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technical report
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The following article is Open access
The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment
The KATRIN collaboration, M. Aker1, K. Altenmüller2,3, J.F. Amsbaugh4, M. Arenz5, M. Babutzka1,6, J. Bast1, S. Bauer7, H. Bechtler1, M. Beck7, A. Beglarian8, J. Behrens1,6,7, B. Bender1, R. Berendes7, A. Berlev9, U. Besserer1, C. Bettin1, B. Bieringer7, K. Blaum10, F. Block6, S. Bobien11, M. Böttcher7, J. Bohn1, K. Bokeloh7, H. Bolz1, B. Bornschein1, L. Bornschein1, H. Bouquet8, N.M. Boyd4, T. Brunst2,12, T.H. Burritt4, T.S. Caldwell13,14, Z. Chaoui4,15, S. Chilingaryan8, W. Choi6, T.J. Corona13,14, G.A. Cox1, K. Debowski16, M. Deffert6, M. Descher6, D. Díaz Barrero17, P.J. Doe4, O. Dragoun18, G. Drexlin6, J.A. Dunmore4, S. Dyba7, F. Edzards2,12, F. Eichelhardt1,6, K. Eitel1, E. Ellinger16, R. Engel1, S. Enomoto4, M. Erhard1,6, D. Eversheim5, M. Fedkevych7, A. Felden1, S. Fischer1, J.A. Formaggio19, F.M. Fränkle1,13,14, G.B. Franklin20, H. Frenzel1, F. Friedel6, A. Fulst7, K. Gauda7, R. Gehring11, W. Gil1, F. Glück1, S. Görhardt1,6, J. Grimm1, R. Grössle1, S. Groh1,6, S. Grohmann11, R. Gumbsheimer1, M. Hackenjos1,6, D. Häßler1, V. Hannen7, F. Harms1,6, G.C. Harper4, J. Hartmann8, N. Haußmann16, F. Heizmann1,6, K. Helbing16, M. Held1, S. Hickford1,6, D. Hilk1,6, B. Hillen7, R. Hiller6, D. Hillesheimer1, D. Hinz1, T. Höhn1, M. Hötzel1,6, S. Holzmann11, S. Horn1, T. Houdy2,12, M.A. Howe13,14, A. Huber6, T. James21,1, A. Jansen1, M. Kaiser1, C. Karl2,12, O. Kazachenko11, J. Kellerer6, L. Kippenbrock4, M. Kleesiek1,6, M. Kleifges8, J. Kleinfeller1, M. Klein1,6, C. Köhler2,12, L. Köllenberger1, A. Kopmann8, M. Korzeczek6, A. Kosmider1,6, A. Kovalík18, B. Krasch1, H. Krause1, M. Kraus1,6, L. Kuckert1,6, A. Kumb1, N. Kunka8, T. Lasserre3, L. La Cascio6, O. Lebeda18, M.L. Leber4, B. Lehnert22, B. Leiber1,6, J. Letnev23, R.J. Lewis24, T.L. Le1, S. Lichter1, A. Lokhov7,9, J.M. Lopez Poyato17, M. Machatschek6, E. Malcherek1, M. Mark1, A. Marsteller1, E.L. Martin4,13,14, K. Mehret1, M. Meloni1, C. Melzer1, A. Menshikov8, S. Mertens2,12, L.I. Minter (née Bodine)4, B. Monreal25,26, J. Mostafa8, K. Müller1, A.W. Myers4, U. Naumann16, H. Neumann11, S. Niemes1, P. Oelpmann7, A. Off1, H.-W. Ortjohann7, A. Osipowicz23, B. Ostrick7, D.S. Parno20, D.A. Peterson4, P. Plischke1, A.W.P. Poon22, M. Prall7, F. Priester1, P.C.-O. Ranitzsch7, J. Reich1,6, P. Renschler1,6, O. Rest7, R. Rinderspacher1, R.G.H. Robertson4, W. Rodejohann10, C. Rodenbeck7, M. Röllig1, C. Röttele1,6, P. Rohr8, S. Rupp1, M. Ryšavý18, R. Sack7, A. Saenz27, M. Sagawe1, P. Schäfer1, A. Schaller (née Pollithy)2,12, L. Schimpf6, K. Schlösser1, M. Schlösser1, L. Schlüter2,12, S. Schneidewind7, H. Schön11, K. Schönung1, M. Schrank1, B. Schulz27, J. Schwarz1,6, M. Šefčík18, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk6, W. Seller23, V. Sibille19, D. Siegmann2,12, M. Slezák2,12, F. Spanier1, M. Steidl1, M. Sturm1, M. Sun4, D. Tcherniakhovski8, H.H. Telle17,21, L.A. Thorne20, T. Thümmler1, N. Titov9, I. Tkachev9, N. Trost1,6, K. Urban2,12, K. Valerius1, B.A. VanDevender4, T.D. Van Wechel4, D. Vénos18, A. Verbeek1, R. Vianden5, A.P. Vizcaya Hernández20, K. Vogt1, B.L. Wall4, N. Wandkowsky1,6, M. Weber8, H. Weingardt1, C. Weinheimer7, C. Weiss28, S. Welte1, J. Wendel1, K.J. Wierman4,13,14, J.F. Wilkerson13,14, J. Wolf6, S. Wüstling8, W. Xu19, Y.-R. Yen20, M. Zacher7, S. Zadoroghny9, M. Zboril7,18 and G. Zeller1
1 Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
2 Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
8 Institute for Data Processing and Electronics (IPE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
9 Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a, 117312 Moscow, Russia
10 Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
11 Institute for Technical Physics (ITEP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
12 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München, Germany
13 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, U.S.A.
The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components.
More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [1] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass.
Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [2].
In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns.
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