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The N2K Consortium. II. A Transiting Hot Saturn around HD 149026 with a Large Dense Core* **

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and

© 2005. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
, ,

0004-637X/633/1/465

Abstract

Doppler measurements from Subaru and Keck have revealed radial velocity variations in the V = 8.15, G0 IV star HD 149026 consistent with a Saturn-mass planet in a 2.8766 day orbit. Photometric observations at Fairborn Observatory have detected three complete transit events with depths of 0.003 mag at the predicted times of conjunction. HD 149026 is now the second-brightest star with a transiting extrasolar planet. The mass of the star, based on interpolation of stellar evolutionary models, is 1.3 ± 0.1 M; together with the Doppler amplitude K1 = 43.3 m s-1, we derive a planet mass M sin i = 0.36MJ and orbital radius 0.042 AU. HD 149026 is chromospherically inactive and metal-rich with spectroscopically derived [Fe/H] = +0.36, Teff = 6147 K, log g = 4.26, and v sin i = 6.0 km s-1. Based on Teff and the stellar luminosity of 2.72 L, we derive a stellar radius of 1.45 R. Modeling of the three photometric transits provides an orbital inclination of 85fdg3 ± 1fdg0 and (including the uncertainty in the stellar radius) a planet radius of (0.725 ± 0.05)RJ. Models for this planet mass and radius suggest the presence of a ~67 M core composed of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. This substantial planet core would be difficult to construct by gravitational instability.

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Footnotes

  • Based on data collected at the Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.

  • ** 

    Based on observations obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated by the University of California and the California Institute of Technology. Keck time has been granted by NOAO and NASA.

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  81. Heavy-element Enrichment of a Jupiter-mass Protoplanet as a Function of Orbital Location
    R. Helled and G. Schubert 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 697 1256

    IOPscience

  82. HAT-P-10b: A Light and Moderately Hot Jupiter Transiting A K Dwarf
    G. Á. Bakos et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 696 1950

    IOPscience

  83. Nondetection of Polarized, Scattered Light from the HD 189733b Hot Jupiter
    Sloane J. Wiktorowicz 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 696 1116

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  84. Near-Infrared Transit Photometry of the Exoplanet HD 149026b
    Joshua A. Carter et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 696 241

    IOPscience

  85. Analytical Solutions for Radiative Transfer: Implications for Giant Planet Formation by Disk Instability
    Alan P. Boss 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 694 107

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  86. The Transit Light Curve Project. X. A Christmas Transit of HD 17156b
    Joshua N. Winn et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 693 794

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  87. A Precise Estimate of the Radius of the Exoplanet HD 149026b from Spitzer Photometry
    Philip Nutzman et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 692 229

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  88. Multiwavelength Constraints on the Day-Night Circulation Patterns of HD 189733b
    Heather A. Knutson et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 690 822

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  89. Predicting Photometric and Spectroscopic Signatures of Rings Around Transiting Extrasolar Planets
    Yasuhiro Ohta et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 690 1

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  90. Closure Phase Signatures of Planet Transit Events
    Gerard T. van Belle 2008 Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 120 617

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  91. The composition of transiting giant extrasolar planets
    T Guillot 2008 Physica Scripta 2008 014023

    IOPscience

  92. Mapping the realm of hot Jupiters
    D A Fischer 2008 Physica Scripta 2008 014002

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  93. Exoplanet properties from Lick, Keck and AAT
    G W Marcy et al 2008 Physica Scripta 2008 014001

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  94. Analytic Approximations for Transit Light-Curve Observables, Uncertainties, and Covariances
    Joshua A. Carter et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 689 499

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  95. Constraining Orbital Parameters through Planetary Transit Monitoring
    Stephen R. Kane and Kaspar von Braun 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 689 492

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  96. Extrasolar Giant Planets and X-Ray Activity
    Vinay L. Kashyap et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 687 1339

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  97. Extent of Pollution in Planet-bearing Stars
    S.-L. Li et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 685 1210

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  98. Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation. V. Accumulation Near the Ice Line and Super-Earths
    S. Ida and D. N. C. Lin 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 685 584

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  99. Ab Initio Equation of State Data for Hydrogen, Helium, and Water and the Internal Structure of Jupiter
    Nadine Nettelmann et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 683 1217

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  100. The Prograde Orbit of Exoplanet TrES-2b
    Joshua N. Winn et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 682 1283

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  101. Tidal Heating of Extrasolar Planets
    Brian Jackson et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 681 1631

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  102. Theoretical Spectra and Light Curves of Close-in Extrasolar Giant Planets and Comparison with Data
    A. Burrows et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 678 1436

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  103. Improved Parameters for Extrasolar Transiting Planets
    Guillermo Torres et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 677 1324

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  104. XO-3b: A Massive Planet in an Eccentric Orbit Transiting an F5 V Star
    Christopher M. Johns-Krull et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 677 657

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  105. Flux-limited Diffusion Approximation Models of Giant Planet Formation by Disk Instability
    Alan P. Boss 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 677 607

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  106. Vertical Shearing Instabilities in Radially Shearing Disks: The Dustiest Layers of the Protoplanetary Nebula
    E. Chiang 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 675 1549

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  107. Five New Transits of the Super-Neptune HD 149026b
    Joshua N. Winn et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 675 1531

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  108. Five Planets Orbiting 55 Cancri
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  109. The Frequency of Large-Radius Hot and Very Hot Jupiters in ω Centauri
    David T. F. Weldrake et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 674 1117

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  110. Hydrodynamic Simulations of Unevenly Irradiated Jovian Planets
    Jonathan Langton and Gregory Laughlin 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 674 1106

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  111. Ocean Planet or Thick Atmosphere: On the Mass-Radius Relationship for Solid Exoplanets with Massive Atmospheres
    E. R. Adams et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 673 1160

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  112. Detection of a Third Planet in the HD 74156 System Using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
    Jacob L. Bean et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 672 1202

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  113. Thermal Emission from Transiting Very Hot Jupiters: Prospects for Ground-based Detection at Optical Wavelengths
    Mercedes López-Morales and Sara Seager 2007 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 667 L191

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  114. HAT-P-3b: A Heavy-Element-rich Planet Transiting a K Dwarf Star
    G. Torres et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 666 L121

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  115. Using Transit Timing Observations to Search for Trojans of Transiting Extrasolar Planets
    Eric B. Ford and Matthew J. Holman 2007 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 664 L51

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  116. Direct Measurement of the Radius and Density of the Transiting Exoplanet HD 189733b with the CHARA Array
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  117. The Mass of the Candidate Exoplanet Companion to HD 33636 from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-Precision Radial Velocities
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  118. The N2K Consortium. VII. Atmospheric Parameters of 1907 Metal-rich Stars: Finding Planet-Search Targets
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  119. XO-2b: Transiting Hot Jupiter in a Metal-rich Common Proper Motion Binary
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  120. Two Jovian-Mass Planets in Earthlike Orbits
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  121. HD 147506b: A Supermassive Planet in an Eccentric Orbit Transiting a Bright Star
    G. Á. Bakos et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 670 826

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  122. Millimagnitude Photometry for Transiting Extrasolar Planetary Candidates. IV. Solution to the Puzzle of the Extremely Red OGLE-TR-82 Primary
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  123. Five Intermediate-Period Planets from the N2K Sample
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  124. Mass-Radius Relationships for Solid Exoplanets
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  125. A Determination of the Spin-Orbit Alignment of the Anomalously Dense Planet Orbiting HD 149026
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  126. Planetesimal Accretion onto Growing Proto-Gas Giant Planets
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  127. Cassini States with Dissipation: Why Obliquity Tides Cannot Inflate Hot Jupiters
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  128. Planetary Formation Scenarios Revisited: Core-Accretion versus Disk Instability
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  129. Possible Solutions to the Radius Anomalies of Transiting Giant Planets
    A. Burrows et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 661 502

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  130. Millimagnitude Photometry for Transiting Extrasolar Planetary Candidates. III. Accurate Radius and Period for OGLE-TR-111-b
    Dante Minniti et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 660 858

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  131. Millimagnitude Photometry for Transiting Extrasolar Planetary Candidates. II. Transits of OGLE-TR-113-b in the Optical and Near-IR
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  132. Planetary Radii across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar Insolation: Application to Transits
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  133. Precise Radius Estimates for the Exoplanets WASP-1b and WASP-2b
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  134. HAT-P-1b: A Large-Radius, Low-Density Exoplanet Transiting One Member of a Stellar Binary
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  135. The Transit Light Curve Project. IV. Five Transits of the Exoplanet OGLE-TR-10b
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  136. Using Stellar Limb-Darkening to Refine the Properties of HD 209458b
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  137. Prospects for the Characterization and Confirmation of Transiting Exoplanets via the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect
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  138. Observational Constraints on Trojans of Transiting Extrasolar Planets
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  139. Astronomy with Small Telescopes
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  140. The Search for an Atmospheric Signature of the Transiting Exoplanet HD 149026b
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  141. Millimagnitude‐Precision Photometry of Bright Stars with a 1 m Telescope and a Standard CCD
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  142. An Eccentric Hot Jupiter Orbiting the Subgiant HD 185269
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  143. Refined Parameters of the Planet Orbiting HD 189733
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  144. On the Origin of HD 149026b
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  145. Thermal Structure and Radius Evolution of Irradiated Gas Giant Planets
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  146. Dynamics and Disequilibrium Carbon Chemistry in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres, with Application to HD 209458b
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  147. Resolving the Surfaces of Extrasolar Planets with Secondary Eclipse Light Curves
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  148. A Transiting Planet of a Sun-like Star
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  149. The First Extrasolar Planet Discovered with a New-Generation High-Throughput Doppler Instrument
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  150. Diffusive Migration of Low-Mass Protoplanets in Turbulent Disks
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  151. The N2K Consortium. VI. Doppler Shifts without Templates and Three New Short-Period Planets
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  152. Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets
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  153. Rejecting Astrophysical False Positives from the TrES Transiting Planet Survey: The Example of GSC 03885–00829
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  154. Atmosphere, Interior, and Evolution of the Metal-rich Transiting Planet HD 149026b
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  155. The N2K Consortium. V. Identifying Very Metal-rich Stars with Low-Resolution Spectra: Finding Planet-Search Targets
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  156. The N2K Consortium. III. Short-Period Planets Orbiting HD 149143 and HD 109749
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  157. Transit Photometry of the Core-dominated Planet HD 149026b
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