Abstract
At low temperature the polarization of the nuclear spins of an assembly of 3He atoms is a very sensitive probe of their quantum collective behaviour. Via the Pauli principle nuclear polarization strongly affects collision processes and macroscopic transport properties. Theoretical predictions relative to these transport properties (heat conduction, spin diffusion, spin waves) are confronted to recent experimental results. At low temperature the phase diagramm of 3He may be strongly altered by nuclear polarization. A brief overview of the experimental efforts directed towards this problem is given. Optical pumping by I.R. lasers appears to be a good candidate for obtaining spin polarized liquid at saturated vapour pressure.
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