq −38.04 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −38.00 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −32.98 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −31.94 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −27.73 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −26.74 2006 Jan 08 25.303 0.77
j9e005d7q −26.87 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −25.87 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −25.61 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −24.67 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −24.48 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −23.48 2006 Jan 11 26.043 0.52
j9e008orq −23.61 2006 Jan 12    
j9e009qlq −22.88 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −21.87 2006 Jan 13 27.453 1.25
j9e010sgq −22.07 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −21.07 2006 Jan 13 28.903 2.51
j9e011uaq −21.12 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −20.08 2006 Jan 14 26.953 0.96
j9e012wzq −20.32 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −19.28 2006 Jan 15 26.833 0.96
j9e013ceq −19.48 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −18.48 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −18.60 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −17.61 2006 Jan 17
j9e015iyq −17.60 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −16.61 2006 Jan 18 26.093 0.55
j9e016m9q −16.60 2006 Jan 19    
j9e017orq −15.54 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq −14.55 2006 Jan 20 26.983 0.99
j9e018r9q −14.60 2006 Jan 21 j9e018r2q −13.62 2006 Jan 21 26.333 0.64
j9e019umq −13.60 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −12.62 2006 Jan 22
j9e020cdq −12.54 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −11.55 2006 Jan 23 27.093 0.99
j9e021f9q −11.53 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −10.49 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq −10.53 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −9.49 2006 Jan 25 27.213 1.16
j9e023llq −9.53 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq −8.49 2006 Jan 26
j9e024p5q −8.59 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −7.56 2006 Jan 27
j9e025sdq −7.59 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −6.56 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −6.59 2006 Jan 29    
j9e027blq −5.66 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −4.69 2006 Jan 30
j9e028ejq −4.60 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq −3.56 2006 Jan 31
j9e029h6q −3.68 2006 Feb 01 26.033 1.192 j9e029gzq −2.69 2006 Feb 01
j9e030khq −2.68 2006 Feb 02 24.556 0.267 j9e030kaq −1.69 2006 Feb 02 30.723 4.13 −6.167 4.139
j9e031ndq −1.74 2006 Feb 03 24.193 0.211 j9e031n6q −0.74 2006 Feb 03 28.313 1.85 −4.120 1.862
j9e032pxq −0.80 2006 Feb 04 23.833 0.155
j9e033smq 0.00 2006 Feb 05 23.750 0.147 j9e033sfq 0.99 2006 Feb 05
j9e034w9q 1.79 2006 Feb 05 24.120 0.203    
j9e035bkq 2.71 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq 2.71 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq 3.53 2006 Feb 07 24.023 0.181 j9e036d4q 3.57 2006 Feb 07
j9e037gnq 4.37 2006 Feb 08 24.372 0.253 j9e037ggq 4.38 2006 Feb 08 26.633 0.74 −2.261 0.782
j9e038k1q 5.18 2006 Feb 09 24.868 0.421 j9e038juq 5.18 2006 Feb 09
j9e039m9q 5.99 2006 Feb 10 24.282 0.228 j9e039m2q 5.98 2006 Feb 10 25.273 0.27 −0.991 0.353
j9e040q6q 6.84 2006 Feb 10 23.938 0.183 j9e040pzq 6.84 2006 Feb 10 24.103 0.12 −0.165 0.219
j9e041rwq 7.64 2006 Feb 11 24.324 0.247
j9e042u8q 8.46 2006 Feb 12 24.657 0.362 j9e042u1q 8.50 2006 Feb 12 23.313 0.06 1.344 0.367
j9e043dmq 9.31 2006 Feb 13 24.224 0.176 j9e043dfq 9.31 2006 Feb 13 23.443 0.07 0.781 0.189
j9e044h0q 10.11 2006 Feb 14 24.820 0.287 j9e044gtq 10.11 2006 Feb 14 23.523 0.08 1.297 0.298
j9e045j6q 10.92 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 11.72 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 12.52 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq 12.52 2006 Feb 16 24.153 0.12
j9e068qxq 13.32 2006 Feb 17 25.229 0.598
j9e073tfq 14.12 2006 Feb 18 25.613 0.844 j9e073t8q 14.12 2006 Feb 18 24.053 0.10 1.560 0.850
j9e076v4q 15.06 2006 Feb 19 j9e076uxq 15.09 2006 Feb 19 24.553 0.18
j9e086aoq 16.05 2006 Feb 20 25.260 0.684 j9e086ahq 16.09 2006 Feb 20 24.063 0.12 1.197 0.694
j9e092e9q 16.92 2006 Feb 21 24.828 0.357 j9e092e2q 16.96 2006 Feb 20 24.243 0.11 0.585 0.374
j9e048fzq 17.51 2006 Feb 21 25.662 0.796
j9e094giq 17.76 2006 Feb 21 24.940 0.444
j9e049wmq 22.58 2006 Feb 26 25.752 0.964 j9e049wfq 22.62 2006 Feb 26 24.673 0.18 1.079 0.981
j9e0a1bhq 23.42 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq 23.42 2006 Mar 01 24.743 0.18
j9e0a5drq 24.24 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 25.03 2006 Mar 01 j9e0b8jvq 25.03 2006 Mar 02 26.083 0.51
j9e0b8k2q 26.05 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 26.08 2006 Mar 03 24.793 0.19
j9e0a8p0q 27.16 2006 Mar 03 j9e050tqq 27.15 2006 Mar 04 24.833 0.22
j9e050txq 28.49 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 28.49 2006 Mar 05 24.553 0.15
j9e0c4xiq 29.36 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 29.35 2007 Feb 27 25.293 0.33
M87 Nova 16
j9e001zdq −55.50 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −55.50 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −50.56 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −50.52 2005 Dec 29 29.303 1.44
j9e003d6q −45.50 2006 Jan 03 26.699 0.276 j9e003czq −44.46 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −40.25 2006 Jan 08 26.956 0.290 j9e004amq −39.26 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −39.39 2006 Jan 09 27.174 0.371 j9e005d0q −38.39 2006 Jan 09 27.913 0.57 −0.739 0.680
j9e006j4q −38.13 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −37.19 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −37.00 2006 Jan 11 27.997 0.915 j9e007lpq −36.00 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −36.13 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −35.40 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −34.39 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −34.59 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −33.59 2006 Jan 13
j9e011uaq −33.64 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −32.60 2006 Jan 14
j9e012wzq −32.84 2006 Jan 15 27.388 0.476 j9e012wsq −31.80 2006 Jan 15 27.653 0.51 −0.265 0.698
j9e013ceq −32.00 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −31.00 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −31.12 2006 Jan 17 27.199 0.397 j9e014egq −30.13 2006 Jan 17
j9e015iyq −30.12 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −29.13 2006 Jan 18
j9e016m9q −29.12 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −28.06 2006 Jan 20 27.310 0.467 j9e017okq −27.07 2006 Jan 20 27.623 0.48 −0.313 0.670
j9e018r9q −27.12 2006 Jan 21 26.629 0.213 j9e018r2q −26.14 2006 Jan 21
j9e019umq −26.12 2006 Jan 22 27.552 0.449 j9e019ufq −25.14 2006 Jan 22 29.293 1.40 −1.741 1.470
j9e020cdq −25.06 2006 Jan 23 27.162 0.334 j9e020c6q −24.07 2006 Jan 23
j9e021f9q −24.05 2006 Jan 24 27.158 0.323 j9e021f2q −23.01 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq −23.05 2006 Jan 25 27.570 0.560 j9e022heq −22.01 2006 Jan 25
j9e023llq −22.05 2006 Jan 26 28.035 0.832 j9e023leq −21.01 2006 Jan 26 28.253 0.81 −0.218 1.161
j9e024p5q −21.11 2006 Jan 27 27.041 0.285 j9e024oyq −20.08 2006 Jan 27 27.363 0.41 −0.322 0.499
j9e025sdq −20.11 2006 Jan 28 27.116 0.338 j9e025s6q −19.08 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −19.11 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −18.18 2006 Jan 30 27.511 0.428 j9e027beq −17.21 2006 Jan 30
j9e028ejq −17.12 2006 Jan 31 26.752 0.250 j9e028ecq −16.08 2006 Jan 31 28.093 0.70 −1.341 0.743
j9e029h6q −16.20 2006 Feb 01 27.602 0.595 j9e029gzq −15.21 2006 Feb 01 30.093 2.01 −2.491 2.096
j9e030khq −15.20 2006 Feb 02 27.421 0.579 j9e030kaq −14.21 2006 Feb 02 28.533 0.98 −1.112 1.138
j9e031ndq −14.26 2006 Feb 03 27.837 0.720 j9e031n6q −13.26 2006 Feb 03
j9e032pxq −13.32 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq −12.52 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq −11.53 2006 Feb 05 31.113 3.07
j9e034w9q −10.73 2006 Feb 05    
j9e035bkq −9.81 2006 Feb 06 27.747 0.607 j9e035bdq −9.81 2006 Feb 06 29.493 1.57 −1.746 1.683
j9e036dbq −8.99 2006 Feb 07 27.626 0.559 j9e036d4q −8.95 2006 Feb 07 33.823 5.56 −6.197 5.588
j9e037gnq −8.15 2006 Feb 08 j9e037ggq −8.14 2006 Feb 08 30.403 2.37
j9e038k1q −7.34 2006 Feb 09 27.921 0.662 j9e038juq −7.34 2006 Feb 09
j9e039m9q −6.53 2006 Feb 10 27.359 0.349 j9e039m2q −6.54 2006 Feb 10 29.173 1.29 −1.814 1.336
j9e040q6q −5.68 2006 Feb 10 27.124 0.306 j9e040pzq −5.68 2006 Feb 10
j9e041rwq −4.88 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q −4.06 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q −4.02 2006 Feb 12 33.333 5.11
j9e043dmq −3.21 2006 Feb 13 25.783 0.102 j9e043dfq −3.21 2006 Feb 13 25.673 0.09 0.110 0.136
j9e044h0q −2.41 2006 Feb 14 25.353 0.068 j9e044gtq −2.41 2006 Feb 14 25.433 0.08 −0.080 0.105
j9e045j6q −1.60 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq −0.80 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 0.00 2006 Feb 16 23.772 0.024 j9e047ogq 0.00 2006 Feb 16 23.513 0.02 0.259 0.031
j9e068qxq 0.80 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 1.60 2006 Feb 18 24.666 0.041 j9e073t8q 1.60 2006 Feb 18 23.943 0.02 0.723 0.046
j9e076v4q 2.54 2006 Feb 19 24.818 0.050 j9e076uxq 2.57 2006 Feb 19 24.173 0.03 0.645 0.058
j9e086aoq 3.53 2006 Feb 20 24.424 0.035 j9e086ahq 3.57 2006 Feb 20 24.123 0.03 0.301 0.046
j9e092e9q 4.40 2006 Feb 21 24.251 0.036 j9e092e2q 4.44 2006 Feb 20 23.853 0.02 0.398 0.041
j9e048fzq 4.99 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 5.24 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 10.06 2006 Feb 26 24.547 0.038 j9e049wfq 10.10 2006 Feb 26 24.333 0.04 0.214 0.055
j9e0a1bhq 10.90 2006 Feb 27 24.708 0.037 j9e0a6fzq 10.90 2006 Mar 01 24.233 0.03 0.475 0.048
j9e0a5drq 11.72 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 12.51 2006 Mar 01 24.416 0.039 j9e0b8jvq 12.51 2006 Mar 02 24.253 0.03 0.163 0.049
j9e0b8k2q 13.53 2006 Mar 02 24.587 0.041 j9e0a8otq 13.56 2006 Mar 03 24.213 0.03 0.374 0.051
j9e0a8p0q 14.64 2006 Mar 03 24.764 0.044 j9e050tqq 14.63 2006 Mar 04 24.363 0.03 0.401 0.053
j9e050txq 15.97 2006 Mar 04 24.776 0.046 j9e0c4cbq 15.97 2006 Mar 05 24.383 0.04 0.393 0.061
j9e0c4xiq 16.84 2006 Mar 05 24.904 0.054 j9e0a1baq 16.83 2007 Feb 27 24.483 0.04 0.421 0.067
M87 Nova 17
j9e001zdq −52.29 2005 Dec 24 28.032 0.674 j9e001z6q −52.29 2005 Dec 24 28.453 0.75 −0.421 1.008
j9e002hgq −47.35 2005 Dec 29 27.966 0.702 j9e002h9q −47.31 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −42.29 2006 Jan 03 27.734 0.435 j9e003czq −41.25 2006 Jan 03 28.503 0.74 −0.769 0.858
j9e004atq −37.04 2006 Jan 08 27.170 0.273 j9e004amq −36.05 2006 Jan 08 29.903 1.78 −2.733 1.801
j9e005d7q −36.18 2006 Jan 09 27.127 0.277 j9e005d0q −35.18 2006 Jan 09 28.703 0.90 −1.576 0.942
j9e006j4q −34.92 2006 Jan 10 28.106 0.675 j9e006ixq −33.98 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −33.79 2006 Jan 11 27.015 0.268 j9e007lpq −32.79 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −32.92 2006 Jan 12 28.285 0.829
j9e009qlq −32.19 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −31.18 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −31.38 2006 Jan 14 27.320 0.286 j9e010s9q −30.38 2006 Jan 13 29.753 1.47 −2.433 1.498
j9e011uaq −30.43 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −29.39 2006 Jan 14 28.763 0.89
j9e012wzq −29.63 2006 Jan 15 27.478 0.367 j9e012wsq −28.59 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq −28.79 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −27.79 2006 Jan 16 27.653 0.37
j9e014enq −27.91 2006 Jan 17 28.482 0.940 j9e014egq −26.92 2006 Jan 17
j9e015iyq −26.91 2006 Jan 18 27.294 0.267 j9e015irq −25.92 2006 Jan 18 29.903 1.83 −2.609 1.849
j9e016m9q −25.91 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −24.85 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq −23.86 2006 Jan 20
j9e018r9q −23.91 2006 Jan 21 27.340 0.350 j9e018r2q −22.93 2006 Jan 21 29.053 1.09 −1.713 1.145
j9e019umq −22.91 2006 Jan 22 28.153 0.804 j9e019ufq −21.93 2006 Jan 22 29.743 1.55 −1.590 1.746
j9e020cdq −21.85 2006 Jan 23 27.395 0.371 j9e020c6q −20.86 2006 Jan 23
j9e021f9q −20.84 2006 Jan 24 27.981 0.666 j9e021f2q −19.80 2006 Jan 24 32.523 4.10 −4.542 4.154
j9e022hlq −19.84 2006 Jan 25 27.211 0.294 j9e022heq −18.80 2006 Jan 25 28.733 0.91 −1.522 0.956
j9e023llq −18.84 2006 Jan 26 28.225 0.904 j9e023leq −17.80 2006 Jan 26 28.403 0.78 −0.178 1.194
j9e024p5q −17.90 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −16.87 2006 Jan 27
j9e025sdq −16.90 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −15.87 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −15.90 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −14.97 2006 Jan 30 26.958 0.267 j9e027beq −14.00 2006 Jan 30
j9e028ejq −13.91 2006 Jan 31 26.974 0.261 j9e028ecq −12.87 2006 Jan 31 28.343 0.66 −1.369 0.710
j9e029h6q −12.99 2006 Feb 01 26.791 0.229 j9e029gzq −12.00 2006 Feb 01
j9e030khq −11.99 2006 Feb 02 27.846 0.377 j9e030kaq −11.00 2006 Feb 02 28.123 0.59 −0.277 0.700
j9e031ndq −11.05 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q −10.05 2006 Feb 03 29.073 1.09
j9e032pxq −10.11 2006 Feb 04 27.983 0.551
j9e033smq −9.31 2006 Feb 05 26.520 0.166 j9e033sfq −8.32 2006 Feb 05
j9e034w9q −7.52 2006 Feb 05 27.586 0.458
j9e035bkq −6.60 2006 Feb 06 27.347 0.335 j9e035bdq −6.60 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq −5.78 2006 Feb 07 28.297 0.766 j9e036d4q −5.74 2006 Feb 07
j9e037gnq −4.94 2006 Feb 08 27.166 0.235 j9e037ggq −4.93 2006 Feb 08 28.733 0.94 −1.567 0.969
j9e038k1q −4.13 2006 Feb 09 25.616 0.081 j9e038juq −4.13 2006 Feb 09 25.563 0.07 0.053 0.107
j9e039m9q −3.32 2006 Feb 10 25.366 0.064 j9e039m2q −3.33 2006 Feb 10 25.023 0.05 0.343 0.081
j9e040q6q −2.47 2006 Feb 10 24.921 0.042 j9e040pzq −2.47 2006 Feb 10 24.653 0.04 0.268 0.058
j9e041rwq −1.67 2006 Feb 11 24.676 0.035
j9e042u8q −0.85 2006 Feb 12 24.205 0.028 j9e042u1q −0.81 2006 Feb 12 23.873 0.02 0.332 0.034
j9e043dmq 0.00 2006 Feb 13 23.805 0.023 j9e043dfq 0.00 2006 Feb 13 23.643 0.02 0.162 0.030
j9e044h0q 0.80 2006 Feb 14 24.593 0.037 j9e044gtq 0.80 2006 Feb 14 24.183 0.02 0.410 0.042
j9e045j6q 1.61 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 2.41 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 3.21 2006 Feb 16 25.423 0.075 j9e047ogq 3.21 2006 Feb 16 24.643 0.03    
j9e068qxq 4.01 2006 Feb 17 24.487 0.037
j9e073tfq 4.81 2006 Feb 18 24.321 0.028 j9e073t8q 4.81 2006 Feb 18 23.893 0.02 0.428 0.034
j9e076v4q 5.75 2006 Feb 19 24.518 0.040 j9e076uxq 5.78 2006 Feb 19 24.253 0.03 0.265 0.050
j9e086aoq 6.74 2006 Feb 20 j9e086ahq 6.78 2006 Feb 20 23.993 0.02
j9e092e9q 7.61 2006 Feb 21 24.276 0.029 j9e092e2q 7.65 2006 Feb 20 23.863 0.02 0.413 0.035
j9e048fzq 8.20 2006 Feb 21 24.204 0.027
j9e094giq 8.45 2006 Feb 21 24.232 0.027
j9e049wmq 13.27 2006 Feb 26 24.583 0.036 j9e049wfq 13.31 2006 Feb 26 24.053 0.02 0.530 0.041
j9e0a1bhq 14.11 2006 Feb 27 24.530 0.034 j9e0a6fzq 14.11 2006 Mar 01 24.053 0.03 0.477 0.045
j9e0a5drq 14.93 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 15.72 2006 Mar 01 24.536 0.032 j9e0b8jvq 15.72 2006 Mar 02 24.193 0.03 0.343 0.044
j9e0b8k2q 16.74 2006 Mar 02 24.508 0.032 j9e0a8otq 16.77 2006 Mar 03 24.023 0.02 0.485 0.038
j9e0a8p0q 17.85 2006 Mar 03 j9e050tqq 17.84 2006 Mar 04 23.883 0.02
j9e050txq 19.18 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 19.18 2006 Mar 05 23.903 0.02
j9e0c4xiq 20.05 2006 Mar 05 24.998 0.056 j9e0a1baq 20.04 2007 Feb 27 24.343 0.03 0.655 0.064
M87 Nova 18
j9e001zdq −71.47 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −71.47 2005 Dec 24 28.373 0.81
j9e002hgq −66.53 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −66.49 2005 Dec 29 30.463 2.42
j9e003d6q −61.47 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −60.43 2006 Jan 03 29.943 1.91
j9e004atq −56.22 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −55.23 2006 Jan 08 27.313 0.38
j9e005d7q −55.36 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −54.36 2006 Jan 09 27.973 0.64
j9e006j4q −54.10 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −53.16 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −52.97 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −51.97 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −52.10 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −51.37 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −50.36 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −50.56 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −49.56 2006 Jan 13 28.293 0.75
j9e011uaq −49.61 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −48.57 2006 Jan 14 28.713 1.09
j9e012wzq −48.81 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −47.77 2006 Jan 15 28.113 0.72
j9e013ceq −47.97 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −46.97 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −47.09 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −46.10 2006 Jan 17 28.983 1.31
j9e015iyq −46.09 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −45.10 2006 Jan 18 30.253 2.32
j9e016m9q −45.09 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −44.03 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq −43.04 2006 Jan 20
j9e018r9q −43.09 2006 Jan 21 j9e018r2q −42.11 2006 Jan 21
j9e019umq −42.09 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −41.11 2006 Jan 22
j9e020cdq −41.03 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −40.04 2006 Jan 23 29.163 1.35
j9e021f9q −40.02 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −38.98 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq −39.02 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −37.98 2006 Jan 25
j9e023llq −38.02 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq −36.98 2006 Jan 26 28.063 0.68
j9e024p5q −37.08 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −36.05 2006 Jan 27 29.493 1.62
j9e025sdq −36.08 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −35.05 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −35.08 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −34.15 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −33.18 2006 Jan 30 27.433 0.49
j9e028ejq −33.09 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq −32.05 2006 Jan 31
j9e029h6q −32.17 2006 Feb 01 j9e029gzq −31.18 2006 Feb 01
j9e030khq −31.17 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq −30.18 2006 Feb 02 27.953 0.64
j9e031ndq −30.23 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q −29.23 2006 Feb 03 30.353 2.32
j9e032pxq −29.29 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq −28.49 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq −27.50 2006 Feb 05 29.043 1.31
j9e034w9q −26.70 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq −25.78 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq −25.78 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq −24.96 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q −24.92 2006 Feb 07
j9e037gnq −24.12 2006 Feb 08 j9e037ggq −24.11 2006 Feb 08 30.923 2.84
j9e038k1q −23.31 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq −23.31 2006 Feb 09
j9e039m9q −22.50 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q −22.51 2006 Feb 10
j9e040q6q −21.65 2006 Feb 10 j9e040pzq −21.65 2006 Feb 10 27.863 0.65
j9e041rwq −20.85 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q −20.03 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q −19.99 2006 Feb 12
j9e043dmq −19.18 2006 Feb 13 j9e043dfq −19.18 2006 Feb 13 28.463 0.94
j9e044h0q −18.38 2006 Feb 14 j9e044gtq −18.38 2006 Feb 14 30.113 2.02
j9e045j6q −17.57 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq −16.77 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq −15.97 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq −15.97 2006 Feb 16
j9e068qxq −15.17 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq −14.37 2006 Feb 18 27.448 0.472 j9e073t8q −14.37 2006 Feb 18
j9e076v4q −13.43 2006 Feb 19 j9e076uxq −13.40 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq −12.44 2006 Feb 20 j9e086ahq −12.40 2006 Feb 20
j9e092e9q −11.57 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q −11.53 2006 Feb 20 28.283 0.82
j9e048fzq −10.98 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq −10.73 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq −5.91 2006 Feb 26 25.334 0.073 j9e049wfq −5.87 2006 Feb 26 24.993 0.06 0.341 0.094
j9e0a1bhq −5.07 2006 Feb 27 24.515 0.042 j9e0a6fzq −5.07 2006 Mar 01 24.303 0.04 0.212 0.058
j9e0a5drq −4.25 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q −3.46 2006 Mar 01 23.948 0.028 j9e0b8jvq −3.46 2006 Mar 02 23.563 0.02 0.385 0.034
j9e0b8k2q −2.44 2006 Mar 02 24.129 0.029 j9e0a8otq −2.41 2006 Mar 03 23.613 0.02 0.516 0.035
j9e0a8p0q −1.33 2006 Mar 03 23.889 0.024 j9e050tqq −1.34 2006 Mar 04 23.283 0.02 0.606 0.031
j9e050txq 0.00 2006 Mar 04 23.829 0.023 j9e0c4cbq 0.00 2006 Mar 05 23.853 0.02 −0.024 0.030
j9e0c4xiq 0.87 2006 Mar 05 24.292 0.029 j9e0a1baq 0.86 2007 Feb 27 23.883 0.03 0.409 0.042
M87 Nova 19
j9e001zdq −40.30 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −40.30 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −35.36 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −35.32 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −30.30 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −29.26 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −25.05 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −24.06 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −24.19 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −23.19 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −22.93 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −21.99 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −21.80 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −20.80 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −20.93 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −20.20 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −19.19 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −19.39 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −18.39 2006 Jan 13
j9e011uaq −18.44 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −17.40 2006 Jan 14
j9e012wzq −17.64 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −16.60 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq −16.80 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −15.80 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −15.92 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −14.93 2006 Jan 17 28.133 1.78
j9e015iyq −14.92 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −13.93 2006 Jan 18 26.963 1.08
j9e016m9q −13.92 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −12.86 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq −11.87 2006 Jan 20
j9e018r9q −11.92 2006 Jan 21 j9e018r2q −10.94 2006 Jan 21
j9e019umq −10.92 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −9.94 2006 Jan 22
j9e020cdq −9.86 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −8.87 2006 Jan 23
j9e021f9q −8.85 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −7.81 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq −7.85 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −6.81 2006 Jan 25
j9e023llq −6.85 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq −5.81 2006 Jan 26
j9e024p5q −5.91 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −4.88 2006 Jan 27
j9e025sdq −4.91 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −3.88 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −3.91 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −2.98 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −2.01 2006 Jan 30
j9e028ejq −1.92 2006 Jan 31 25.561 0.868 j9e028ecq −0.88 2006 Jan 31 25.003 0.24 0.558 0.901
j9e029h6q −1.00 2006 Feb 01 24.297 0.189 j9e029gzq −0.01 2006 Feb 01 23.803 0.09 0.494 0.209
j9e030khq 0.00 2006 Feb 02 23.895 0.177 j9e030kaq 0.99 2006 Feb 02 23.653 0.07 0.242 0.190
j9e031ndq 0.94 2006 Feb 03 23.899 0.174 j9e031n6q 1.94 2006 Feb 03 23.713 0.07 0.186 0.188
j9e032pxq 1.88 2006 Feb 04 25.415 0.626
j9e033smq 2.68 2006 Feb 05 25.712 0.858 j9e033sfq 3.67 2006 Feb 05 24.273 0.12 1.439 0.866
j9e034w9q 4.47 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 5.39 2006 Feb 06 25.236 0.556 j9e035bdq 5.39 2006 Feb 06 24.383 0.12 0.853 0.569
j9e036dbq 6.21 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q 6.25 2006 Feb 07 24.033 0.09
j9e037gnq 7.05 2006 Feb 08 j9e037ggq 7.06 2006 Feb 08 23.723 0.08
j9e038k1q 7.86 2006 Feb 09 25.304 0.571 j9e038juq 7.86 2006 Feb 09 24.403 0.14 0.901 0.588
j9e039m9q 8.67 2006 Feb 10 25.208 0.624 j9e039m2q 8.66 2006 Feb 10 24.883 0.18 0.325 0.649
j9e040q6q 9.52 2006 Feb 10 26.736 2.124 j9e040pzq 9.52 2006 Feb 10 25.423 0.30 1.313 2.145
j9e041rwq 10.32 2006 Feb 11 25.564 0.787
j9e042u8q 11.14 2006 Feb 12 25.700 0.919 j9e042u1q 11.18 2006 Feb 12 24.873 0.19 0.827 0.938
j9e043dmq 11.99 2006 Feb 13 26.165 1.243 j9e043dfq 11.99 2006 Feb 13 25.073 0.23 1.092 1.264
j9e044h0q 12.79 2006 Feb 14 25.968 1.020 j9e044gtq 12.79 2006 Feb 14 25.083 0.23 0.885 1.046
j9e045j6q 13.60 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 14.40 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 15.20 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq 15.20 2006 Feb 16 25.463 0.33
j9e068qxq 16.00 2006 Feb 17 27.161 3.306
j9e073tfq 16.80 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q 16.80 2006 Feb 18 25.293 0.32
j9e076v4q 17.74 2006 Feb 19 j9e076uxq 17.77 2006 Feb 19 25.393 0.30
j9e086aoq 18.73 2006 Feb 20 j9e086ahq 18.77 2006 Feb 20 25.743 0.35
j9e092e9q 19.60 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q 19.64 2006 Feb 20 25.893 0.59
j9e048fzq 20.19 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 20.44 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 25.26 2006 Feb 26 j9e049wfq 25.30 2006 Feb 26 26.323 0.60
j9e0a1bhq 26.10 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq 26.10 2006 Mar 01 25.963 0.52
j9e0a5drq 26.92 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 27.71 2006 Mar 01 j9e0b8jvq 27.71 2006 Mar 02 25.053 0.24
j9e0b8k2q 28.73 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 28.76 2006 Mar 03 26.983 0.93
j9e0a8p0q 29.84 2006 Mar 03 j9e050tqq 29.83 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 31.17 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 31.17 2006 Mar 05 26.433 0.64
j9e0c4xiq 32.04 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 32.03 2007 Feb 27 25.723 0.43
M87 Nova 20
j9e001zdq −10.00 2005 Dec 24     j9e001z6q −10.00 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −5.06 2005 Dec 29 24.972 0.083 j9e002h9q −5.02 2005 Dec 29 25.933 0.19 −0.961 0.207
j9e003d6q 0.00 2006 Jan 03 23.939 0.035 j9e003czq 1.04 2006 Jan 03 23.513 0.02 0.426 0.040
j9e004atq 5.25 2006 Jan 08 24.255 0.037 j9e004amq 6.24 2006 Jan 08 23.663 0.03 0.592 0.048
j9e005d7q 6.11 2006 Jan 09 24.405 0.051 j9e005d0q 7.11 2006 Jan 09 23.893 0.03 0.512 0.059
j9e006j4q 7.37 2006 Jan 10 24.442 0.052 j9e006ixq 8.31 2006 Jan 10 23.873 0.04 0.569 0.066
j9e007lwq 8.50 2006 Jan 11 24.652 0.070 j9e007lpq 9.50 2006 Jan 11 24.243 0.05 0.409 0.086
j9e008orq 9.37 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq 10.10 2006 Jan 13 24.791 0.072 j9e009geq 11.11 2006 Jan 13 24.403 0.06 0.388 0.094
j9e010sgq 10.91 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q 11.91 2006 Jan 13 24.603 0.06
j9e011uaq 11.86 2006 Jan 14 24.879 0.075 j9e011u3q 12.90 2006 Jan 14 24.883 0.08 −0.004 0.110
j9e012wzq 12.66 2006 Jan 15 25.105 0.091 j9e012wsq 13.70 2006 Jan 15 24.733 0.07 0.372 0.115
j9e013ceq 13.50 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 14.50 2006 Jan 16 24.733 0.07
j9e014enq 14.38 2006 Jan 17 24.815 0.068 j9e014egq 15.37 2006 Jan 17 24.833 0.08 −0.018 0.105
j9e015iyq 15.38 2006 Jan 18 24.906 0.084 j9e015irq 16.37 2006 Jan 18 25.133 0.12 −0.227 0.146
j9e016m9q 16.38 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq 17.44 2006 Jan 20 25.178 0.103 j9e017okq 18.43 2006 Jan 20 25.353 0.12 −0.175 0.158
j9e018r9q 18.38 2006 Jan 21 25.142 0.083 j9e018r2q 19.36 2006 Jan 21 25.313 0.12 −0.171 0.146
j9e019umq 19.38 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq 20.36 2006 Jan 22 25.273 0.11
j9e020cdq 20.44 2006 Jan 23 25.093 0.090 j9e020c6q 21.43 2006 Jan 23 25.153 0.11 −0.060 0.142
j9e021f9q 21.45 2006 Jan 24 24.957 0.073 j9e021f2q 22.49 2006 Jan 24 25.513 0.15 −0.556 0.167
j9e022hlq 22.45 2006 Jan 25 25.594 0.143 j9e022heq 23.49 2006 Jan 25 25.543 0.17 0.051 0.222
j9e023llq 23.45 2006 Jan 26 25.700 0.166 j9e023leq 24.49 2006 Jan 26 25.523 0.16 0.177 0.231
j9e024p5q 24.39 2006 Jan 27 25.231 0.086 j9e024oyq 25.42 2006 Jan 27 25.713 0.18 −0.482 0.199
j9e025sdq 25.39 2006 Jan 28 25.571 0.155 j9e025s6q 26.42 2006 Jan 28 25.833 0.17 −0.262 0.230
j9e026vxq 26.39 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 27.32 2006 Jan 30 25.597 0.104 j9e027beq 28.29 2006 Jan 30 25.713 0.16 −0.116 0.191
j9e028ejq 28.38 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq 29.42 2006 Jan 31 25.953 0.19
j9e029h6q 29.30 2006 Feb 01 25.575 0.126 j9e029gzq 30.29 2006 Feb 01 25.553 0.14 0.022 0.188
j9e030khq 30.30 2006 Feb 02 25.516 0.116 j9e030kaq 31.29 2006 Feb 02 26.673 0.42 −1.157 0.436
j9e031ndq 31.24 2006 Feb 03 25.574 0.127 j9e031n6q 32.24 2006 Feb 03 26.033 0.23 −0.459 0.263
j9e032pxq 32.18 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 32.98 2006 Feb 05 25.635 0.114 j9e033sfq 33.97 2006 Feb 05 26.423 0.30 −0.788 0.321
j9e034w9q 34.77 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 35.69 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq 35.69 2006 Feb 06 26.723 0.36    
j9e036dbq 36.51 2006 Feb 07 25.830 0.169 j9e036d4q 36.55 2006 Feb 07 27.733 0.74 −1.903 0.759
j9e037gnq 37.35 2006 Feb 08 25.856 0.172 j9e037ggq 37.36 2006 Feb 08 27.003 0.48 −1.147 0.510
j9e038k1q 38.16 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq 38.16 2006 Feb 09 26.063 0.23
j9e039m9q 38.97 2006 Feb 10 25.858 0.164 j9e039m2q 38.96 2006 Feb 10 26.483 0.29 −0.625 0.333
j9e040q6q 39.82 2006 Feb 10 26.101 0.213 j9e040pzq 39.82 2006 Feb 10 26.853 0.42 −0.752 0.471
j9e041rwq 40.62 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 41.44 2006 Feb 12 25.547 0.112 j9e042u1q 41.48 2006 Feb 12 26.733 0.37 −1.186 0.387
j9e043dmq 42.29 2006 Feb 13 26.069 0.153 j9e043dfq 42.29 2006 Feb 13 26.523 0.34 −0.454 0.373
j9e044h0q 43.09 2006 Feb 14 25.763 0.156 j9e044gtq 43.09 2006 Feb 14
j9e045j6q 43.90 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 44.70 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 45.50 2006 Feb 16 26.966 0.597 j9e047ogq 45.50 2006 Feb 16
j9e068qxq 46.30 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 47.10 2006 Feb 18 25.810 0.134 j9e073t8q 47.10 2006 Feb 18 30.193 2.52 −4.383 2.524
j9e076v4q 48.04 2006 Feb 19 26.047 0.236 j9e076uxq 48.07 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq 49.03 2006 Feb 20 25.934 0.199 j9e086ahq 49.07 2006 Feb 20 29.513 2.05 −3.579 2.060
j9e092e9q 49.90 2006 Feb 21 26.119 0.221 j9e092e2q 49.94 2006 Feb 20
j9e048fzq 50.49 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 50.74 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 55.56 2006 Feb 26 26.538 0.364 j9e049wfq 55.60 2006 Feb 26
j9e0a1bhq 56.40 2006 Feb 27 26.315 0.270 j9e0a6fzq 56.40 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq 57.22 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 58.01 2006 Mar 01 25.987 0.194 j9e0b8jvq 58.01 2006 Mar 02
j9e0b8k2q 59.03 2006 Mar 02 26.424 0.261 j9e0a8otq 59.06 2006 Mar 03
j9e0a8p0q 60.14 2006 Mar 03 26.157 0.215 j9e050tqq 60.13 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 61.47 2006 Mar 04 26.138 0.192 j9e0c4cbq 61.47 2006 Mar 05
j9e0c4xiq 62.34 2006 Mar 05 25.928 0.149 j9e0a1baq 62.33 2007 Feb 27
M87 Nova 21
j9e001zdq −48.97 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −48.97 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −44.03 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −43.99 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −38.97 2006 Jan 03 26.844 0.375 j9e003czq −37.93 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −33.72 2006 Jan 08 26.949 0.351 j9e004amq −32.73 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −32.86 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −31.86 2006 Jan 09 27.883 0.71
j9e006j4q −31.60 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −30.66 2006 Jan 10 28.253 0.86
j9e007lwq −30.47 2006 Jan 11 27.407 0.507 j9e007lpq −29.47 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −29.60 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −28.87 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −27.86 2006 Jan 13 27.443 0.57
j9e010sgq −28.06 2006 Jan 14 27.633 0.666 j9e010s9q −27.06 2006 Jan 13
j9e011uaq −27.11 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −26.07 2006 Jan 14
j9e012wzq −26.31 2006 Jan 15 27.666 0.640 j9e012wsq −25.27 2006 Jan 15
j9e013ceq −25.47 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −24.47 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −24.59 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −23.60 2006 Jan 17 27.723 0.55
j9e015iyq −23.59 2006 Jan 18 27.178 0.430 j9e015irq −22.60 2006 Jan 18
j9e016m9q −22.59 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −21.53 2006 Jan 20 26.754 0.292 j9e017okq −20.54 2006 Jan 20
j9e018r9q −20.59 2006 Jan 21 27.072 0.360 j9e018r2q −19.61 2006 Jan 21 28.283 0.90 −1.211 0.969
j9e019umq −19.59 2006 Jan 22 26.492 0.242 j9e019ufq −18.61 2006 Jan 22 28.483 0.96 −1.991 0.990
j9e020cdq −18.53 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −17.54 2006 Jan 23
j9e021f9q −17.52 2006 Jan 24 26.960 0.341 j9e021f2q −16.48 2006 Jan 24 27.733 0.56 −0.773 0.656
j9e022hlq −16.52 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −15.48 2006 Jan 25 29.443 1.76
j9e023llq −15.52 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq −14.48 2006 Jan 26
j9e024p5q −14.58 2006 Jan 27 27.976 0.846 j9e024oyq −13.55 2006 Jan 27 29.863 2.00 −1.887 2.172
j9e025sdq −13.58 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −12.55 2006 Jan 28 29.693 1.80
j9e026vxq −12.58 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −11.65 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −10.68 2006 Jan 30
j9e028ejq −10.59 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq −9.55 2006 Jan 31
j9e029h6q −9.67 2006 Feb 01 26.790 0.324 j9e029gzq −8.68 2006 Feb 01 27.893 0.68 −1.103 0.753
j9e030khq −8.67 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq −7.68 2006 Feb 02
j9e031ndq −7.73 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q −6.73 2006 Feb 03 29.313 1.57
j9e032pxq −6.79 2006 Feb 04 25.820 0.126
j9e033smq −5.99 2006 Feb 05 26.004 0.170 j9e033sfq −5.00 2006 Feb 05 26.293 0.18 −0.289 0.248
j9e034w9q −4.20 2006 Feb 05 26.178 0.138
j9e035bkq −3.28 2006 Feb 06 25.732 0.112 j9e035bdq −3.28 2006 Feb 06 25.833 0.15 −0.101 0.187
j9e036dbq −2.46 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q −2.42 2006 Feb 07 25.233 0.09
j9e037gnq −1.62 2006 Feb 08 25.013 0.060 j9e037ggq −1.61 2006 Feb 08 24.723 0.05 0.290 0.078
j9e038k1q −0.81 2006 Feb 09 24.588 0.043 j9e038juq −0.81 2006 Feb 09 24.213 0.03 0.375 0.052
j9e039m9q 0.00 2006 Feb 10 24.066 0.031 j9e039m2q −0.01 2006 Feb 10 23.753 0.02 0.313 0.037
j9e040q6q 0.85 2006 Feb 10 24.604 0.045 j9e040pzq 0.85 2006 Feb 10 24.223 0.03 0.381 0.054
j9e041rwq 1.65 2006 Feb 11 25.309 0.073
j9e042u8q 2.47 2006 Feb 12 25.655 0.120 j9e042u1q 2.51 2006 Feb 12 24.993 0.07 0.662 0.139
j9e043dmq 3.32 2006 Feb 13 25.234 0.067 j9e043dfq 3.32 2006 Feb 13 24.853 0.06 0.381 0.090
j9e044h0q 4.12 2006 Feb 14 25.429 0.089 j9e044gtq 4.12 2006 Feb 14 25.143 0.08 0.286 0.120
j9e045j6q 4.93 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 5.73 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 6.53 2006 Feb 16 25.542 0.098 j9e047ogq 6.53 2006 Feb 16 25.043 0.07 0.499 0.120
j9e068qxq 7.33 2006 Feb 17 25.290 0.085
j9e073tfq 8.13 2006 Feb 18 24.899 0.054 j9e073t8q 8.13 2006 Feb 18 24.553 0.04 0.346 0.067
j9e076v4q 9.07 2006 Feb 19 25.196 0.082 j9e076uxq 9.10 2006 Feb 19 24.953 0.06 0.243 0.102
j9e086aoq 10.06 2006 Feb 20 25.248 0.076 j9e086ahq 10.10 2006 Feb 20 24.753 0.05 0.495 0.091
j9e092e9q 10.93 2006 Feb 21 25.355 0.094 j9e092e2q 10.97 2006 Feb 20 24.943 0.06 0.412 0.112
j9e048fzq 11.52 2006 Feb 21 25.193 0.066
j9e094giq 11.77 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 16.59 2006 Feb 26 25.061 0.068 j9e049wfq 16.63 2006 Feb 26 24.513 0.04 0.548 0.079
j9e0a1bhq 17.43 2006 Feb 27 24.926 0.059 j9e0a6fzq 17.43 2006 Mar 01 24.493 0.04 0.433 0.071
j9e0a5drq 18.25 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 19.04 2006 Mar 01 25.075 0.063 j9e0b8jvq 19.04 2006 Mar 02 24.753 0.06 0.322 0.087
j9e0b8k2q 20.06 2006 Mar 02 25.206 0.069 j9e0a8otq 20.09 2006 Mar 03 24.853 0.06 0.353 0.091
j9e0a8p0q 21.17 2006 Mar 03 25.155 0.065 j9e050tqq 21.16 2006 Mar 04 24.783 0.06 0.372 0.088
j9e050txq 22.50 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 22.50 2006 Mar 05 24.943 0.07
j9e0c4xiq 23.37 2006 Mar 05 25.235 0.072 j9e0a1baq 23.36 2007 Feb 27 25.093 0.07 0.142 0.100
M87 Nova 22
j9e001zdq −71.47 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −71.47 2005 Dec 24 30.473 2.30
j9e002hgq −66.53 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −66.49 2005 Dec 29 27.773 0.55
j9e003d6q −61.47 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −60.43 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −56.22 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq −55.23 2006 Jan 08 28.993 1.31
j9e005d7q −55.36 2006 Jan 09 j9e005d0q −54.36 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −54.10 2006 Jan 10 j9e006ixq −53.16 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −52.97 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq −51.97 2006 Jan 11 28.063 0.77
j9e008orq −52.10 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −51.37 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −50.36 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq −50.56 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q −49.56 2006 Jan 13
j9e011uaq −49.61 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −48.57 2006 Jan 14 28.273 0.92
j9e012wzq −48.81 2006 Jan 15 j9e012wsq −47.77 2006 Jan 15 27.803 0.60
j9e013ceq −47.97 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −46.97 2006 Jan 16
j9e014enq −47.09 2006 Jan 17 j9e014egq −46.10 2006 Jan 17 27.623 0.54
j9e015iyq −46.09 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq −45.10 2006 Jan 18 29.123 1.47
j9e016m9q −45.09 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −44.03 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq −43.04 2006 Jan 20 29.483 1.62
j9e018r9q −43.09 2006 Jan 21 j9e018r2q −42.11 2006 Jan 21 27.083 0.38
j9e019umq −42.09 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −41.11 2006 Jan 22
j9e020cdq −41.03 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −40.04 2006 Jan 23
j9e021f9q −40.02 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −38.98 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq −39.02 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −37.98 2006 Jan 25 28.363 0.95
j9e023llq −38.02 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq −36.98 2006 Jan 26
j9e024p5q −37.08 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq −36.05 2006 Jan 27 27.553 0.49
j9e025sdq −36.08 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −35.05 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −35.08 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −34.15 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq −33.18 2006 Jan 30
j9e028ejq −33.09 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq −32.05 2006 Jan 31
j9e029h6q −32.17 2006 Feb 01 j9e029gzq −31.18 2006 Feb 01 28.373 0.95
j9e030khq −31.17 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq −30.18 2006 Feb 02
j9e031ndq −30.23 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q −29.23 2006 Feb 03
j9e032pxq −29.29 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq −28.49 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq −27.50 2006 Feb 05
j9e034w9q −26.70 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq −25.78 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq −25.78 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq −24.96 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q −24.92 2006 Feb 07 27.703 0.49
j9e037gnq −24.12 2006 Feb 08 j9e037ggq −24.11 2006 Feb 08
j9e038k1q −23.31 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq −23.31 2006 Feb 09 29.933 2.05
j9e039m9q −22.50 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q −22.51 2006 Feb 10
j9e040q6q −21.65 2006 Feb 10 j9e040pzq −21.65 2006 Feb 10
j9e041rwq −20.85 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q −20.03 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q −19.99 2006 Feb 12 27.703 0.61
j9e043dmq −19.18 2006 Feb 13 j9e043dfq −19.18 2006 Feb 13
j9e044h0q −18.38 2006 Feb 14 j9e044gtq −18.38 2006 Feb 14 28.573 1.04
j9e045j6q −17.57 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq −16.77 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq −15.97 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq −15.97 2006 Feb 16
j9e068qxq −15.17 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq −14.37 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q −14.37 2006 Feb 18 28.553 1.03
j9e076v4q −13.43 2006 Feb 19 j9e076uxq −13.40 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq −12.44 2006 Feb 20 j9e086ahq −12.40 2006 Feb 20
j9e092e9q −11.57 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q −11.53 2006 Feb 20 28.453 0.95
j9e048fzq −10.98 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq −10.73 2006 Feb 21 28.043 0.942
j9e049wmq −5.91 2006 Feb 26 24.802 0.063 j9e049wfq −5.87 2006 Feb 26 25.243 0.07 −0.441 0.094
j9e0a1bhq −5.07 2006 Feb 27 25.304 0.069 j9e0a6fzq −5.07 2006 Mar 01 25.263 0.08 0.041 0.106
j9e0a5drq −4.25 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q −3.46 2006 Mar 01 25.102 0.071 j9e0b8jvq −3.46 2006 Mar 02 24.873 0.06 0.229 0.093
j9e0b8k2q −2.44 2006 Mar 02 25.037 0.078 j9e0a8otq −2.41 2006 Mar 03 24.563 0.04 0.474 0.088
j9e0a8p0q −1.33 2006 Mar 03 24.931 0.064 j9e050tqq −1.34 2006 Mar 04 24.533 0.04 0.398 0.075
j9e050txq 0.00 2006 Mar 04 24.144 0.033 j9e0c4cbq 0.00 2006 Mar 05 23.693 0.02 0.451 0.039
j9e0c4xiq 0.87 2006 Mar 05 24.353 0.036 j9e0a1baq 0.86 2007 Feb 27 23.953 0.03 0.400 0.047
M87 Nova 23
j9e001zdq −50.00 2005 Dec 24 26.472 0.287 j9e001z6q −50.00 2005 Dec 24 27.723 0.64 −1.251 0.701
j9e002hgq −45.06 2005 Dec 29 26.432 0.244 j9e002h9q −45.02 2005 Dec 29 27.303 0.45 −0.871 0.512
j9e003d6q −40.00 2006 Jan 03 26.593 0.339 j9e003czq −38.96 2006 Jan 03 29.493 1.67 −2.900 1.704
j9e004atq −34.75 2006 Jan 08 26.171 0.182 j9e004amq −33.76 2006 Jan 08 27.293 0.48 −1.122 0.513
j9e005d7q −33.89 2006 Jan 09 26.101 0.205 j9e005d0q −32.89 2006 Jan 09 26.583 0.23 −0.482 0.308
j9e006j4q −32.63 2006 Jan 10 25.864 0.138 j9e006ixq −31.69 2006 Jan 10 26.223 0.22 −0.359 0.260
j9e007lwq −31.50 2006 Jan 11 25.645 0.127 j9e007lpq −30.50 2006 Jan 11 25.773 0.15 −0.128 0.197
j9e008orq −30.63 2006 Jan 12 25.112 0.089
j9e009qlq −29.90 2006 Jan 13 24.892 0.069 j9e009geq −28.89 2006 Jan 13 24.753 0.06 0.139 0.091
j9e010sgq −29.09 2006 Jan 14 24.745 0.048 j9e010s9q −28.09 2006 Jan 13 24.493 0.05 0.252 0.069
j9e011uaq −28.14 2006 Jan 14 24.410 0.040 j9e011u3q −27.10 2006 Jan 14 24.213 0.04 0.197 0.057
j9e012wzq −27.34 2006 Jan 15 24.159 0.034 j9e012wsq −26.30 2006 Jan 15 23.953 0.03 0.206 0.045
j9e013ceq −26.50 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −25.50 2006 Jan 16 24.073 0.03    
j9e014enq −25.62 2006 Jan 17 25.197 0.069 j9e014egq −24.63 2006 Jan 17 24.713 0.05 0.484 0.085
j9e015iyq −24.62 2006 Jan 18 25.683 0.117 j9e015irq −23.63 2006 Jan 18 25.333 0.10 0.350 0.154
j9e016m9q −23.62 2006 Jan 19 25.723 0.129
j9e017orq −22.56 2006 Jan 20 26.277 0.187 j9e017okq −21.57 2006 Jan 20 25.903 0.15 0.374 0.240
j9e018r9q −21.62 2006 Jan 21 26.204 0.192 j9e018r2q −20.64 2006 Jan 21 25.923 0.16 0.281 0.250
j9e019umq −20.62 2006 Jan 22 25.701 0.129 j9e019ufq −19.64 2006 Jan 22 25.413 0.10 0.288 0.163
j9e020cdq −19.56 2006 Jan 23 25.783 0.127 j9e020c6q −18.57 2006 Jan 23 25.693 0.13 0.090 0.182
j9e021f9q −18.55 2006 Jan 24 26.062 0.152 j9e021f2q −17.51 2006 Jan 24 26.093 0.19 −0.031 0.243
j9e022hlq −17.55 2006 Jan 25 26.134 0.174 j9e022heq −16.51 2006 Jan 25 26.903 0.38 −0.769 0.418
j9e023llq −16.55 2006 Jan 26 27.598 0.700 j9e023leq −15.51 2006 Jan 26 27.233 0.46 0.365 0.838
j9e024p5q −15.61 2006 Jan 27 26.504 0.243 j9e024oyq −14.58 2006 Jan 27 27.093 0.44 −0.589 0.503
j9e025sdq −14.61 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −13.58 2006 Jan 28
j9e026vxq −13.61 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −12.68 2006 Jan 30 26.373 0.207 j9e027beq −11.71 2006 Jan 30 26.933 0.33 −0.560 0.390
j9e028ejq −11.62 2006 Jan 31 26.078 0.210 j9e028ecq −10.58 2006 Jan 31 27.283 0.47 −1.205 0.515
j9e029h6q −10.70 2006 Feb 01 26.235 0.219 j9e029gzq −9.71 2006 Feb 01 27.223 0.43 −0.988 0.483
j9e030khq −9.70 2006 Feb 02 27.188 0.440 j9e030kaq −8.71 2006 Feb 02 27.643 0.65 −0.455 0.785
j9e031ndq −8.76 2006 Feb 03 26.813 0.315 j9e031n6q −7.76 2006 Feb 03 28.903 1.30 −2.090 1.338
j9e032pxq −7.82 2006 Feb 04 26.767 0.340
j9e033smq −7.02 2006 Feb 05 26.730 0.332 j9e033sfq −6.03 2006 Feb 05 27.933 0.69 −1.203 0.766
j9e034w9q −5.23 2006 Feb 05 26.816 0.314
j9e035bkq −4.31 2006 Feb 06 26.801 0.255 j9e035bdq −4.31 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq −3.49 2006 Feb 07 26.620 0.295 j9e036d4q −3.45 2006 Feb 07
j9e037gnq −2.65 2006 Feb 08 26.515 0.277 j9e037ggq −2.64 2006 Feb 08
j9e038k1q −1.84 2006 Feb 09 26.302 0.172 j9e038juq −1.84 2006 Feb 09 27.383 0.53 −1.081 0.557
j9e039m9q −1.03 2006 Feb 10 26.750 0.277 j9e039m2q −1.04 2006 Feb 10 29.243 1.54 −2.493 1.565
j9e040q6q −0.18 2006 Feb 10 26.235 0.189 j9e040pzq −0.18 2006 Feb 10
j9e041rwq 0.62 2006 Feb 11 26.586 0.285
j9e042u8q 1.44 2006 Feb 12 26.793 0.289 j9e042u1q 1.48 2006 Feb 12 27.523 0.57 −0.730 0.639
j9e043dmq 2.29 2006 Feb 13 27.168 0.558 j9e043dfq 2.29 2006 Feb 13
j9e044h0q 3.09 2006 Feb 14 26.313 0.232 j9e044gtq 3.09 2006 Feb 14 27.663 0.59 −1.350 0.634
j9e045j6q 3.90 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 4.70 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 5.50 2006 Feb 16 26.301 0.232 j9e047ogq 5.50 2006 Feb 16 28.363 1.02 −2.062 1.046
j9e068qxq 6.30 2006 Feb 17 26.334 0.222
j9e073tfq 7.10 2006 Feb 18 26.808 0.324 j9e073t8q 7.10 2006 Feb 18
j9e076v4q 8.04 2006 Feb 19 26.947 0.361 j9e076uxq 8.07 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq 9.03 2006 Feb 20 26.956 0.419 j9e086ahq 9.07 2006 Feb 20
j9e092e9q 9.90 2006 Feb 21 26.641 0.285 j9e092e2q 9.94 2006 Feb 20 28.473 1.06 −1.832 1.098
j9e048fzq 10.49 2006 Feb 21 26.827 0.299
j9e094giq 10.74 2006 Feb 21 27.083 0.406
j9e049wmq 15.56 2006 Feb 26 25.978 0.178 j9e049wfq 15.60 2006 Feb 26
j9e0a1bhq 16.40 2006 Feb 27 27.012 0.374 j9e0a6fzq 16.40 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq 17.22 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 18.01 2006 Mar 01 26.425 0.209 j9e0b8jvq 18.01 2006 Mar 02
j9e0b8k2q 19.03 2006 Mar 02 27.417 0.539 j9e0a8otq 19.06 2006 Mar 03
j9e0a8p0q 20.14 2006 Mar 03 26.767 0.296 j9e050tqq 20.13 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 21.47 2006 Mar 04 26.551 0.231 j9e0c4cbq 21.47 2006 Mar 05
j9e0c4xiq 22.34 2006 Mar 05 27.073 0.447 j9e0a1baq 22.33 2007 Feb 27
M87 Nova 24
j9e001zdq 0.00 2005 Dec 24 24.187 0.075 j9e001z6q 0.00 2005 Dec 24 24.651 0.08 −0.464 0.113
j9e002hgq 4.94 2005 Dec 29 24.519 0.108 j9e002h9q 4.98 2005 Dec 29 25.314 0.13 −0.795 0.165
j9e003d6q 10.00 2006 Jan 03 24.940 0.188 j9e003czq 11.04 2006 Jan 03 25.271 0.11 −0.331 0.220
j9e004atq 15.25 2006 Jan 08 25.230 0.209 j9e004amq 16.24 2006 Jan 08 25.324 0.13 −0.094 0.248
j9e005d7q 16.11 2006 Jan 09 26.273 0.518 j9e005d0q 17.11 2006 Jan 09 25.598 0.16 0.675 0.542
j9e006j4q 17.37 2006 Jan 10 25.557 0.248 j9e006ixq 18.31 2006 Jan 10 25.970 0.24 −0.413 0.344
j9e007lwq 18.50 2006 Jan 11 25.381 0.240 j9e007lpq 19.50 2006 Jan 11 26.391 0.35 −1.010 0.424
j9e008orq 19.37 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq 20.10 2006 Jan 13 25.207 0.200 j9e009geq 21.11 2006 Jan 13 26.237 0.33 −1.030 0.384
j9e010sgq 20.91 2006 Jan 14 j9e010s9q 21.91 2006 Jan 13 25.352 0.17
j9e011uaq 21.86 2006 Jan 14 25.277 0.233 j9e011u3q 22.90 2006 Jan 14 25.800 0.22 −0.523 0.320
j9e012wzq 22.66 2006 Jan 15 25.376 0.213 j9e012wsq 23.70 2006 Jan 15 26.264 0.35 −0.888 0.407
j9e013ceq 23.50 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 24.50 2006 Jan 16 25.730 0.19
j9e014enq 24.38 2006 Jan 17 26.409 0.543 j9e014egq 25.37 2006 Jan 17 25.683 0.17 0.726 0.569
j9e015iyq 25.38 2006 Jan 18 25.506 0.250 j9e015irq 26.37 2006 Jan 18 26.224 0.28 −0.718 0.375
j9e016m9q 26.38 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq 27.44 2006 Jan 20 26.264 0.474 j9e017okq 28.43 2006 Jan 20 25.932 0.25 0.332 0.535
j9e018r9q 28.38 2006 Jan 21 25.956 0.264 j9e018r2q 29.36 2006 Jan 21 25.837 0.23 0.119 0.348
j9e019umq 29.38 2006 Jan 22 25.861 0.331 j9e019ufq 30.36 2006 Jan 22 25.704 0.20 0.157 0.389
j9e020cdq 30.44 2006 Jan 23 26.463 0.564 j9e020c6q 31.43 2006 Jan 23 26.060 0.31 0.403 0.645
j9e021f9q 31.45 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q 32.49 2006 Jan 24 25.718 0.21
j9e022hlq 32.45 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq 33.49 2006 Jan 25 25.988 0.26
j9e023llq 33.45 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq 34.49 2006 Jan 26 26.252 0.35
j9e024p5q 34.39 2006 Jan 27 j9e024oyq 35.42 2006 Jan 27 25.916 0.22
j9e025sdq 35.39 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q 36.42 2006 Jan 28 27.122 0.69
j9e026vxq 36.39 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 37.32 2006 Jan 30 j9e027beq 38.29 2006 Jan 30 25.661 0.18
j9e028ejq 38.38 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq 39.42 2006 Jan 31 25.915 0.27
j9e029h6q 39.30 2006 Feb 01 j9e029gzq 40.29 2006 Feb 01 25.630 0.16
j9e030khq 40.30 2006 Feb 02 j9e030kaq 41.29 2006 Feb 02 26.262 0.32
j9e031ndq 41.24 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q 42.24 2006 Feb 03 26.227 0.29
j9e032pxq 42.18 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 42.98 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq 43.97 2006 Feb 05 25.958 0.24
j9e034w9q 44.77 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 45.69 2006 Feb 06 j9e035bdq 45.69 2006 Feb 06 26.056 0.26
j9e036dbq 46.51 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q 46.55 2006 Feb 07 25.547 0.18
j9e037gnq 47.35 2006 Feb 08 j9e037ggq 47.36 2006 Feb 08 26.219 0.31
j9e038k1q 48.16 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq 48.16 2006 Feb 09 26.485 0.36
j9e039m9q 48.97 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q 48.96 2006 Feb 10 26.291 0.37
j9e040q6q 49.82 2006 Feb 10 j9e040pzq 49.82 2006 Feb 10 25.889 0.21
j9e041rwq 50.62 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 51.44 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q 51.48 2006 Feb 12 25.613 0.16
j9e043dmq 52.29 2006 Feb 13 j9e043dfq 52.29 2006 Feb 13 26.187 0.30
j9e044h0q 53.09 2006 Feb 14 j9e044gtq 53.09 2006 Feb 14 25.531 0.19
j9e045j6q 53.90 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 54.70 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 55.50 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq 55.50 2006 Feb 16 26.477 0.30
j9e068qxq 56.30 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 57.10 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q 57.10 2006 Feb 18 26.029 0.24
j9e076v4q 58.04 2006 Feb 19 j9e076uxq 58.07 2006 Feb 19 26.427 0.33
j9e086aoq 59.03 2006 Feb 20 j9e086ahq 59.07 2006 Feb 20 26.286 0.31
j9e092e9q 59.90 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q 59.94 2006 Feb 20 26.181 0.32
j9e048fzq 60.49 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 60.74 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 65.56 2006 Feb 26 j9e049wfq 65.60 2006 Feb 26 26.224 0.31
j9e0a1bhq 66.40 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq 66.40 2006 Mar 01 25.901 0.22
j9e0a5drq 67.22 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 68.01 2006 Mar 01 j9e0b8jvq 68.01 2006 Mar 02 26.239 0.36
j9e0b8k2q 69.03 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 69.06 2006 Mar 03 26.230 0.28
j9e0a8p0q 70.14 2006 Mar 03 j9e050tqq 70.13 2006 Mar 04 25.852 0.23
j9e050txq 71.47 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 71.47 2006 Mar 05 26.096 0.30
j9e0c4xiq 72.34 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 72.33 2007 Feb 27 26.330 0.31
M87 Nova 25
j9e001zdq −4.54 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −4.54 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq 0.40 2005 Dec 29 24.265 0.033 j9e002h9q 0.44 2005 Dec 29 24.063 0.03 0.202 0.045
j9e003d6q 5.46 2006 Jan 03 24.779 0.052 j9e003czq 6.50 2006 Jan 03 24.093 0.03 0.686 0.060
j9e004atq 10.71 2006 Jan 08 25.261 0.068 j9e004amq 11.70 2006 Jan 08 24.833 0.06 0.428 0.091
j9e005d7q 11.57 2006 Jan 09 24.706 0.045 j9e005d0q 12.57 2006 Jan 09 24.433 0.04 0.273 0.060
j9e006j4q 12.83 2006 Jan 10 24.866 0.048 j9e006ixq 13.77 2006 Jan 10 24.473 0.04 0.393 0.062
j9e007lwq 13.96 2006 Jan 11 25.104 0.064 j9e007lpq 14.96 2006 Jan 11 24.493 0.04 0.611 0.075
j9e008orq 14.83 2006 Jan 12 25.228 0.066
j9e009qlq 15.56 2006 Jan 13 25.061 0.065 j9e009geq 16.57 2006 Jan 13 24.733 0.05 0.328 0.082
j9e010sgq 16.37 2006 Jan 14 25.358 0.090 j9e010s9q 17.37 2006 Jan 13 25.053 0.06 0.305 0.108
j9e011uaq 17.32 2006 Jan 14 25.274 0.070 j9e011u3q 18.36 2006 Jan 14 25.023 0.07 0.251 0.099
j9e012wzq 18.12 2006 Jan 15 25.605 0.095 j9e012wsq 19.16 2006 Jan 15 25.093 0.07 0.512 0.118
j9e013ceq 18.96 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 19.96 2006 Jan 16 25.033 0.07    
j9e014enq 19.84 2006 Jan 17 25.477 0.083 j9e014egq 20.83 2006 Jan 17 25.313 0.08 0.164 0.115
j9e015iyq 20.84 2006 Jan 18 25.510 0.083 j9e015irq 21.83 2006 Jan 18 25.303 0.10 0.207 0.130
j9e016m9q 21.84 2006 Jan 19 25.411 0.071
j9e017orq 22.90 2006 Jan 20 25.732 0.109 j9e017okq 23.89 2006 Jan 20 25.743 0.14 −0.011 0.177
j9e018r9q 23.84 2006 Jan 21 25.725 0.123 j9e018r2q 24.82 2006 Jan 21 25.373 0.09 0.352 0.152
j9e019umq 24.84 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq 25.82 2006 Jan 22 25.693 0.12    
j9e020cdq 25.90 2006 Jan 23 25.660 0.087 j9e020c6q 26.89 2006 Jan 23 25.593 0.11 0.067 0.140
j9e021f9q 26.91 2006 Jan 24 26.089 0.168 j9e021f2q 27.95 2006 Jan 24 25.673 0.12 0.416 0.206
j9e022hlq 27.91 2006 Jan 25 25.353 0.099 j9e022heq 28.95 2006 Jan 25 25.793 0.15 −0.440 0.180
j9e023llq 28.91 2006 Jan 26 26.081 0.144 j9e023leq 29.95 2006 Jan 26 26.113 0.16 −0.032 0.215
j9e024p5q 29.85 2006 Jan 27 25.800 0.132 j9e024oyq 30.88 2006 Jan 27 25.963 0.15 −0.163 0.200
j9e025sdq 30.85 2006 Jan 28 25.966 0.165 j9e025s6q 31.88 2006 Jan 28 26.133 0.18 −0.167 0.244
j9e026vxq 31.85 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 32.78 2006 Jan 30 25.863 0.110 j9e027beq 33.75 2006 Jan 30 26.123 0.16 −0.260 0.194
j9e028ejq 33.84 2006 Jan 31 26.255 0.198 j9e028ecq 34.88 2006 Jan 31 26.203 0.16 0.052 0.255
j9e029h6q 34.76 2006 Feb 01 26.054 0.140 j9e029gzq 35.75 2006 Feb 01 26.753 0.29 −0.699 0.322
j9e030khq 35.76 2006 Feb 02 26.472 0.225 j9e030kaq 36.75 2006 Feb 02 26.523 0.22 −0.051 0.315
j9e031ndq 36.70 2006 Feb 03 26.002 0.134 j9e031n6q 37.70 2006 Feb 03 27.143 0.39 −1.141 0.412
j9e032pxq 37.64 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 38.44 2006 Feb 05 26.510 0.212 j9e033sfq 39.43 2006 Feb 05 27.483 0.58 −0.973 0.618
j9e034w9q 40.23 2006 Feb 05 25.900 0.120
j9e035bkq 41.15 2006 Feb 06 26.142 0.153 j9e035bdq 41.15 2006 Feb 06 26.823 0.31 −0.681 0.346
j9e036dbq 41.97 2006 Feb 07 26.130 0.185 j9e036d4q 42.01 2006 Feb 07 27.903 0.73 −1.773 0.753
j9e037gnq 42.81 2006 Feb 08 26.063 0.128 j9e037ggq 42.82 2006 Feb 08 26.853 0.30 −0.790 0.326
j9e038k1q 43.62 2006 Feb 09 26.098 0.142 j9e038juq 43.62 2006 Feb 09 26.583 0.25 −0.485 0.288
j9e039m9q 44.43 2006 Feb 10 27.156 0.387 j9e039m2q 44.42 2006 Feb 10 27.133 0.40 0.023 0.557
j9e040q6q 45.28 2006 Feb 10 26.576 0.252 j9e040pzq 45.28 2006 Feb 10 27.683 0.55 −1.107 0.605
j9e041rwq 46.08 2006 Feb 11 26.108 0.182
j9e042u8q 46.90 2006 Feb 12 26.001 0.135 j9e042u1q 46.94 2006 Feb 12 27.483 0.44 −1.482 0.460
j9e043dmq 47.75 2006 Feb 13 26.445 0.224 j9e043dfq 47.75 2006 Feb 13 28.523 1.02 −2.078 1.044
j9e044h0q 48.55 2006 Feb 14 26.555 0.262 j9e044gtq 48.55 2006 Feb 14
j9e045j6q 49.36 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 50.16 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 50.96 2006 Feb 16 26.508 0.209 j9e047ogq 50.96 2006 Feb 16
j9e068qxq 51.76 2006 Feb 17 26.248 0.156
j9e073tfq 52.56 2006 Feb 18 26.522 0.192 j9e073t8q 52.56 2006 Feb 18 27.713 0.58 −1.191 0.611
j9e076v4q 53.50 2006 Feb 19 27.601 0.711 j9e076uxq 53.53 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq 54.49 2006 Feb 20 27.495 0.658 j9e086ahq 54.53 2006 Feb 20 28.103 0.91 −0.608 1.123
j9e092e9q 55.36 2006 Feb 21 26.635 0.218 j9e092e2q 55.40 2006 Feb 20
j9e048fzq 55.95 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 56.20 2006 Feb 21 26.730 0.253
j9e049wmq 61.02 2006 Feb 26 26.275 0.186 j9e049wfq 61.06 2006 Feb 26 31.873 3.91 −5.598 3.914
j9e0a1bhq 61.86 2006 Feb 27 26.656 0.241 j9e0a6fzq 61.86 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq 62.68 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 63.47 2006 Mar 01 26.825 0.248 j9e0b8jvq 63.47 2006 Mar 02 28.313 0.84 −1.488 0.876
j9e0b8k2q 64.49 2006 Mar 02 27.158 0.429 j9e0a8otq 64.52 2006 Mar 03
j9e0a8p0q 65.60 2006 Mar 03 27.265 0.432 j9e050tqq 65.59 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 66.93 2006 Mar 04 26.227 0.163 j9e0c4cbq 66.93 2006 Mar 05
j9e0c4xiq 67.80 2006 Mar 05 26.556 0.245 j9e0a1baq 67.79 2007 Feb 27 29.643 1.80 −3.087 1.817
M87 Nova 26
j9e001zdq 0.00 2005 Dec 24 24.376 0.060 j9e001z6q 0.00 2005 Dec 24 25.931 0.090 −1.554 0.105
j9e002hgq 4.94 2005 Dec 29 24.692 0.070 j9e002h9q 4.98 2005 Dec 29 25.951 0.064 −1.258 0.097
j9e003d6q 10.00 2006 Jan 03 24.603 0.070 j9e003czq 11.04 2006 Jan 03 25.884 0.063 −1.280 0.091
j9e004atq 15.25 2006 Jan 08 24.874 0.080 j9e004amq 16.24 2006 Jan 08 25.932 0.062 −1.057 0.104
j9e005d7q 16.11 2006 Jan 09 24.876 0.090 j9e005d0q 17.11 2006 Jan 09 25.885 0.064 −1.008 0.110
j9e006j4q 17.37 2006 Jan 10 24.853 0.080 j9e006ixq 18.31 2006 Jan 10 26.142 0.096 −1.288 0.124
j9e007lwq 18.50 2006 Jan 11 24.957 0.090 j9e007lpq 19.50 2006 Jan 11 25.848 0.079 −0.890 0.117
j9e008orq 19.37 2006 Jan 12 24.929 0.080
j9e009qlq 20.10 2006 Jan 13 25.065 0.100 j9e009geq 21.11 2006 Jan 13 25.838 0.061 −0.772 0.114
j9e010sgq 20.91 2006 Jan 14 25.042 0.090 j9e010s9q 21.91 2006 Jan 13 26.098 0.067 −1.055 0.115
j9e011uaq 21.86 2006 Jan 14 25.025 0.100 j9e011u3q 22.90 2006 Jan 14 26.129 0.071 −1.103 0.119
j9e012wzq 22.66 2006 Jan 15 24.958 0.090 j9e012wsq 23.70 2006 Jan 15 26.144 0.072 −1.185 0.118
j9e013ceq 23.50 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 24.50 2006 Jan 16 26.055 0.066    
j9e014enq 24.38 2006 Jan 17 24.815 0.080 j9e014egq 25.37 2006 Jan 17 26.086 0.070 −1.270 0.105
j9e015iyq 25.38 2006 Jan 18 25.131 0.100 j9e015irq 26.37 2006 Jan 18 26.450 0.103 −1.318 0.143
j9e016m9q 26.38 2006 Jan 19 25.044 0.090
j9e017orq 27.44 2006 Jan 20 24.873 0.080 j9e017okq 28.43 2006 Jan 20 25.983 0.074 −1.109 0.109
j9e018r9q 28.38 2006 Jan 21 25.195 0.110 j9e018r2q 29.36 2006 Jan 21 25.931 0.082 −0.735 0.134
j9e019umq 29.38 2006 Jan 22 25.058 0.100 j9e019ufq 30.36 2006 Jan 22 26.132 0.090 −1.073 0.132
j9e020cdq 30.44 2006 Jan 23 25.287 0.110 j9e020c6q 31.43 2006 Jan 23 26.173 0.083 −0.885 0.140
j9e021f9q 31.45 2006 Jan 24 25.188 0.110 j9e021f2q 32.49 2006 Jan 24 26.418 0.098 −1.229 0.144
j9e022hlq 32.45 2006 Jan 25 25.387 0.130 j9e022heq 33.49 2006 Jan 25 26.233 0.090 −0.845 0.157
j9e023llq 33.45 2006 Jan 26 24.704 0.070 j9e023leq 34.49 2006 Jan 26 26.174 0.073 −1.469 0.103
j9e024p5q 34.39 2006 Jan 27 25.109 0.110 j9e024oyq 35.42 2006 Jan 27 26.314 0.098 −1.204 0.144
j9e025sdq 35.39 2006 Jan 28 24.856 0.080 j9e025s6q 36.42 2006 Jan 28 26.168 0.073 −1.311 0.108
j9e026vxq 36.39 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 37.32 2006 Jan 30 25.343 0.120 j9e027beq 38.29 2006 Jan 30 26.375 0.098 −1.031 0.158
j9e028ejq 38.38 2006 Jan 31 j9e028ecq 39.42 2006 Jan 31 26.221 0.079
j9e029h6q 39.30 2006 Feb 01 25.257 0.110 j9e029gzq 40.29 2006 Feb 01 26.594 0.126 −1.336 0.169
j9e030khq 40.30 2006 Feb 02 25.175 0.110 j9e030kaq 41.29 2006 Feb 02 26.516 0.103 −1.340 0.149
j9e031ndq 41.24 2006 Feb 03 25.306 0.110 j9e031n6q 42.24 2006 Feb 03 26.331 0.107 −1.024 0.156
j9e032pxq 42.18 2006 Feb 04 25.256 0.110
j9e033smq 42.98 2006 Feb 05 25.551 0.140 j9e033sfq 43.97 2006 Feb 05 26.312 0.092 −0.760 0.168
j9e034w9q 44.77 2006 Feb 05 25.295 0.110
j9e035bkq 45.69 2006 Feb 06 25.913 0.200 j9e035bdq 45.69 2006 Feb 06 26.708 0.118 −0.794 0.229
j9e036dbq 46.51 2006 Feb 07 25.864 0.210 j9e036d4q 46.55 2006 Feb 07 26.401 0.094 −0.536 0.227
j9e037gnq 47.35 2006 Feb 08 25.375 0.120 j9e037ggq 47.36 2006 Feb 08 26.500 0.099 −1.124 0.157
j9e038k1q 48.16 2006 Feb 09 25.408 0.130 j9e038juq 48.16 2006 Feb 09 26.541 0.102 −1.132 0.166
j9e039m9q 48.97 2006 Feb 10 25.455 0.140 j9e039m2q 48.96 2006 Feb 10 26.304 0.074 −0.848 0.159
j9e040q6q 49.82 2006 Feb 10 j9e040pzq 49.82 2006 Feb 10 26.289 0.090
j9e041rwq 50.62 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 51.44 2006 Feb 12 25.432 0.130 j9e042u1q 51.48 2006 Feb 12 26.447 0.096 −1.014 0.161
j9e043dmq 52.29 2006 Feb 13 j9e043dfq 52.29 2006 Feb 13 26.395 0.092
j9e044h0q 53.09 2006 Feb 14 25.556 0.150 j9e044gtq 53.09 2006 Feb 14 26.728 0.127 −1.171 0.194
j9e045j6q 53.90 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 54.70 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 55.50 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq 55.50 2006 Feb 16 26.810 0.155
j9e068qxq 56.30 2006 Feb 17 25.501 0.130
j9e073tfq 57.10 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q 57.10 2006 Feb 18 26.480 0.112
j9e076v4q 58.04 2006 Feb 19 25.957 0.230 j9e076uxq 58.07 2006 Feb 19 26.611 0.130 −0.653 0.261
j9e086aoq 59.03 2006 Feb 20 j9e086ahq 59.07 2006 Feb 20 26.721 0.125
j9e092e9q 59.90 2006 Feb 21 25.613 0.160 j9e092e2q 59.94 2006 Feb 20 26.743 0.126 −1.129 0.201
j9e048fzq 60.49 2006 Feb 21 25.747 0.170
j9e094giq 60.74 2006 Feb 21 25.582 0.140
j9e049wmq 65.56 2006 Feb 26 25.576 0.140 j9e049wfq 65.60 2006 Feb 26 26.427 0.110 −0.850 0.177
j9e0a1bhq 66.40 2006 Feb 27 25.582 0.150 j9e0a6fzq 66.40 2006 Mar 01 26.823 0.133 −1.240 0.198
j9e0a5drq 67.22 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 68.01 2006 Mar 01 25.716 0.160 j9e0b8jvq 68.01 2006 Mar 02 27.005 0.152 −1.288 0.219
j9e0b8k2q 69.03 2006 Mar 02 25.328 0.120 j9e0a8otq 69.06 2006 Mar 03 26.749 0.142 −1.420 0.185
j9e0a8p0q 70.14 2006 Mar 03 25.925 0.200 j9e050tqq 70.13 2006 Mar 04 27.050 0.171 −1.124 0.260
j9e050txq 71.47 2006 Mar 04 26.179 0.240 j9e0c4cbq 71.47 2006 Mar 05 26.798 0.145 −0.618 0.281
j9e0c4xiq 72.34 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 72.33 2007 Feb 27 26.833 0.134
M87 Nova 27
j9e001zdq 0.00 2005 Dec 24 24.927 0.055 j9e001z6q 0.00 2005 Dec 24 25.003 0.07 −0.076 0.089
j9e002hgq 4.94 2005 Dec 29 25.370 0.083 j9e002h9q 4.98 2005 Dec 29 25.603 0.11 −0.233 0.138
j9e003d6q 10.00 2006 Jan 03 25.721 0.112 j9e003czq 11.04 2006 Jan 03 25.703 0.13 0.018 0.172
j9e004atq 15.25 2006 Jan 08 25.162 0.064 j9e004amq 16.24 2006 Jan 08 25.393 0.10 −0.231 0.119
j9e005d7q 16.11 2006 Jan 09 25.284 0.085 j9e005d0q 17.11 2006 Jan 09 25.373 0.08 −0.089 0.117
j9e006j4q 17.37 2006 Jan 10 25.559 0.092 j9e006ixq 18.31 2006 Jan 10 26.023 0.15 −0.464 0.176
j9e007lwq 18.50 2006 Jan 11 25.705 0.108 j9e007lpq 19.50 2006 Jan 11 26.793 0.26 −1.088 0.282
j9e008orq 19.37 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq 20.10 2006 Jan 13 25.908 0.157 j9e009geq 21.11 2006 Jan 13 26.943 0.30 −1.035 0.339
j9e010sgq 20.91 2006 Jan 14 26.090 0.134 j9e010s9q 21.91 2006 Jan 13 26.273 0.16 −0.183 0.209
j9e011uaq 21.86 2006 Jan 14 26.046 0.156 j9e011u3q 22.90 2006 Jan 14 26.293 0.18 −0.247 0.238
j9e012wzq 22.66 2006 Jan 15 25.804 0.139 j9e012wsq 23.70 2006 Jan 15 26.983 0.33 −1.179 0.358
j9e013ceq 23.50 2006 Jan 16     j9e013c7q 24.50 2006 Jan 16 26.613 0.25    
j9e014enq 24.38 2006 Jan 17 25.980 0.143 j9e014egq 25.37 2006 Jan 17 26.073 0.15 −0.093 0.207
j9e015iyq 25.38 2006 Jan 18 26.159 0.182 j9e015irq 26.37 2006 Jan 18 26.763 0.30 −0.604 0.351
j9e016m9q 26.38 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq 27.44 2006 Jan 20 25.734 0.109 j9e017okq 28.43 2006 Jan 20 26.753 0.26 −1.019 0.282
j9e018r9q 28.38 2006 Jan 21 26.508 0.198 j9e018r2q 29.36 2006 Jan 21 26.873 0.28 −0.365 0.343
j9e019umq 29.38 2006 Jan 22 26.320 0.191 j9e019ufq 30.36 2006 Jan 22 27.213 0.40 −0.893 0.443
j9e020cdq 30.44 2006 Jan 23 26.180 0.195 j9e020c6q 31.43 2006 Jan 23
j9e021f9q 31.45 2006 Jan 24 25.922 0.108 j9e021f2q 32.49 2006 Jan 24
j9e022hlq 32.45 2006 Jan 25 25.913 0.126 j9e022heq 33.49 2006 Jan 25 26.933 0.30 −1.020 0.325
j9e023llq 33.45 2006 Jan 26 26.107 0.155 j9e023leq 34.49 2006 Jan 26 27.583 0.54 −1.476 0.562
j9e024p5q 34.39 2006 Jan 27 26.676 0.265 j9e024oyq 35.42 2006 Jan 27 27.093 0.39 −0.417 0.472
j9e025sdq 35.39 2006 Jan 28 26.057 0.160 j9e025s6q 36.42 2006 Jan 28 28.933 1.19 −2.876 1.201
j9e026vxq 36.39 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 37.32 2006 Jan 30 26.190 0.151 j9e027beq 38.29 2006 Jan 30 27.853 0.64 −1.663 0.658
j9e028ejq 38.38 2006 Jan 31 26.565 0.203 j9e028ecq 39.42 2006 Jan 31
j9e029h6q 39.30 2006 Feb 01 26.124 0.145 j9e029gzq 40.29 2006 Feb 01
j9e030khq 40.30 2006 Feb 02 27.122 0.356 j9e030kaq 41.29 2006 Feb 02 28.993 1.34 −1.871 1.386
j9e031ndq 41.24 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q 42.24 2006 Feb 03 29.233 1.41
j9e032pxq 42.18 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 42.98 2006 Feb 05 26.557 0.237 j9e033sfq 43.97 2006 Feb 05 27.753 0.55 −1.196 0.599
j9e034w9q 44.77 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 45.69 2006 Feb 06 26.315 0.216 j9e035bdq 45.69 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq 46.51 2006 Feb 07 26.914 0.329 j9e036d4q 46.55 2006 Feb 07
j9e037gnq 47.35 2006 Feb 08 26.002 0.109 j9e037ggq 47.36 2006 Feb 08
j9e038k1q 48.16 2006 Feb 09 26.322 0.168 j9e038juq 48.16 2006 Feb 09
j9e039m9q 48.97 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q 48.96 2006 Feb 10 29.213 1.42
j9e040q6q 49.82 2006 Feb 10 26.210 0.149 j9e040pzq 49.82 2006 Feb 10
j9e041rwq 50.62 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 51.44 2006 Feb 12 26.059 0.133 j9e042u1q 51.48 2006 Feb 12
j9e043dmq 52.29 2006 Feb 13 26.672 0.268 j9e043dfq 52.29 2006 Feb 13
j9e044h0q 53.09 2006 Feb 14 26.440 0.197 j9e044gtq 53.09 2006 Feb 14
j9e045j6q 53.90 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 54.70 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 55.50 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq 55.50 2006 Feb 16
j9e068qxq 56.30 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 57.10 2006 Feb 18 26.501 0.212 j9e073t8q 57.10 2006 Feb 18
j9e076v4q 58.04 2006 Feb 19 26.486 0.192 j9e076uxq 58.07 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq 59.03 2006 Feb 20 27.029 0.306 j9e086ahq 59.07 2006 Feb 20
j9e092e9q 59.90 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q 59.94 2006 Feb 20
j9e048fzq 60.49 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 60.74 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 65.56 2006 Feb 26 j9e049wfq 65.60 2006 Feb 26
j9e0a1bhq 66.40 2006 Feb 27 27.192 0.432 j9e0a6fzq 66.40 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq 67.22 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 68.01 2006 Mar 01 27.544 0.637 j9e0b8jvq 68.01 2006 Mar 02
j9e0b8k2q 69.03 2006 Mar 02 27.093 0.353 j9e0a8otq 69.06 2006 Mar 03 28.243 0.79
j9e0a8p0q 70.14 2006 Mar 03 27.049 0.413 j9e050tqq 70.13 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 71.47 2006 Mar 04 27.542 0.493 j9e0c4cbq 71.47 2006 Mar 05
j9e0c4xiq 72.34 2006 Mar 05 26.721 0.238 j9e0a1baq 72.33 2007 Feb 27
M87 Nova 28
j9e001zdq −71.47 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −71.47 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −66.53 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −66.49 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −61.47 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −60.43 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −56.22 2006 Jan 08 27.944 0.573 j9e004amq −55.23 2006 Jan 08
j9e005d7q −55.36 2006 Jan 09 27.267 0.236 j9e005d0q −54.36 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −54.10 2006 Jan 10 27.288 0.293 j9e006ixq −53.16 2006 Jan 10
j9e007lwq −52.97 2006 Jan 11 27.866 0.406 j9e007lpq −51.97 2006 Jan 11
j9e008orq −52.10 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −51.37 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −50.36 2006 Jan 13 29.038 0.73
j9e010sgq −50.56 2006 Jan 14 26.715 0.129 j9e010s9q −49.56 2006 Jan 13 27.629 0.29 −0.914 0.319
j9e011uaq −49.61 2006 Jan 14 26.569 0.144 j9e011u3q −48.57 2006 Jan 14 26.797 0.13 −0.228 0.197
j9e012wzq −48.81 2006 Jan 15 26.906 0.180 j9e012wsq −47.77 2006 Jan 15 26.885 0.13 0.021 0.223
j9e013ceq −47.97 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −46.97 2006 Jan 16 26.750 0.13
j9e014enq −47.09 2006 Jan 17 26.000 0.092 j9e014egq −46.10 2006 Jan 17 26.630 0.11 −0.630 0.146
j9e015iyq −46.09 2006 Jan 18 26.218 0.087 j9e015irq −45.10 2006 Jan 18 26.481 0.10 −0.263 0.135
j9e016m9q −45.09 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −44.03 2006 Jan 20 26.145 0.097 j9e017okq −43.04 2006 Jan 20 26.416 0.10 −0.271 0.139
j9e018r9q −43.09 2006 Jan 21 26.276 0.108 j9e018r2q −42.11 2006 Jan 21 26.575 0.12 −0.299 0.164
j9e019umq −42.09 2006 Jan 22 26.290 0.103 j9e019ufq −41.11 2006 Jan 22 26.413 0.09 −0.123 0.137
j9e020cdq −41.03 2006 Jan 23 26.250 0.109 j9e020c6q −40.04 2006 Jan 23 26.374 0.08 −0.124 0.136
j9e021f9q −40.02 2006 Jan 24 j9e021f2q −38.98 2006 Jan 24 26.415 0.09
j9e022hlq −39.02 2006 Jan 25 25.936 0.113 j9e022heq −37.98 2006 Jan 25 26.261 0.08 −0.325 0.138
j9e023llq −38.02 2006 Jan 26 j9e023leq −36.98 2006 Jan 26 26.361 0.08
j9e024p5q −37.08 2006 Jan 27 25.774 0.088 j9e024oyq −36.05 2006 Jan 27 26.546 0.09 −0.772 0.126
j9e025sdq −36.08 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −35.05 2006 Jan 28 25.970 0.06    
j9e026vxq −35.08 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −34.15 2006 Jan 30 25.698 0.057 j9e027beq −33.18 2006 Jan 30 26.091 0.06 −0.393 0.085
j9e028ejq −33.09 2006 Jan 31 25.738 0.072 j9e028ecq −32.05 2006 Jan 31 25.895 0.06 −0.157 0.092
j9e029h6q −32.17 2006 Feb 01 25.639 0.063 j9e029gzq −31.18 2006 Feb 01 25.988 0.06 −0.349 0.088
j9e030khq −31.17 2006 Feb 02 25.750 0.082 j9e030kaq −30.18 2006 Feb 02 26.012 0.06 −0.262 0.103
j9e031ndq −30.23 2006 Feb 03 25.754 0.064 j9e031n6q −29.23 2006 Feb 03 26.212 0.07 −0.458 0.097
j9e032pxq −29.29 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq −28.49 2006 Feb 05 25.610 0.057 j9e033sfq −27.50 2006 Feb 05 26.130 0.07 −0.520 0.091
j9e034w9q −26.70 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq −25.78 2006 Feb 06 25.654 0.056 j9e035bdq −25.78 2006 Feb 06 26.105 0.07 −0.451 0.086
j9e036dbq −24.96 2006 Feb 07 25.548 0.067 j9e036d4q −24.92 2006 Feb 07 26.152 0.07 −0.604 0.095
j9e037gnq −24.12 2006 Feb 08 25.553 0.060 j9e037ggq −24.11 2006 Feb 08 26.063 0.07 −0.510 0.090
j9e038k1q −23.31 2006 Feb 09 25.436 0.059 j9e038juq −23.31 2006 Feb 09 25.938 0.06 −0.502 0.084
j9e039m9q −22.50 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q −22.51 2006 Feb 10 25.736 0.05    
j9e040q6q −21.65 2006 Feb 10 25.580 0.070 j9e040pzq −21.65 2006 Feb 10 26.191 0.07 −0.611 0.100
j9e041rwq −20.85 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q −20.03 2006 Feb 12 25.571 0.062 j9e042u1q −19.99 2006 Feb 12 25.951 0.06 −0.380 0.087
j9e043dmq −19.18 2006 Feb 13 25.551 0.057 j9e043dfq −19.18 2006 Feb 13 26.035 0.07 −0.484 0.088
j9e044h0q −18.38 2006 Feb 14 25.599 0.064 j9e044gtq −18.38 2006 Feb 14 26.064 0.07 −0.465 0.093
j9e045j6q −17.57 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq −16.77 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq −15.97 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq −15.97 2006 Feb 16 25.795 0.06
j9e068qxq −15.17 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq −14.37 2006 Feb 18 25.497 0.053 j9e073t8q −14.37 2006 Feb 18 25.663 0.05 −0.166 0.071
j9e076v4q −13.43 2006 Feb 19 25.486 0.060 j9e076uxq −13.40 2006 Feb 19 25.749 0.05 −0.263 0.078
j9e086aoq −12.44 2006 Feb 20 25.484 0.064 j9e086ahq −12.40 2006 Feb 20 26.100 0.07 −0.616 0.096
j9e092e9q −11.57 2006 Feb 21 25.531 0.059 j9e092e2q −11.53 2006 Feb 20 26.250 0.07 −0.719 0.094
j9e048fzq −10.98 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq −10.73 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq −5.91 2006 Feb 26 25.382 0.047 j9e049wfq −5.87 2006 Feb 26 26.034 0.07 −0.652 0.083
j9e0a1bhq −5.07 2006 Feb 27 25.595 0.078 j9e0a6fzq −5.07 2006 Mar 01 26.050 0.07 −0.455 0.108
j9e0a5drq −4.25 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q −3.46 2006 Mar 01 25.569 0.063 j9e0b8jvq −3.46 2006 Mar 02
j9e0b8k2q −2.44 2006 Mar 02 25.541 0.060 j9e0a8otq −2.41 2006 Mar 03 25.932 0.06 −0.391 0.083
j9e0a8p0q −1.33 2006 Mar 03 25.663 0.070 j9e050tqq −1.34 2006 Mar 04 26.043 0.07 −0.380 0.098
j9e050txq 0.00 2006 Mar 04 25.178 0.046 j9e0c4cbq 0.00 2006 Mar 05 25.923 0.07 −0.745 0.080
j9e0c4xiq 0.87 2006 Mar 05 25.271 0.041 j9e0a1baq 0.86 2007 Feb 27 25.767 0.05 −0.496 0.068
M87 Nova 29
j9e001zdq 0.00 2005 Dec 24 25.187 0.055 j9e001z6q 0.00 2005 Dec 24 24.753 0.04 0.434 0.068
j9e002hgq 4.94 2005 Dec 29 25.464 0.068 j9e002h9q 4.98 2005 Dec 29 25.253 0.06 0.211 0.091
j9e003d6q 10.00 2006 Jan 03 26.087 0.107 j9e003czq 11.04 2006 Jan 03 25.653 0.09 0.434 0.140
j9e004atq 15.25 2006 Jan 08 j9e004amq 16.24 2006 Jan 08 26.093 0.13
j9e005d7q 16.11 2006 Jan 09 26.290 0.144 j9e005d0q 17.11 2006 Jan 09 26.423 0.17 −0.133 0.223
j9e006j4q 17.37 2006 Jan 10 26.186 0.114 j9e006ixq 18.31 2006 Jan 10 26.183 0.11 0.003 0.158
j9e007lwq 18.50 2006 Jan 11 j9e007lpq 19.50 2006 Jan 11 26.493 0.19
j9e008orq 19.37 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq 20.10 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq 21.11 2006 Jan 13
j9e010sgq 20.91 2006 Jan 14 26.708 0.165 j9e010s9q 21.91 2006 Jan 13 27.433 0.36 −0.725 0.396
j9e011uaq 21.86 2006 Jan 14 26.727 0.196 j9e011u3q 22.90 2006 Jan 14 26.443 0.17 0.284 0.259
j9e012wzq 22.66 2006 Jan 15 26.542 0.175 j9e012wsq 23.70 2006 Jan 15 26.563 0.19 −0.021 0.258
j9e013ceq 23.50 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 24.50 2006 Jan 16 26.523 0.19
j9e014enq 24.38 2006 Jan 17 26.404 0.159 j9e014egq 25.37 2006 Jan 17 27.793 0.45 −1.389 0.477
j9e015iyq 25.38 2006 Jan 18 j9e015irq 26.37 2006 Jan 18 26.683 0.18
j9e016m9q 26.38 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq 27.44 2006 Jan 20 27.634 0.475 j9e017okq 28.43 2006 Jan 20 26.733 0.18 0.901 0.508
j9e018r9q 28.38 2006 Jan 21 26.814 0.226 j9e018r2q 29.36 2006 Jan 21 26.713 0.22 0.101 0.315
j9e019umq 29.38 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq 30.36 2006 Jan 22 28.053 0.55
j9e020cdq 30.44 2006 Jan 23 26.757 0.181 j9e020c6q 31.43 2006 Jan 23 26.923 0.25 −0.166 0.309
j9e021f9q 31.45 2006 Jan 24 26.438 0.137 j9e021f2q 32.49 2006 Jan 24 28.043 0.54 −1.605 0.557
j9e022hlq 32.45 2006 Jan 25 28.152 0.761 j9e022heq 33.49 2006 Jan 25 27.743 0.49 0.409 0.905
j9e023llq 33.45 2006 Jan 26 27.185 0.215 j9e023leq 34.49 2006 Jan 26 30.483 2.12 −3.298 2.131
j9e024p5q 34.39 2006 Jan 27 28.115 0.659 j9e024oyq 35.42 2006 Jan 27 28.033 0.61 0.082 0.898
j9e025sdq 35.39 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q 36.42 2006 Jan 28 27.073 0.26    
j9e026vxq 36.39 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 37.32 2006 Jan 30 27.040 0.281 j9e027beq 38.29 2006 Jan 30 29.723 1.67 −2.683 1.693
j9e028ejq 38.38 2006 Jan 31 26.783 0.208 j9e028ecq 39.42 2006 Jan 31 27.683 0.43 −0.900 0.478
j9e029h6q 39.30 2006 Feb 01 28.450 0.994 j9e029gzq 40.29 2006 Feb 01
j9e030khq 40.30 2006 Feb 02 27.601 0.445 j9e030kaq 41.29 2006 Feb 02
j9e031ndq 41.24 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q 42.24 2006 Feb 03
j9e032pxq 42.18 2006 Feb 04
j9e033smq 42.98 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq 43.97 2006 Feb 05 29.293 1.25
j9e034w9q 44.77 2006 Feb 05
j9e035bkq 45.69 2006 Feb 06 27.411 0.332 j9e035bdq 45.69 2006 Feb 06
j9e036dbq 46.51 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q 46.55 2006 Feb 07
j9e037gnq 47.35 2006 Feb 08 26.937 0.232 j9e037ggq 47.36 2006 Feb 08 28.373 0.73 −1.436 0.766
j9e038k1q 48.16 2006 Feb 09 27.230 0.293 j9e038juq 48.16 2006 Feb 09
j9e039m9q 48.97 2006 Feb 10 27.386 0.344 j9e039m2q 48.96 2006 Feb 10
j9e040q6q 49.82 2006 Feb 10 26.705 0.209 j9e040pzq 49.82 2006 Feb 10 28.263 0.63 −1.558 0.664
j9e041rwq 50.62 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q 51.44 2006 Feb 12 j9e042u1q 51.48 2006 Feb 12
j9e043dmq 52.29 2006 Feb 13 j9e043dfq 52.29 2006 Feb 13
j9e044h0q 53.09 2006 Feb 14 28.261 0.875 j9e044gtq 53.09 2006 Feb 14
j9e045j6q 53.90 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 54.70 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 55.50 2006 Feb 16 j9e047ogq 55.50 2006 Feb 16
j9e068qxq 56.30 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 57.10 2006 Feb 18 j9e073t8q 57.10 2006 Feb 18
j9e076v4q 58.04 2006 Feb 19 27.743 0.503 j9e076uxq 58.07 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq 59.03 2006 Feb 20 27.795 0.559 j9e086ahq 59.07 2006 Feb 20
j9e092e9q 59.90 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q 59.94 2006 Feb 20
j9e048fzq 60.49 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 60.74 2006 Feb 21
j9e049wmq 65.56 2006 Feb 26 28.280 0.772 j9e049wfq 65.60 2006 Feb 26
j9e0a1bhq 66.40 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq 66.40 2006 Mar 01
j9e0a5drq 67.22 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 68.01 2006 Mar 01 j9e0b8jvq 68.01 2006 Mar 02
j9e0b8k2q 69.03 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 69.06 2006 Mar 03
j9e0a8p0q 70.14 2006 Mar 03 j9e050tqq 70.13 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 71.47 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 71.47 2006 Mar 05
j9e0c4xiq 72.34 2006 Mar 05 j9e0a1baq 72.33 2007 Feb 27
M87 Nova 30
j9e001zdq 0.00 2005 Dec 24 25.324 0.067 j9e001z6q 0.00 2005 Dec 24 25.312 0.06 0.012 0.091
j9e002hgq 4.94 2005 Dec 29 25.576 0.088 j9e002h9q 4.98 2005 Dec 29 25.555 0.06 0.021 0.105
j9e003d6q 10.00 2006 Jan 03 26.349 0.165 j9e003czq 11.04 2006 Jan 03 26.264 0.10 0.085 0.192
j9e004atq 15.25 2006 Jan 08 25.861 0.113 j9e004amq 16.24 2006 Jan 08 25.760 0.08 0.101 0.136
j9e005d7q 16.11 2006 Jan 09 25.795 0.097 j9e005d0q 17.11 2006 Jan 09 25.731 0.07 0.064 0.120
j9e006j4q 17.37 2006 Jan 10 25.957 0.105 j9e006ixq 18.31 2006 Jan 10 25.894 0.09 0.063 0.136
j9e007lwq 18.50 2006 Jan 11 26.172 0.138 j9e007lpq 19.50 2006 Jan 11 25.875 0.09 0.297 0.164
j9e008orq 19.37 2006 Jan 12 26.074 0.126
j9e009qlq 20.10 2006 Jan 13 25.808 0.092 j9e009geq 21.11 2006 Jan 13 25.780 0.07 0.028 0.117
j9e010sgq 20.91 2006 Jan 14 25.566 0.075 j9e010s9q 21.91 2006 Jan 13 25.898 0.08 −0.332 0.108
j9e011uaq 21.86 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q 22.90 2006 Jan 14 25.944 0.08
j9e012wzq 22.66 2006 Jan 15 25.719 0.098 j9e012wsq 23.70 2006 Jan 15 25.904 0.09 −0.185 0.132
j9e013ceq 23.50 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q 24.50 2006 Jan 16 26.017 0.09
j9e014enq 24.38 2006 Jan 17 25.793 0.101 j9e014egq 25.37 2006 Jan 17 26.207 0.11 −0.414 0.152
j9e015iyq 25.38 2006 Jan 18 26.233 0.134 j9e015irq 26.37 2006 Jan 18 26.174 0.11 0.059 0.172
j9e016m9q 26.38 2006 Jan 19 25.924 0.104
j9e017orq 27.44 2006 Jan 20 j9e017okq 28.43 2006 Jan 20 26.223 0.11
j9e018r9q 28.38 2006 Jan 21 26.030 0.110 j9e018r2q 29.36 2006 Jan 21 25.805 0.09 0.225 0.140
j9e019umq 29.38 2006 Jan 22 26.251 0.142 j9e019ufq 30.36 2006 Jan 22 26.146 0.12 0.105 0.188
j9e020cdq 30.44 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q 31.43 2006 Jan 23 26.434 0.11
j9e021f9q 31.45 2006 Jan 24 26.331 0.145 j9e021f2q 32.49 2006 Jan 24 26.133 0.09 0.198 0.171
j9e022hlq 32.45 2006 Jan 25 26.142 0.133 j9e022heq 33.49 2006 Jan 25 25.997 0.09 0.145 0.163
j9e023llq 33.45 2006 Jan 26 26.318 0.159 j9e023leq 34.49 2006 Jan 26 26.305 0.10 0.013 0.186
j9e024p5q 34.39 2006 Jan 27 27.276 0.362 j9e024oyq 35.42 2006 Jan 27 26.536 0.13 0.740 0.383
j9e025sdq 35.39 2006 Jan 28 26.557 0.192 j9e025s6q 36.42 2006 Jan 28 26.700 0.14 −0.143 0.237
j9e026vxq 36.39 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 37.32 2006 Jan 30 26.837 0.243 j9e027beq 38.29 2006 Jan 30 26.504 0.12 0.333 0.273
j9e028ejq 38.38 2006 Jan 31 26.341 0.162 j9e028ecq 39.42 2006 Jan 31 26.524 0.13 −0.183 0.208
j9e029h6q 39.30 2006 Feb 01 26.757 0.228 j9e029gzq 40.29 2006 Feb 01 26.687 0.19 0.070 0.294
j9e030khq 40.30 2006 Feb 02 26.738 0.226 j9e030kaq 41.29 2006 Feb 02 27.286 0.29 −0.548 0.364
j9e031ndq 41.24 2006 Feb 03 j9e031n6q 42.24 2006 Feb 03 26.498 0.15
j9e032pxq 42.18 2006 Feb 04 26.327 0.161
j9e033smq 42.98 2006 Feb 05 26.620 0.196 j9e033sfq 43.97 2006 Feb 05 26.311 0.11 0.309 0.226
j9e034w9q 44.77 2006 Feb 05 26.683 0.209
j9e035bkq 45.69 2006 Feb 06 26.919 0.252 j9e035bdq 45.69 2006 Feb 06 26.483 0.12 0.436 0.280
j9e036dbq 46.51 2006 Feb 07 26.941 0.293 j9e036d4q 46.55 2006 Feb 07 26.525 0.12 0.416 0.316
j9e037gnq 47.35 2006 Feb 08 26.519 0.172 j9e037ggq 47.36 2006 Feb 08 26.430 0.12 0.089 0.211
j9e038k1q 48.16 2006 Feb 09 26.934 0.268 j9e038juq 48.16 2006 Feb 09 26.253 0.11 0.681 0.289
j9e039m9q 48.97 2006 Feb 10 j9e039m2q 48.96 2006 Feb 10 26.346 0.11
j9e040q6q 49.82 2006 Feb 10 26.585 0.183 j9e040pzq 49.82 2006 Feb 10 26.407 0.10 0.178 0.210
j9e041rwq 50.62 2006 Feb 11 26.599 0.195
j9e042u8q 51.44 2006 Feb 12 26.287 0.139 j9e042u1q 51.48 2006 Feb 12 26.765 0.17 −0.478 0.221
j9e043dmq 52.29 2006 Feb 13 26.261 0.138 j9e043dfq 52.29 2006 Feb 13 26.399 0.12 −0.138 0.180
j9e044h0q 53.09 2006 Feb 14 26.609 0.201 j9e044gtq 53.09 2006 Feb 14 26.209 0.11 0.400 0.230
j9e045j6q 53.90 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 54.70 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 55.50 2006 Feb 16 26.469 0.171 j9e047ogq 55.50 2006 Feb 16 26.399 0.11 0.070 0.204
j9e068qxq 56.30 2006 Feb 17 26.304 0.146
j9e073tfq 57.10 2006 Feb 18 26.680 0.207 j9e073t8q 57.10 2006 Feb 18 26.469 0.12 0.211 0.240
j9e076v4q 58.04 2006 Feb 19 26.977 0.262 j9e076uxq 58.07 2006 Feb 19 27.309 0.26 −0.332 0.371
j9e086aoq 59.03 2006 Feb 20 26.973 0.282 j9e086ahq 59.07 2006 Feb 20 27.317 0.27 −0.344 0.388
j9e092e9q 59.90 2006 Feb 21 26.984 0.276 j9e092e2q 59.94 2006 Feb 20 26.436 0.14 0.548 0.311
j9e048fzq 60.49 2006 Feb 21
j9e094giq 60.74 2006 Feb 21 26.551 0.167
j9e049wmq 65.56 2006 Feb 26 27.732 0.537 j9e049wfq 65.60 2006 Feb 26 27.069 0.23 0.663 0.583
j9e0a1bhq 66.40 2006 Feb 27 j9e0a6fzq 66.40 2006 Mar 01 26.710 0.19
j9e0a5drq 67.22 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 68.01 2006 Mar 01 27.082 0.279 j9e0b8jvq 68.01 2006 Mar 02 26.718 0.17 0.364 0.326
j9e0b8k2q 69.03 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 69.06 2006 Mar 03 26.680 0.14
j9e0a8p0q 70.14 2006 Mar 03 27.263 0.365 j9e050tqq 70.13 2006 Mar 04 26.494 0.14 0.769 0.390
j9e050txq 71.47 2006 Mar 04 j9e0c4cbq 71.47 2006 Mar 05 28.007 0.46
j9e0c4xiq 72.34 2006 Mar 05 27.390 0.422 j9e0a1baq 72.33 2007 Feb 27 27.063 0.19 0.327 0.462
M87 Nova 31
j9e001zdq −72.34 2005 Dec 24 j9e001z6q −72.34 2005 Dec 24
j9e002hgq −67.40 2005 Dec 29 j9e002h9q −67.36 2005 Dec 29
j9e003d6q −62.34 2006 Jan 03 j9e003czq −61.30 2006 Jan 03
j9e004atq −57.09 2006 Jan 08 28.212 0.894 j9e004amq −56.10 2006 Jan 08 27.863 0.49 0.349 1.019
j9e005d7q −56.23 2006 Jan 09 27.472 0.448 j9e005d0q −55.23 2006 Jan 09
j9e006j4q −54.97 2006 Jan 10 26.724 0.253 j9e006ixq −54.03 2006 Jan 10 27.813 0.52 −1.089 0.578
j9e007lwq −53.84 2006 Jan 11 26.671 0.236 j9e007lpq −52.84 2006 Jan 11 27.303 0.37 −0.632 0.439
j9e008orq −52.97 2006 Jan 12
j9e009qlq −52.24 2006 Jan 13 j9e009geq −51.23 2006 Jan 13 27.173 0.30
j9e010sgq −51.43 2006 Jan 14 26.719 0.213 j9e010s9q −50.43 2006 Jan 13 27.393 0.39 −0.674 0.444
j9e011uaq −50.48 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −49.44 2006 Jan 14 27.493 0.41
j9e012wzq −49.68 2006 Jan 15 27.180 0.367 j9e012wsq −48.64 2006 Jan 15 26.753 0.25 0.427 0.444
j9e013ceq −48.84 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −47.84 2006 Jan 16 26.333 0.16
j9e014enq −47.96 2006 Jan 17 27.663 0.616 j9e014egq −46.97 2006 Jan 17 26.653 0.25 1.010 0.665
j9e015iyq −46.96 2006 Jan 18 27.478 0.461 j9e015irq −45.97 2006 Jan 18 26.273 0.19 1.205 0.499
j9e016m9q −45.96 2006 Jan 19
j9e017orq −44.90 2006 Jan 20 27.539 0.561 j9e017okq −43.91 2006 Jan 20 26.263 0.16 1.276 0.583
j9e018r9q −43.96 2006 Jan 21 27.530 0.429 j9e018r2q −42.98 2006 Jan 21 26.403 0.19 1.127 0.469
j9e019umq −42.96 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −41.98 2006 Jan 22 26.433 0.20
j9e020cdq −41.90 2006 Jan 23 j9e020c6q −40.91 2006 Jan 23 26.533 0.19
j9e021f9q −40.89 2006 Jan 24 26.998 0.365 j9e021f2q −39.85 2006 Jan 24 27.133 0.35 −0.135 0.506
j9e022hlq −39.89 2006 Jan 25 j9e022heq −38.85 2006 Jan 25 25.983 0.14
j9e023llq −38.89 2006 Jan 26 27.755 0.605 j9e023leq −37.85 2006 Jan 26 25.913 0.12 1.842 0.617
j9e024p5q −37.95 2006 Jan 27 27.187 0.339 j9e024oyq −36.92 2006 Jan 27 25.903 0.12 1.284 0.360
j9e025sdq −36.95 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −35.92 2006 Jan 28 25.623 0.09    
j9e026vxq −35.95 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq −35.02 2006 Jan 30 26.705 0.277 j9e027beq −34.05 2006 Jan 30 25.783 0.12 0.922 0.302
j9e028ejq −33.96 2006 Jan 31 27.336 0.255 j9e028ecq −32.92 2006 Jan 31 26.063 0.16 1.273 0.301
j9e029h6q −33.04 2006 Feb 01 26.590 0.244 j9e029gzq −32.05 2006 Feb 01 25.683 0.10 0.907 0.264
j9e030khq −32.04 2006 Feb 02 26.910 0.248 j9e030kaq −31.05 2006 Feb 02 25.723 0.11 1.187 0.271
j9e031ndq −31.10 2006 Feb 03 27.062 0.318 j9e031n6q −30.10 2006 Feb 03 25.613 0.09 1.449 0.330
j9e032pxq −30.16 2006 Feb 04 27.125 0.463
j9e033smq −29.36 2006 Feb 05 27.874 0.647 j9e033sfq −28.37 2006 Feb 05 25.393 0.08 2.481 0.652
j9e034w9q −27.57 2006 Feb 05 26.704 0.256
j9e035bkq −26.65 2006 Feb 06 27.505 0.506 j9e035bdq −26.65 2006 Feb 06 25.923 0.12 1.582 0.520
j9e036dbq −25.83 2006 Feb 07 26.994 0.309 j9e036d4q −25.79 2006 Feb 07 25.483 0.09 1.511 0.322
j9e037gnq −24.99 2006 Feb 08 26.441 0.150 j9e037ggq −24.98 2006 Feb 08 25.503 0.09 0.938 0.175
j9e038k1q −24.18 2006 Feb 09 j9e038juq −24.18 2006 Feb 09 25.303 0.07    
j9e039m9q −23.37 2006 Feb 10 26.902 0.313 j9e039m2q −23.38 2006 Feb 10 25.383 0.08 1.519 0.323
j9e040q6q −22.52 2006 Feb 10 26.968 0.290 j9e040pzq −22.52 2006 Feb 10 25.653 0.11 1.315 0.310
j9e041rwq −21.72 2006 Feb 11
j9e042u8q −20.90 2006 Feb 12 28.021 0.633 j9e042u1q −20.86 2006 Feb 12 25.683 0.11 2.338 0.642
j9e043dmq −20.05 2006 Feb 13 26.358 0.193 j9e043dfq −20.05 2006 Feb 13 25.433 0.09 0.925 0.213
j9e044h0q −19.25 2006 Feb 14 26.950 0.223 j9e044gtq −19.25 2006 Feb 14 25.233 0.06 1.717 0.231
j9e045j6q −18.44 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq −17.64 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq −16.84 2006 Feb 16 26.623 0.250 j9e047ogq −16.84 2006 Feb 16 25.483 0.10 1.140 0.269
j9e068qxq −16.04 2006 Feb 17 26.448 0.165
j9e073tfq −15.24 2006 Feb 18 26.966 0.345 j9e073t8q −15.24 2006 Feb 18 25.213 0.07 1.753 0.352
j9e076v4q −14.30 2006 Feb 19 26.793 0.396 j9e076uxq −14.27 2006 Feb 19 25.333 0.08 1.460 0.404
j9e086aoq −13.31 2006 Feb 20 28.134 0.973 j9e086ahq −13.27 2006 Feb 20 25.663 0.10 2.471 0.978
j9e092e9q −12.44 2006 Feb 21 26.311 0.141 j9e092e2q −12.40 2006 Feb 20 25.253 0.08 1.058 0.162
j9e048fzq −11.85 2006 Feb 21 26.761 0.260
j9e094giq −11.60 2006 Feb 21 26.514 0.179
j9e049wmq −6.78 2006 Feb 26 26.856 0.270 j9e049wfq −6.74 2006 Feb 26 25.483 0.09 1.373 0.285
j9e0a1bhq −5.94 2006 Feb 27 26.957 0.250 j9e0a6fzq −5.94 2006 Mar 01 25.163 0.06 1.794 0.257
j9e0a5drq −5.12 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q −4.33 2006 Mar 01 26.934 0.316 j9e0b8jvq −4.33 2006 Mar 02 25.403 0.08 1.531 0.326
j9e0b8k2q −3.31 2006 Mar 02 27.275 0.469 j9e0a8otq −3.28 2006 Mar 03 25.023 0.06 2.252 0.473
j9e0a8p0q −2.20 2006 Mar 03 26.672 0.221 j9e050tqq −2.21 2006 Mar 04 25.013 0.06 1.659 0.229
j9e050txq −0.87 2006 Mar 04 27.018 0.256 j9e0c4cbq −0.87 2006 Mar 05 25.133 0.06 1.885 0.263
j9e0c4xiq 0.00 2006 Mar 05 26.295 0.148 j9e0a1baq −0.01 2007 Feb 27 25.123 0.07 1.172 0.164
M87 Nova 32
j9e001zdq −37.32 2005 Dec 24 26.921 0.217 j9e001z6q −37.32 2005 Dec 24 27.020 0.21 −0.099 0.299
j9e002hgq −32.38 2005 Dec 29 26.717 0.160 j9e002h9q −32.34 2005 Dec 29 27.350 0.17 −0.633 0.236
j9e003d6q −27.32 2006 Jan 03 27.429 0.316 j9e003czq −26.28 2006 Jan 03 26.842 0.13 0.587 0.342
j9e004atq −22.07 2006 Jan 08 27.225 0.252 j9e004amq −21.08 2006 Jan 08 27.024 0.14 0.201 0.290
j9e005d7q −21.21 2006 Jan 09 27.165 0.241 j9e005d0q −20.21 2006 Jan 09 27.156 0.17 0.009 0.296
j9e006j4q −19.95 2006 Jan 10 27.040 0.237 j9e006ixq −19.01 2006 Jan 10 26.921 0.16 0.119 0.288
j9e007lwq −18.82 2006 Jan 11 27.099 0.223 j9e007lpq −17.82 2006 Jan 11 27.563 0.32 −0.464 0.392
j9e008orq −17.95 2006 Jan 12 27.130 0.246
j9e009qlq −17.22 2006 Jan 13 28.225 0.583 j9e009geq −16.21 2006 Jan 13 27.112 0.17 1.113 0.607
j9e010sgq −16.41 2006 Jan 14 26.888 0.194 j9e010s9q −15.41 2006 Jan 13 27.530 0.20 −0.642 0.276
j9e011uaq −15.46 2006 Jan 14 j9e011u3q −14.42 2006 Jan 14 27.172 0.14    
j9e012wzq −14.66 2006 Jan 15 26.981 0.193 j9e012wsq −13.62 2006 Jan 15 27.237 0.18 −0.256 0.263
j9e013ceq −13.82 2006 Jan 16 j9e013c7q −12.82 2006 Jan 16 26.868 0.12    
j9e014enq −12.94 2006 Jan 17 27.056 0.213 j9e014egq −11.95 2006 Jan 17 27.377 0.19 −0.321 0.286
j9e015iyq −11.94 2006 Jan 18 26.776 0.178 j9e015irq −10.95 2006 Jan 18 27.192 0.18 −0.416 0.256
j9e016m9q −10.94 2006 Jan 19 26.669 0.148
j9e017orq −9.88 2006 Jan 20 27.039 0.212 j9e017okq −8.89 2006 Jan 20 27.410 0.22 −0.371 0.306
j9e018r9q −8.94 2006 Jan 21 26.724 0.167 j9e018r2q −7.96 2006 Jan 21 27.407 0.22 −0.683 0.276
j9e019umq −7.94 2006 Jan 22 j9e019ufq −6.96 2006 Jan 22 27.476 0.28
j9e020cdq −6.88 2006 Jan 23 27.017 0.206 j9e020c6q −5.89 2006 Jan 23 27.594 0.27 −0.577 0.336
j9e021f9q −5.87 2006 Jan 24 26.721 0.174 j9e021f2q −4.83 2006 Jan 24 27.546 0.21 −0.825 0.276
j9e022hlq −4.87 2006 Jan 25 26.798 0.185 j9e022heq −3.83 2006 Jan 25 27.929 0.31 −1.131 0.364
j9e023llq −3.87 2006 Jan 26 26.815 0.184 j9e023leq −2.83 2006 Jan 26 27.737 0.25 −0.922 0.312
j9e024p5q −2.93 2006 Jan 27 26.972 0.224 j9e024oyq −1.90 2006 Jan 27 27.624 0.25 −0.652 0.339
j9e025sdq −1.93 2006 Jan 28 j9e025s6q −0.90 2006 Jan 28 27.425 0.19
j9e026vxq −0.93 2006 Jan 29
j9e027blq 0.00 2006 Jan 30 26.326 0.126 j9e027beq 0.97 2006 Jan 30 27.794 0.30 −1.468 0.325
j9e028ejq 1.06 2006 Jan 31 26.799 0.187 j9e028ecq 2.10 2006 Jan 31 27.642 0.24 −0.843 0.300
j9e029h6q 1.98 2006 Feb 01 26.650 0.151 j9e029gzq 2.97 2006 Feb 01 27.838 0.40 −1.188 0.431
j9e030khq 2.98 2006 Feb 02 26.692 0.152 j9e030kaq 3.97 2006 Feb 02 28.728 0.66 −2.036 0.675
j9e031ndq 3.92 2006 Feb 03 27.314 0.268 j9e031n6q 4.92 2006 Feb 03 28.018 0.34 −0.704 0.433
j9e032pxq 4.86 2006 Feb 04 26.539 0.128
j9e033smq 5.66 2006 Feb 05 j9e033sfq 6.65 2006 Feb 05 27.684 0.23
j9e034w9q 7.45 2006 Feb 05 26.597 0.142
j9e035bkq 8.37 2006 Feb 06 26.738 0.147 j9e035bdq 8.37 2006 Feb 06 28.663 0.50 −1.925 0.523
j9e036dbq 9.19 2006 Feb 07 j9e036d4q 9.23 2006 Feb 07 29.926 1.90
j9e037gnq 10.03 2006 Feb 08 27.151 0.208 j9e037ggq 10.04 2006 Feb 08
j9e038k1q 10.84 2006 Feb 09 26.761 0.165 j9e038juq 10.84 2006 Feb 09 28.112 0.30 −1.351 0.344
j9e039m9q 11.65 2006 Feb 10 26.976 0.208 j9e039m2q 11.64 2006 Feb 10 28.159 0.36 −1.183 0.416
j9e040q6q 12.50 2006 Feb 10 26.954 0.191 j9e040pzq 12.50 2006 Feb 10 28.809 0.61 −1.855 0.634
j9e041rwq 13.30 2006 Feb 11 27.035 0.200
j9e042u8q 14.12 2006 Feb 12 26.666 0.166 j9e042u1q 14.16 2006 Feb 12 29.453 1.25 −2.787 1.256
j9e043dmq 14.97 2006 Feb 13 26.456 0.128 j9e043dfq 14.97 2006 Feb 13 28.481 0.44 −2.025 0.460
j9e044h0q 15.77 2006 Feb 14 26.648 0.142 j9e044gtq 15.77 2006 Feb 14
j9e045j6q 16.58 2006 Feb 15
j9e046moq 17.38 2006 Feb 15
j9e047onq 18.18 2006 Feb 16 26.740 0.166 j9e047ogq 18.18 2006 Feb 16 28.405 0.45 −1.665 0.482
j9e068qxq 18.98 2006 Feb 17
j9e073tfq 19.78 2006 Feb 18 26.443 0.123 j9e073t8q 19.78 2006 Feb 18 27.899 0.28 −1.456 0.303
j9e076v4q 20.72 2006 Feb 19 26.631 0.171 j9e076uxq 20.75 2006 Feb 19
j9e086aoq 21.71 2006 Feb 20 26.659 0.169 j9e086ahq 21.75 2006 Feb 20 27.737 0.27 −1.078 0.320
j9e092e9q 22.58 2006 Feb 21 j9e092e2q 22.62 2006 Feb 20
j9e048fzq 23.17 2006 Feb 21 27.101 0.224
j9e094giq 23.42 2006 Feb 21 26.521 0.130
j9e049wmq 28.24 2006 Feb 26 j9e049wfq 28.28 2006 Feb 26 29.597 1.84
j9e0a1bhq 29.08 2006 Feb 27 26.626 0.151 j9e0a6fzq 29.08 2006 Mar 01 27.506 0.23 −0.880 0.273
j9e0a5drq 29.90 2006 Feb 28
j9e0a6g6q 30.69 2006 Mar 01 26.652 0.159 j9e0b8jvq 30.69 2006 Mar 02
j9e0b8k2q 31.71 2006 Mar 02 j9e0a8otq 31.74 2006 Mar 03
j9e0a8p0q 32.82 2006 Mar 03 26.622 0.155 j9e050tqq 32.81 2006 Mar 04
j9e050txq 34.15 2006 Mar 04 26.500 0.133 j9e0c4cbq 34.15 2006 Mar 05
j9e0c4xiq 35.02 2006 Mar 05 26.626 0.138 j9e0a1baq 35.01 2007 Feb 27 29.235 0.89

Download table as:  ASCIITypeset images: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Figures 4(a), (b) and 5 display 31 nova light curves (since these are V band curves, M87 Nova 32 is not included) over-plotted onto each other to show their V magnitudes, rises, and declines in comparison to each other. Figures 6(a), (b) and 7 complement Figures 4(a), (b) and 5 by displaying the I band light curves for all 32 CNe. Our novae run the gamut from bright, fast novae to faint, slow novae.

Figure 4.

Figure 4. (a) 32 M87 nova V light curves overplotted as a function of days from maximum light. The 32 colored integers identify the 32 classical nova light curves with the same 32 novae displayed in Figures 1, 2, and 3. (b) Figure 4(a) zoomed in for more detail around the peak magnitude. The same color-coding scheme is used here, and in Figures 5 through 8, inclusive.

Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 5.

Figure 5. 32 M87 classical nova V light curves overplotted to the same (arbitrary) maximum V magnitude, zoomed in for detail.

Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 6.

Figure 6. (a) 32 M87 classical nova I light curves overplotted as a function of days from maximum light. (b) Figure 6(a) zoomed in for more detail around the peak magnitude.

Standard image High-resolution image
Figure 7.

Figure 7. 32 M87 classical nova I light curves overplotted to the same (arbitrary) maximum I magnitude, zoomed in for detail.

Standard image High-resolution image

Based on its planetary nebula luminosity function, surface brightness fluctuations method, linear diameters of globular clusters, and tip of the red giant branch method, the distance to M87 was determined to be d = (16.4 ± 0.5) Mpc by Bird et al. (2010), corresponding to a distance modulus of 31.1, which we adopt. Then the apparent F606W magnitude of our brightest nova (nova 1) at peak brightness (which is V = 21.8), corresponds to an absolute V magnitude of −9.3. The brightest novae, like our nova 1, are an order of magnitude more luminous than the Eddington luminosity of a nearly Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf (Shara 1981a). The peak brightness of our faintest classical nova (nova 32) is V = 25.3, corresponding to an absolute V magnitude of −5.8. The peak brightness of our faintest slow, redder nova candidates is I = 25.6, corresponding to an absolute I magnitude of −5.5. These correspond to the Eddington luminosities of the lowest mass white dwarfs, roughly 0.4–0.5 Msun, that can produce thermonuclear runaways (Yaron et al. 2005). The vast majority of CNe (Shara 1981a, 1981b) are found in exactly the brightness range we find for the M87 novae.

The only nova whose light curve displays a somewhat time-symmetric rise and fall is nova 23. This raises the possibility that the brightening of this one object might be due to a microlensing event. However, the VI color of object 23 changes by over 1.5 mag during the outburst, ruling out microlensing.

The faintest novae and the most luminous Mira variables overlap in luminosity (Darnley et al. 2004). Thus Miras, near maximum, may be mistaken for slow novae in surveys which only search for variables without measuring their colors. Fortunately, Miras become bluer as they approach maximum light, while novae are reddest at maximum (Darnley et al. 2004). The shape of a variable's color curve is thus a good indicator of whether it is a Mira or a nova. We demonstrate this in Figure 8(a), where the color curves of 31 M87 CNe, and our fainter variables are plotted. The smoothed, median classical nova light curve (seen as a thick red line in Figure 8(a)) is clearly reddest, with $(V-I)\sim 0.4$, near maximum brightness. This happens because nova envelopes' photospheres are at maximum size, and coolest, near maximum light. At first glance, the faintest nova candidates (labelled Symb novae for convenience) might be mistaken for Miras as they display the opposite color evolution—bluest at peak—as seen in Figure 8(a). However, as already noted, these variables are 2.5 mag too blue to be Miras. A closeup of the nova color curves is shown in Figure 8(b).

Figure 8.

Figure 8. (a) Nova $(V-I)$ color curves overplotted as a function of days from maximum light. The thick red line is the median of 32 classical nova color curves, while the thick black line labelled "SYMB NOVAE" is the median of the brightest nine variables which are probably very slow and/or symbiotic novae. (b) Figure 8(a) zoomed in for more detail around the peak magnitude. The thick red line is the median of all nova color curves.

Standard image High-resolution image

4. RISE AND DECLINE TIME CORRELATIONS

In Table 3 we list the angular distance (in arcseconds) from the center of M87, the R.A. and decl., the maximum brightnesses in V and I band magnitudes, and the times to rise to, and fall from maximum brightness by 1 and 2 mag, for each of the CNe in our sample.

Table 3.  Positions, and Rise and Decline Times of M87 Novae

Nova Radial Distance R.A. Decl. Imax Vmax t1rise t2rise t1decline t2decline
# (arcsec) (HH:MM:SS.ss) (DD:MM:SS.ss) (mag) (mag) (days) (days) (days) (days)
1 14.80 12:30:48.85 +12:23:16.91 21.54 21.84 1.97 4.60 8.52 15.24
2 33.32 12:30:49.85 +12:22:56.80 21.85 22.25 1.41 2.85 0.92 11.25
3 110.87 12:30:54.23 +12:22:03.05 22.71 22.64 4.86 9.72 0.94 2.01
4 4.99 12:30:49.60 +12:23:24.82 22.28 22.74 2.27 4.74 3.56 7.66
5 14.20 12:30:46.86 +12:23:47.97 22.74 22.99 1.34 2.46 7.13 17.13
6 42.23 12:30:50.38 +12:23:25.86 22.70 23.18 0.93 2.61 3.70 11.17
7 10.86 12:30:49.92 +12:23:20.93 23.61 23.21 0.90 1.80 4.75 9.33
8 18.67 12:30:48.18 +12:23:31.37 22.95 23.37 1.75 2.75 1.82 3.72
9 19.29 12:30:49.16 +12:23:46.32 24.97 23.42
10 16.76 12:30:49.68 +12:23:45.43 23.27 23.51 1.90 4.28 7.14 22.34
11 46.41 12:30:51.94 +12:23:57.37 23.03 23.57 1.22 2.21 14.80 28.92
12 92.15 12:30:50.54 +12:24:59.69 23.17 23.58 0.95 1.76 10.22 33.07
13 70.36 12:30:46.14 +12:22:37.80 23.39 23.67 0.65 1.31 3.29 6.69
14 16.43 12:30:48.48 +12:23:37.68 23.62 23.74 1.49 4.10 15.13 31.49
15 5.31 12:30:49.47 +12:23:23.77 23.31 23.75
16 57.24 12:30:53.18 +12:23:44.84 23.51 23.77 1.56 3.14 13.22 32.62
17 82.83 12:30:43.79 +12:23:34.65 23.64 23.81 2.16 4.41 13.81 30.41
18 60.02 12:30:47.73 +12:24:23.67 23.28 23.83 5.19 9.09 1.88 3.75
19 5.21 12:30:49.07 +12:23:28.82 23.65 23.90 1.31 2.42 4.00 8.96
20 28.80 12:30:51.38 +12:23:33.04 23.51 23.94 4.90 9.80 15.90 36.29
21 45.54 12:30:47.56 +12:22:52.73 23.75 24.07 2.36 6.03 8.59 29.89
22 47.61 12:30:46.23 +12:23:21.99 23.69 24.14 3.51 7.87 4.16 8.33
23 40.90 12:30:47.89 +12:22:54.95 23.95 24.16 3.83 12.13 2.52 7.96
24 17.73 12:30:49.48 +12:23:09.76 24.65 24.19
25 54.75 12:30:47.09 +12:24:11.68 24.06 24.27
26 92.21 12:30:47.76 +12:22:00.15 25.83 24.38
27 94.97 12:30:44.25 +12:24:26.28 25.00 24.82
28 53.29 12:30:49.73 +12:24:22.06 24.93 24.93
29 133.03 12:30:54.53 +12:21:38.70 25.66 25.18
30 97.94 12:30:49.62 +12:25:06.81 24.75 25.19
31 49.63 12:30:46.79 +12:22:58.00 25.01 25.32
32 65.05 12:30:46.93 +12:22:35.26 25.31 25.32
33 67.11 12:30:45.04 +12:23:10.08 25.22 25.01
34 62.36 12:30:45.31 +12:23:44.69 25.67 25.86
35 61.60 12:30:53.18 +12:23:01.07 25.29 25.88
36 79.03 12:30:44.36 +12:23:02:03 25.17 25.91
37 59.42 12:30:53.46 +12:23:36.23 25.70 25.95
38 98.89 12:30:45.47 +12:24:49.12 25.30 26.01
39 69.08 12:30:44.94 +12:23:55.18 25.79 26.13
40 52.08 12:30:45.90 +12:23:34.29 25.81 26.20
41 64.52 12:30:46.68 +12:22:38.69 25.01 26.30

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The novae included in the decline and rise time statistics are only the ones where a clear decline and rise are measurable. If a nova is only observed to rise or only to decline, then the color at peak brightness ${(V-I)}_{\mathrm{peak}}$ cannot be accurately determined, so these novae were excluded from the plots and statistics. 22/32 novae were used in the decline statistics and 21/32 novae were used in the rise statistics. In Figure 9 we plot the $(V-I$) color, at maximum V light, versus the time to rise 1 or 2 magnitudes to maximum light, or the time to decline 1 or 2 mag from maximum light. It is clear from the plots that there is no correlation between nova color and the rapidity with which it rises to, or declines from peak brightness.

Figure 9.

Figure 9.  ${(V-I)}_{\mathrm{peak}}$ color of M87 novae vs. times required to decline or rise by 1 or 2 mag, respectively. Only those novae which clearly show a rise, a peak, and a decline are used in Figures 9 through 13, inclusive. Rise and decline times are in days, and the nova number corresponds to those in Figures 1, 2, and 3.

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In Figure 10 we plot the time required for a nova to rise either 1 or 2 mag, to reach peak brightness, versus the time required to decline 1 mag from peak brightness. There is no correlation between the rise and decline times of the M87 novae.

Figure 10.

Figure 10. Rise times of 1 and 2 mag plotted as a function of decline time of 1 mag.

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The absolute magnitude—rate of decline relationship (often referred to as the MMRD relation) (Zwicky 1936; Mclaughlin 1945) has been investigated as a distance indicator for nearly a century. We will defer a full discussion of the implications of the results of the present work for MMRD to a subsequent paper. Here, in Figure 11, we simply plot the peak V magnitudes of the 23 novae we observed in M87 (with well-observed peak magnitudes) versus the time to decline 2 mag from peak brightness. The extensive nova grid models of Yaron et al. (2005) first predicted the existence of faint, fast novae. Kasliwal et al. (2011) first observationally demonstrated the existence of eight of these novae in M31. These faint, fast novae greatly weaken the MMRD correlation. Six of the 23 novae in M87 with well-measured properties are similar to the faint, fast novae of Kasliwal et al. (2011), confirming that these objects are both common and ubiquitous. Figure 11 strengthens Kasliwal et al. (2011)'s conclusion that the scatter in the MMRD is far too large for it to be anything but a very rough distance indicator.

Figure 11.

Figure 11. Peak F606W (V) magnitude vs. t2decline–the MMRD relation.

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In Figure 12 we plot the histograms of the observed times required for novae to rise to maximum, or decline from maximum by one or two magnitudes. The decline time histograms are subject to at least two observational biases. First, the interval over which we observed M87—72 days—is significantly shorter than the decline times (years) of the most slowly declining novae. Second, the most slowly declining novae are also among the faintest such objects. The incompleteness of detection of faint novae, discussed below, rises toward the center of M87. Thus we are confident that the relative numbers of very rapidly declining novae (t1decline and t2decline less than 5 days and 10 days, respectively) are larger than those of novae taking 10 days and 20 days, respectively. The relative numbers of fainter, more slowly declining novae are subject to significant incompleteness corrections.

Figure 12.

Figure 12. Histograms of decline and rise times for M87 novae.

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It is often said that novae rise to maximum brightness in just a day or two. Figure 12 demonstrates that this statement is an oversimplification. Nine of 22 novae (41%) take longer than 2 days to complete the last 1 mag rise to maximum. Even more striking is that 6 of 22 novae (27%) require 5 days or more to rise the last 2 mag to maximum light. This is in accord with theoretical models of nova light curves (Hillman et al. 2014).

In Figure 13 we plot the rise and decline times, and the $(V-I)$ colors at peak brightness, as functions of the radial distance of each nova from the center of M87. This is motivated by the suggestion of Della Valle & Livio (1998) that faster and more luminous novae are more concentrated to the plane of our Galaxy than fainter and slower novae. While there is no way of knowing how many Virgo Cluster galaxies M87 has absorbed, that number is likely to be large. The M87 novae must have been accreted from many galaxies. If we regard the novae as tracers of past accretion events, we can check if dynamical stirring has thoroughly mixed M87's accreted galaxies, and by implication, its novae. It is clear that there are no trends in any of the plots of Figure 13; we do not see faster or bluer novae concentrated in any particular region of M87.

Figure 13.

Figure 13. Rise and decline times and ${(V-I)}_{\mathrm{peak}}$ colors of CNe as a function of distance from the center of M87.

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5. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

5.1. Cumulative Novae/M87 Light

We measured the cumulative V band light of M87 in circular, concentric annuli. This is a good approximation as M87 is almost spherical, and its isophotal twists are minor (Kormendy et al. 2009). We then plotted the cumulative nova fraction and the cumulative light of M87 in Figure 14. The novae appear to track the light of M87 with remarkable fidelity. This is confirmed by the Kolmogorov–Smirnoff test which finds no evidence for a difference in the M87 light and nova distributions, even at just the 95% confidence level. Shafter et al. (2000) first suggested that the novae in M87 track the galaxy's light from a sparse ground-based sample (nine novae); this is now demonstrated to be valid in the central regions of M87 on the basis of our larger sample.

Figure 14.

Figure 14. The cumulative fraction of CNe and light of M87 as a function of distance from the center of the galaxy.

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The 32 novae detected in our survey, as suggested by Figure 1, show no obvious, strong concentration in the inner 10 arcsec of M87, contrary to the suggestion of Madrid et al. (2007). However, our F606W and F814W filter images are less sensitive than the HST Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) near-ultraviolet observations of Madrid et al. (2007) to novae. This is especially true in the inner core of M87, where the high surface brightness of the light of red giants makes the detection of novae nearly impossible in visible light. Completeness tests are clearly needed to settle this question.

5.2. Completeness

Tests were conducted in order to determine our completeness in finding novae in M87. We added 10 artificial novae in successive radial annuli of width 20 pixels. The magnitudes of these artificial novae ranged from ∼21 to ∼27 in increments of 0.2 mag for V five-day drizzled images, and both I single and five-day drizzled images. We then blinked through images, going to successively fainter magnitudes, to measure when the artificial novae were no longer visible in each radial annulus. This process yielded limiting magnitudes for nova detection at specific distances from the center of M87. The magnitude at which our completeness of detection is 50% as a function of radial distance from the center of M87 is presented in Figure 15. As noted in Section 3.2, the least luminous novae ever detected display absolute V magnitudes M = −5.8 (Shara 1981a, 1981b), corresponding to V = 25.3 in M87. Figure 15 warns that we must be missing a majority of the faint novae in the inner 25'' of M87, and almost all novae in the inner 10''. In the following section we discuss how we correct for this incompleteness in our determination of the nova rate in M87.

Figure 15.

Figure 15. Magnitude at 50% recovery in each radial bin for five-day drizzled V images (black squares), single-day I images (red triangles), and five-day drizzled I images (green circles).

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6. THE NOVA RATE IN M87

Ground-based searches for extragalactic novae are often plagued by gaps in observing, due to bad weather and/or the full moon, as well as large nightly variations in seeing and detection limits. None of these effects, of course, occur for HST data, so we were able to gather a highly uniform imaging data set for M87 that is unique for studies of extragalactic novae. No other galaxy has ever been surveyed by HST as regularly, for as long a period of time, and with the same high cadence of observations, as M87.

6.1. A Simple Estimate

A simple estimate of the M87 annual nova rate R is the number of novae observed to erupt during 72 days (26 novae) divided by the fraction of a year over which they were observed. (We exclude the six novae numbered 9, 23, 26, 28, 30, and 32, because their eruptions were underway before the observing window started. To be extremely conservative in our rate estimate we also exclude the nine faint variables, numbered 33–41, that are likely slow and/or symbiotic novae). We find R = 26/(72/365) = 132 ± 11 novae yr−1, where the estimated error is simply due to Poisson statistics. No corrections for incompleteness due to observing gaps (Ciardullo et al. 1990) are needed because of the high cadence—daily—of observations. We can also be confident that we are not missing novae because of dust obscuration, as evidenced by M87's lack of far-infrared emission (Baes et al. 2010), lack of cool molecular gas (Salomé & Combes 2008; Tan et al. 2008), and non-detection of significant intrinsic absorption in the galaxy's X-ray spectrum (Böhringer et al. 2002).

A first significant correction that we must apply to the rate calculation is the fraction of novae we miss because they fall outside of HST's 202'' × 202'' FOV. Kormendy et al. (2009) measured the V band magnitude of M87 to be 8.30. We measured M87's surface brightness profile from our F814W image and matched it to the Kormendy et al. (2009) extended V band profile, allowing us to correct for the sky background of the ACS field. This also gave us the V band zero point, tying our photometry to that of Kormendy et al. (2009). We calculate the total apparent V mag for the portion of M87 in the ACS as V = 9.28, corresponding to 41% of the galaxy's light. Applying only this areal correction, while ignoring both our incompleteness in detection of faint novae (discussed below), brings our simple rate estimate to 322 ± 27 novae yr−1.

A second significant correction that we must apply to our rate calculation is the number of novae we miss because of the high surface brightness in the inner part of M87. Inspection of Figure 1 shows that nova 31, the second faintest of the entire sample (and, with nova 32, as faint as any nova has ever been measured at maximum light), is detected just 30 arcsec from the nucleus. This suggests that very few novae are missed because of background light any further out than nova 31. Conversely, 10 of the 15 brightest novae in our sample of 32 novae are located within 10'' of M87's nucleus. Even more telling is that none of the 17 faintest novae in our sample are found in the inner 10'' of M87. Both of these facts strongly suggest that fainter novae are being missed there. Figure 15 quantifies this suggestion, as discussed in the previous section, and we incorporate it in the following simulation.

6.2. Simulated Novae and the Nova Rate in M87

A more sophisticated simulation of the nova rate, which rigorously allows for the incompleteness quantified in Figure 15, and a realistic distribution of nova peak brightnesses and fade times was extensively described and implemented by Neill & Shara (2004) to determine the nova rate in M81. We have adopted the same general methodology, which involves choosing synthetic novae at random from a representative sample of novae with a distribution of speed classes and maximum brightnesses that match those in the galaxy under observation. Each randomly chosen nova is placed in the 202'' × 202'' HST FOV of M87, weighted by the local surface brightness. If the nova was bright enough to be detected against the M87 background light of Figure 16 on at least two occasions then it was counted as part of the nova rate. Full details of the simulation methodology are given in Neill & Shara (2004).

Figure 16.

Figure 16. Histograms of the distributions of times to decay by 2 mag for the most complete samples of novae in the Galactic Bulge, M31, and M87 (the present work). The samples have time baselines of about 15 years (the Bulge), 1.5 years (M31), and 72 days (M87). Longer baselines lead to the detections of more slowly decaying, intrinsically fainter novae, important ingredients in correctly deriving the rate of nova eruptions in a galaxy. See the text for details.

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The accuracy of our nova rate simulations in M87 is tied to the similarity of the distribution of nova maximum brightnesses and rates of decline in the set of light curves from which we draw novae at random. Until recently the largest sample of CNe detected in a uniform fashion in a single, densely sampled broadband survey was the 30 novae in M31 found by Arp (1956) over the course of two observing seasons spanning 18 months. (The five year-long survey of Ciardullo et al. (1987) detected 35 novae, but in Hα, and with much sparser time sampling. Rosino (1973) and Hubble (1929) identified 44 and 85 novae in M31, respectively, but their light curves are relatively sparsely sampled and many of the rates of decline are indeterminate as maximum brightness was missed.) The 18 month baseline of Arp's M31 sample is important because slow novae (those declining on timescales longer than 100–150 days) are difficult to detect in shorter surveys, even those with a cadence as high as our M87 survey. The slowest novae in Arp's sample displayed decline times of 150 days, but slower Galactic novae (e.g., PU Vul and V723 Cas) are known to exist. Are they common? It is important to answer this question as a distribution of light curves that is skewed toward fast, luminous novae and missing very slow, less luminous novae will incorrectly estimate a galaxy's nova rate.

Despite the irregular cadence of observations, and gaps due to lunation and variable seeing, the fraction of very slow novae in M31 (those novae with decline times of years), can be estimated from the work of Hubble (1929). Three novae out of 85 he identified were visible for at least 4.5, 5.5, and 11 years. They are probably symbiotic novae (see Mikolajewska 2010 for a recent review of symbiotic novae). The next longest observed nova in Hubble (1929)'s sample was seen for 238 days; during this time it was within 1.7 mag of its peak brightness. It was not observed in previous or subsequent observing seasons. Three very slow symbiotic novae from a total sample of 85 novae corresponds to an occurrence rate of about 3.5%.

Recently the results of a search for novae during the OGLE campaign have been published by Mróz et al. (2015). A total of 34 Galactic Bulge novae with well-determined decline times were identified in this and other Galactic Bulge surveys, as were two symbiotic novae. This suggests a somewhat higher incidence of symbiotic novae, of order 5.5%, than detected by Hubble (1929), but of course both samples suffer from small-number statistics. Nevertheless, it is clear from both the Hubble (1929) and Mróz et al. (2015) samples that very slow novae, detectable for longer than about two years, are probably not more than about 5% of the total nova population.

The 15 year long OGLE nova survey has the longest baseline and highest cadences (typically several times weekly) of any published continuum-band nova survey. As already noted, high cadence is important to detect the fastest novae, while long baselines (years) are essential to detect the most slowly declining novae. A comparison of the well-determined decline times for 22 novae in M87 from the survey presented in this paper, 30 novae in M31 from Arp's survey, and 34 Galactic Bulge novae from Mróz et al. (2015) is shown in Figure 16. It is clear that only the Mróz et al. (2015) Bulge survey detects the slowest novae, including one with a decay time of 600 days omitted from the figure. We thus chose to use the Mróz et al. (2015) sample, rather than our own M87 or the Arp M31 samples, as the source of novae for our simulation. The decay times of the Bulge sample are very well determined. We assigned their absolute magnitudes at maximum by matching the decay times to those of M31 novae.

We carried out 10,000 trials in which we chose novae at random from the Mróz et al. (2015) Bulge sample of novae, and placed them at random in M87, weighted by the local surface brightness. Our simulation determined whether the randomly chosen nova was bright enough to be seen against the light of M87 where it was placed. The results are shown in Figure 17, wherein we derive a most probable rate in the 202'' × 202'' HST FOV to be $R={149}_{-18.3}^{+13.4}$ novae yr−1. This rate is consistent with the simple estimate (132 ± 11 novae yr−1) given above. Also as noted above, the ACS FOV covers just 41% of the light of M87. Correcting for this areal incompleteness we arrive at the global M87 nova rate of ${363}_{-45}^{+33}$ novae yr−1 in M87. This rate is four times higher than the ground-based observations' estimate of 91 ± 34 novae yr−1 in M87 (Shafter et al. 2000), and 2.4 times higher than the ground-based estimated rate of M87 novae of ${154}_{-19}^{+23}$ of Curtin et al. (2015).

Figure 17.

Figure 17. The distribution of probabilities of varying annual classical nova rates in the area of M87 imaged by HST. The most probable rate in the 202'' × 202'' HST FOV is $R={149}_{-18.3}^{+13.4}$ classical novae yr−1, which corresponds to a global M87 classical nova rate of ${363}_{-45}^{+33}$ novae yr−1. That conservative rate ONLY assumes the brightest 32 novae in our sample to be true novae. The nova rate is significantly higher if some or all of the slow/symbiotic nova candidates (numbered 33–41, inclusive) are, in fact, novae.

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By adopting an M87 distance of 15.2 ± 0.2 Mpc, Shafter et al. (2000) derived a K-band luminosity for M87 of 39.8 ± 8.2 × ${10}^{10}\,{L}_{\odot }{,}_{K}$. Correcting that luminosity to our adopted distance of 16.4 ± 0.4 Mpc, and combining with our rate of ${363}_{-45}^{+33}$ novae yr−1 we derive a luminosity-specific nova rate (LSNR) of ${7.88}_{-2.6}^{+2.3}\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}/{10}^{10}\,{L}_{\odot }{,}_{K}$, which is also 3.4 times higher than the measurement of Shafter et al. (2000). This discrepancy is understandable if previous (mostly) ground-based surveys miss both the faint, fast novae, and almost all slow novae near the centers of galaxies. We conclude that the nova rates and LSNR of galaxies are several times larger than the values currently accepted.

7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

During a 72 day long observing campaign we have located 32 erupting CNe in the giant elliptical galaxy M87. We also found nine likely slow and/or symbiotic novae. Their light and color curves are presented, and their spatial distribution is shown to follow that of the galaxy light. No correlations are found between the colors, rise or decline times, or position within M87, of the novae. Six of the novae are of the faint and fast variety first described by Kasliwal et al. (2011). This detection demonstrates the ubiquitous nature of these novae, and further weakens claims of the utility of the decline rates of CNe as distance indicators.

We find twice as many of the most rapidly declining novae (in less than 5 days) compared to novae with 5–10 day decline times. We compare the distribution of speed classes of our 32 CNe in M87 with those in M31 and in the Galactic Bulge. Each of the longer time baseline surveys (in M31 and the Galactic Bulge) has a larger fraction of slow novae than our M87 sample. After accounting for incompleteness in our discovery of fainter novae, especially near the center of M87, and for the unobserved outer parts of this galaxy, we derive an annual nova rate of ${363}_{-45}^{+33}$ novae yr−1 for M87. This is a conservative estimate because we omitted the fainter slow and/or symbiotic nova candidates. We also report the LSNR for this galaxy, which is ${7.88}_{-2.6}^{+2.3}\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}/{10}^{10}\,{L}_{\odot }{,}_{K}$. Both rates are 3.4 times larger than those for M87 and M49 reported by Shafter et al. (2000) and by Ferrarese et al. (2003), respectively. We suggest that most previous surveys miss both the faint, fast novae, and almost all slow novae near the centers of galaxies. Thus the nova rates and LSNR of galaxies are probably several times larger than the values currently accepted.

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the STScI team responsible for ensuring timely and accurate implementation of our M87 program. Support for program #10543 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. This research has been partly supported by the Polish NCN grant DEC-2013/10/M/ST9/00086. M.M.S. gratefully acknowledges the support of Hilary and Ethel Lipsitz, longtime friends of the AMNH Astrophysics department. We thank a referee for a careful reading and useful suggestions that improved earlier versions of the paper.

Footnotes

  • Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.

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10.3847/0067-0049/227/1/1