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Evidence for a Developing Gap in a 10 Myr Old Protoplanetary Disk

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© 2002. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
, ,

0004-637X/568/2/1008

Abstract

We have developed a physically self-consistent model of the disk around the nearby 10 Myr old star TW Hya that matches the observed spectral energy distribution and 7 mm images of the disk. The model requires both significant dust-size evolution and a partially evacuated inner disk region, as predicted by theories of planet formation. The outer disk, which extends to at least 140 AU in radius, is very optically thick at infrared wavelengths and quite massive (~0.06 M) for the relatively advanced age of this T Tauri star. This implies long viscous and dust evolution timescales, although dust must have grown to sizes of the order of ~1 cm to explain the submillimeter and millimeter spectral slopes. In contrast, the negligible near-infrared excess emission of this system requires that the disk be optically thin inside lesssim4 AU. This inner region cannot be completely evacuated; we need ~0.5 lunar mass of ~1 μm particles remaining to produce the observed 10 μm silicate emission. Our model requires a distinct transition in disk properties at ~4 AU separating the inner and outer disks. The inner edge of the optically thick outer disk must be heated almost frontally by the star to account for the excess flux at mid-infrared wavelengths. We speculate that this truncation of the outer disk may be the signpost of a developing gap due to the effects of a growing protoplanet; the gap is still presumably evolving because material still resides in it, as indicated by the silicate emission, the molecular hydrogen emission, and the continued accretion onto the central star (albeit at a much lower rate than typical of younger T Tauri stars). Thus, TW Hya may become the Rosetta stone for our understanding of the evolution and dissipation of protoplanetary disks.

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  85. The TW Hya Disk at 870 μm: Comparison of CO and Dust Radial Structures
    Sean M. Andrews et al. 2012 The Astrophysical Journal 744 162

    IOPscience

  86. A 30 AU Radius CO Gas Hole in the Disk around the Herbig Ae Star Oph IRS 48
    J. M. Brown et al. 2012 The Astrophysical Journal 744 116

    IOPscience

  87. Transition Disk Chemistry and Future Prospects with ALMA
    L. Ilsedore Cleeves et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 743 L2

    IOPscience

  88. Evolution of X-ray and Far-ultraviolet Disk-dispersing Radiation Fields
    Laura Ingleby et al. 2011 The Astronomical Journal 141 127

    IOPscience

  89. CO Rovibrational Emission as a Probe of Inner Disk Structure
    C. Salyk et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 743 112

    IOPscience

  90. The Role of Tiny Grains on the Accretion Process in Protoplanetary Disks
    Xue-Ning Bai 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 739 51

    IOPscience

  91. Magnetorotational-instability-driven Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks
    Xue-Ning Bai 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 739 50

    IOPscience

  92. Transitional Disks as Signposts of Young, Multiplanet Systems
    Sarah E. Dodson-Robinson and Colette Salyk 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 738 131

    IOPscience

  93. The Photoevaporative Wind from the Disk of TW Hya
    I. Pascucci et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 736 13

    IOPscience

  94. Emission Lines from the Gas Disk around TW Hydra and the Origin of the Inner Hole
    U. Gorti et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 735 90

    IOPscience

  95. Near-infrared Spectroscopy of TW Hya: A Revised Spectral Type and Comparison with Magnetospheric Accretion Models
    William D. Vacca and Göran Sandell 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 732 8

    IOPscience

  96. Resolved Images of Large Cavities in Protoplanetary Transition Disks
    Sean M. Andrews et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 732 42

    IOPscience

  97. The Transitional Protoplanetary Disk Frequency as a Function of Age: Disk Evolution In the Coronet Cluster, Taurus, and Other 1-8 Myr Old Regions
    Thayne Currie and Aurora Sicilia-Aguilar 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 732 24

    IOPscience

  98. Transitional and Pre-transitional Disks: Gap Opening by Multiple Planets?
    Zhaohuan Zhu et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 729 47

    IOPscience

  99. Radial Structure in the TW Hya Circumstellar Disk
    R. L. Akeson et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 728 96

    IOPscience

  100. A Spitzer IRS Study of Infrared Variability in Transitional and Pre-transitional Disks Around T Tauri Stars
    C. Espaillat et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 728 49

    IOPscience

  101. Empirical Constraints on Turbulence in Protoplanetary Accretion Disks
    A. Meredith Hughes et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 727 85

    IOPscience

  102. A Submillimeter Mapping Survey of Herbig AeBe Stars
    Göran Sandell et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 727 26

    IOPscience

  103. Surface Layer Accretion in Transitional and Conventional Disks: From Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Planets
    Daniel Perez-Becker and Eugene Chiang 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 727 2

    IOPscience

  104. Chemistry of a Protoplanetary Disk with Grain Settling and Lyα Radiation
    Jeffrey K. J. Fogel et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 726 29

    IOPscience

  105. The Protoplanetary Disk Around the M4 Star RECX 5: Witnessing the Influence of Planet Formation?
    J. Bouwman et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 723 L243

    IOPscience

  106. Time-variable Accretion in the TW Hya Star/disk System
    J. A. Eisner et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 722 L28

    IOPscience

  107. Imaging of a Transitional Disk Gap in Reflected Light: Indications of Planet Formation Around the Young Solar Analog LkCa 15
    C. Thalmann et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 718 L87

    IOPscience

  108. Evidence for Evolution Among Primordial Disks in the 5 Myr Old Upper Scorpius OB Association
    S. E. Dahm 2010 The Astronomical Journal 140 1444

    IOPscience

  109. Structure and Composition of Two Transitional Circumstellar Disks in Corona Australis
    A. M. Hughes et al. 2010 The Astronomical Journal 140 887

    IOPscience

  110. Spitzer Observations of the λ Orionis Cluster. II. Disks Around Solar-type and Low-mass Stars
    Jesús Hernández et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal 722 1226

    IOPscience

  111. A Spitzer c2d Legacy Survey to Identify and Characterize Disks with Inner Dust Holes
    Bruno Merín et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal 718 1200

    IOPscience

  112. Unveiling the Structure of Pre-transitional Disks
    C. Espaillat et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal 717 441

    IOPscience

  113. The Nature of Transition Circumstellar Disks. I. The Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud
    Lucas A. Cieza et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal 712 925

    IOPscience

  114. Young Stellar Objects and Triggered Star Formation in The Vulpecula OB Association
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    IOPscience

  115. Spitzer Spectroscopy of the Transition Object TW Hya
    Joan R. Najita et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal 712 274

    IOPscience

  116. A Deep Chandra X-Ray Spectrum of the Accreting Young Star TW Hydrae
    N. S. Brickhouse et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal 710 1835

    IOPscience

  117. The Runts of the Litter: Why Planets Formed Through Gravitational Instability Can Only Be Failed Binary Stars
    Kaitlin M. Kratter et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal 710 1375

    IOPscience

  118. A Spitzer Census of Transitional Protoplanetary Disks with AU-scale Inner Holes
    James Muzerolle et al. 2010 The Astrophysical Journal 708 1107

    IOPscience

  119. Variations of the 10 μm Silicate Features in the Actively Accreting T Tauri Stars: DG Tau and XZ Tau
    Jeffrey S. Bary et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 706 L168

    IOPscience

  120. Spatially Resolved Mid-Infrared Imaging of the SR 21 Transition Disk
    J. A. Eisner et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 698 L169

    IOPscience

  121. Chandra and Spitzer Observations Reveal New YSOs in the Heart of Trumpler 37
    E. P. Mercer et al. 2009 The Astronomical Journal 138 7

    IOPscience

  122. The Frequency of Warm Debris Disks and Transition Disks in a Complete Sample of Intermediate-Mass Glimpse Stars: Placing Constraints on Disk Lifetimes
    B. Uzpen et al. 2009 The Astronomical Journal 137 3329

    IOPscience

  123. A New Raytracer for Modeling AU-Scale Imaging of Lines from Protoplanetary Disks
    Klaus M. Pontoppidan et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 704 1482

    IOPscience

  124. Stringent Limits on the Polarized Submillimeter Emission from Protoplanetary Disks
    A. Meredith Hughes et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 704 1204

    IOPscience

  125. Evidence for Dust Clearing Through Resolved Submillimeter Imaging
    J. M. Brown et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 704 496

    IOPscience

  126. An Infrared/X-Ray Survey for New Members of the Taurus Star-Forming Region
    K. L. Luhman et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 703 399

    IOPscience

  127. Tracing the Inner Edge of the Disk Around HD 100546 with Rovibrational CO Emission Lines
    Sean D. Brittain et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 702 85

    IOPscience

  128. Evidence for Disk Photoevaporation Driven by the Central Star
    I. Pascucci and M. Sterzik 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 702 724

    IOPscience

  129. High-resolution 5 μm Spectroscopy of Transitional Disks
    C. Salyk et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 699 330

    IOPscience

  130. A Spatially Resolved Inner Hole in the Disk Around GM Aurigae
    A. Meredith Hughes et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 698 131

    IOPscience

  131. Grain Growth and Global Structure of the Protoplanetary Disk Associated with the Mature Classical T Tauri Star, PDS 66
    Stephanie R. Cortes et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 697 1305

    IOPscience

  132. High-Resolution Spectroscopy of [Ne II] Emission from AA Tau and GM Aur
    Joan R. Najita et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 697 957

    IOPscience

  133. Iphas A-Type Stars with Mid-Infrared Excesses in Spitzer Surveys
    Antonio S. Hales et al. 2009 The Astrophysical Journal 695 75

    IOPscience

  134. 10 μm interferometry of disks around young stars
    Roy van Boekel 2008 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 131 012023

    IOPscience

  135. A Slowly Accreting ~10 Myr-old Transitional Disk in Orion OB1a
    C. Espaillat et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 689 L145

    IOPscience

  136. The Masses of Transition Circumstellar Disks: Observational Support for Photoevaporation Models
    Lucas A. Cieza et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 686 L115

    IOPscience

  137. Confirmation of a Gapped Primordial Disk around LkCa 15
    Catherine Espaillat et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 682 L125

    IOPscience

  138. Discovery of a Circumbinary Disk around Herbig Ae/Be System V892 Tauri
    J. D. Monnier et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 681 L97

    IOPscience

  139. LkHα 330: Evidence for Dust Clearing through Resolved Submillimeter Imaging
    J. M. Brown et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 675 L109

    IOPscience

  140. Submillimeter Structure of the Disk of the Butterfly Star
    S. Wolf et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 674 L101

    IOPscience

  141. Evidence for Early Circumstellar Disk Evolution in NGC 2068/71
    K. M. Flaherty and J. Muzerolle 2008 The Astronomical Journal 135 966

    IOPscience

  142. Early phases of planet formation in protoplanetary disks
    Th Henning 2008 Physica Scripta 2008 014019

    IOPscience

  143. A Spitzer View of Protoplanetary Disks in the γ Velorum Cluster
    Jesús Hernández et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 686 1195

    IOPscience

  144. Spectroastrometric Imaging of Molecular Gas within Protoplanetary Disk Gaps
    Klaus M. Pontoppidan et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 684 1323

    IOPscience

  145. New Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs with Disks in the Chamaeleon I Star-Forming Region
    K. L. Luhman and A. A. Muench 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 684 654

    IOPscience

  146. Line Emission from Gas in Optically Thick Dust Disks around Young Stars
    U. Gorti and D. Hollenbach 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 683 287

    IOPscience

  147. Resolving the Chemistry in the Disk of TW Hydrae. I. Deuterated Species
    Chunhua Qi et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 681 1396

    IOPscience

  148. Gas and Dust Emission at the Outer Edge of Protoplanetary Disks
    A. M. Hughes et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 678 1119

    IOPscience

  149. Variability of Disk Emission in Pre-Main-Sequence and Related Stars. I. HD 31648 and HD 163296: Isolated Herbig Ae Stars Driving Herbig-Haro Flows
    Michael L. Sitko et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 678 1070

    IOPscience

  150. Kinematic Structure of the Orion Nebula Cluster and Its Surroundings
    Gábor Fűrész et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 676 1109

    IOPscience

  151. The Disk Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-forming Region
    K. L. Luhman et al. 2008 The Astrophysical Journal 675 1375

    IOPscience

  152. On the Diversity of the Taurus Transitional Disks: UX Tauri A and LkCa 15
    C. Espaillat et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 670 L135

    IOPscience

  153. Probing the Dust and Gas in the Transitional Disk of CS Cha with Spitzer
    Catherine Espaillat et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 664 L111

    IOPscience

  154. Cold Disks: Spitzer Spectroscopy of Disks around Young Stars with Large Gaps
    J. M. Brown et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 664 L107

    IOPscience

  155. Molecular Gas in the Inner 1 AU of the TW Hya and GM Aur Transitional Disks
    C. Salyk et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 655 L105

    IOPscience

  156. Spitzer Observations of NGC 2362: Primordial Disks at 5 Myr
    S. E. Dahm and L. A. Hillenbrand 2007 The Astronomical Journal 133 2072

    IOPscience

  157. Spitzer Observations of the Orion OB1 Association: Disk Census in the Low-Mass Stars
    Jesús Hernández et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 671 1784

    IOPscience

  158. High-Resolution Spectroscopy of [Ne II] Emission from TW Hydrae
    Gregory J. Herczeg et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 670 509

    IOPscience

  159. A Combined Spitzer and Chandra Survey of Young Stellar Objects in the Serpens Cloud Core
    E. Winston et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 669 493

    IOPscience

  160. The Spitzer c2d Survey of Weak-Line T Tauri Stars. II. New Constraints on the Timescale for Planet Building
    Lucas Cieza et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 667 308

    IOPscience

  161. Hubble and Spitzer Observations of an Edge-on Circumstellar Disk around a Brown Dwarf
    K. L. Luhman et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 666 1219

    IOPscience

  162. Hall Instability of Thin Weakly Ionized Stratified Keplerian Disks
    Yuri M. Shtemler et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 665 1371

    IOPscience

  163. c2d Spitzer IRS Spectra of Disks around T Tauri Stars. III. [Ne II], [Fe I], and H2 Gas-Phase Lines
    Fred Lahuis et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 665 492

    IOPscience

  164. HD 98800: A 10 Myr Old Transition Disk
    E. Furlan et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 664 1176

    IOPscience

  165. An Inner Hole in the Disk around TW Hydrae Resolved in 7 mm Dust Emission
    A. M. Hughes et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 664 536

    IOPscience

  166. A Spitzer Space Telescope Study of Disks in the Young σ Orionis Cluster
    Jesús Hernández et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 662 1067

    IOPscience

  167. Characterizing the Disk around the TW Hydrae Association Brown Dwarf 2MASSW J1207334–393254
    Basmah Riaz and John E. Gizis 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 661 354

    IOPscience

  168. Molecular Hydrogen Emission from Protoplanetary Disks. II. Effects of X-Ray Irradiation and Dust Evolution
    H. Nomura et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 661 334

    IOPscience

  169. Evolution of Brown Dwarf Disks: A Spitzer Survey in Upper Scorpius
    Alexander Scholz et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 660 1517

    IOPscience

  170. Silicate Dust in Evolved Protoplanetary Disks: Growth, Sedimentation, and Accretion
    Aurora Sicilia-Aguilar et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 659 1637

    IOPscience

  171. High-Resolution Submillimeter Constraints on Circumstellar Disk Structure
    Sean M. Andrews and Jonathan P. Williams 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 659 705

    IOPscience

  172. Warm Gas in the Inner Disks around Young Intermediate-Mass Stars
    Sean D. Brittain et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 659 685

    IOPscience

  173. Probing Protoplanetary Disks with Silicate Emission: Where Is the Silicate Emission Zone?
    J. E. Kessler-Silacci et al. 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 659 680

    IOPscience

  174. The Effect of Internal Dissipation and Surface Irradiation on the Structure of Disks and the Location of the Snow Line around Sun-like Stars
    P. Garaud and D. N. C. Lin 2007 The Astrophysical Journal 654 606

    IOPscience

  175. Spatially Resolving the Inner Disk of TW Hydrae
    J. A. Eisner et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 637 L133

    IOPscience

  176. Observational Properties of Protoplanetary Disk Gaps
    Peggy Varnière et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 637 L125

    IOPscience

  177. CO J = 6-5 Observations of TW Hydrae with the Submillimeter Array
    Chunhua Qi et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 636 L157

    IOPscience

  178. High-Resolution Spectroscopy in Tr 37: Gas Accretion Evolution in Evolved Dusty Disks
    Aurora Sicilia-Aguilar et al. 2006 The Astronomical Journal 132 2135

    IOPscience

  179. Interpreting Spectral Energy Distributions from Young Stellar Objects. I. A Grid of 200,000 YSO Model SEDs
    Thomas P. Robitaille et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 167 256

    IOPscience

  180. The Origins of Fluorescent H2 Emission From T Tauri Stars
    Gregory J. Herczeg et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 165 256

    IOPscience

  181. Spitzer Observations of the Orion OB1 Association: Second-Generation Dust Disks at 5-10 Myr
    Jesús Hernández et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal 652 472

    IOPscience

  182. Accretion Disks around Young Stars: Lifetimes, Disk Locking, and Variability
    Ray Jayawardhana et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal 648 1206

    IOPscience

  183. Dust Processing in Disks around T Tauri Stars
    B. Sargent et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal 645 395

    IOPscience

  184. 24 μm Detections of Circum(sub)stellar Disks in IC 348: Grain Growth and Inner Holes?
    James Muzerolle et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal 643 1003

    IOPscience

  185. Gas Flow across Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks
    S. H. Lubow and G. D'Angelo 2006 The Astrophysical Journal 641 526

    IOPscience

  186. Disk Evolution in Cep OB2: Results from the Spitzer Space Telescope
    Aurora Sicilia-Aguilar et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal 638 897

    IOPscience

  187. Effects of Dust Growth and Settling in T Tauri Disks
    Paola D'Alessio et al. 2006 The Astrophysical Journal 638 314

    IOPscience

  188. On the Submillimeter Opacity of Protoplanetary Disks
    B. T. Draine 2006 The Astrophysical Journal 636 1114

    IOPscience

  189. Spitzer/IRAC Photometry of the η Chameleontis Association
    S. T. Megeath et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 634 L113

    IOPscience

  190. The Disk Fractions of Brown Dwarfs in IC 348 and Chamaeleon I
    K. L. Luhman et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 631 L69

    IOPscience

  191. Disks in Transition in the Taurus Population: Spitzer IRS Spectra of GM Aurigae and DM Tauri
    N. Calvet et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 630 L185

    IOPscience

  192. The Accretion Disk of the Lithium-depleted Young Binary St 34
    Lee Hartmann et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 628 L147

    IOPscience

  193. X-Ray Diagnostics of Grain Depletion in Matter Accreting onto T Tauri Stars
    Jeremy J. Drake et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 627 L149

    IOPscience

  194. Constraints on Inner Disk Evolution Timescales: A Disk Census of the η Chamaeleontis Young Cluster
    Karl E. Haisch, Jr. et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 627 L57

    IOPscience

  195. Toward Planetesimals in the Disk around TW Hydrae: 3.5 Centimeter Dust Emission
    D. J. Wilner et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 626 L109

    IOPscience

  196. IRAS 16293–2422B: A Compact, Possibly Isolated Protoplanetary Disk in a Class 0 Object
    Luis F. Rodríguez et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 621 L133

    IOPscience

  197. Spitzer Identification of the Least Massive Known Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk
    K. L. Luhman et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 620 L51

    IOPscience

  198. Cepheus OB2: Disk Evolution and Accretion at 3-10 Myr
    Aurora Sicilia-Aguilar et al. 2005 The Astronomical Journal 130 188

    IOPscience

  199. Disk Evolution in the Orion OB1 Association
    Nuria Calvet et al. 2005 The Astronomical Journal 129 935

    IOPscience

  200. An 850 μm Survey for Dust around Solar-Mass Stars
    Joan Najita and Jonathan P. Williams 2005 The Astrophysical Journal 635 625

    IOPscience

  201. Evidence for J- and H-Band Excess in Classical T Tauri Stars and the Implications for Disk Structure and Estimated Ages
    Lucas A. Cieza et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal 635 422

    IOPscience

  202. Circumstellar Dust Disks in Taurus-Auriga: The Submillimeter Perspective
    Sean M. Andrews and Jonathan P. Williams 2005 The Astrophysical Journal 631 1134

    IOPscience

  203. IRAC Observations of Taurus Pre-Main-Sequence Stars
    Lee Hartmann et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal 629 881

    IOPscience

  204. The Differential Lifetimes of Protostellar Gas and Dust Disks
    Taku Takeuchi et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal 627 286

    IOPscience

  205. Dust Growth and Settling in Protoplanetary Disks and Disk Spectral Energy Distributions. I. Laminar Disks
    Hidekazu Tanaka et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal 625 414

    IOPscience

  206. Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy and Coronagraphic Imaging of the TW Hydrae Circumstellar Disk
    Aki Roberge et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal 622 1171

    IOPscience

  207. The Truncated Disk of CoKu Tau/4
    Paola D'Alessio et al. 2005 The Astrophysical Journal 621 461

    IOPscience

  208. Discovery of CO Gas in the Inner Disk of TW Hydrae
    Terrence W. Rettig et al. 2004 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 616 L163

    IOPscience

  209. Imaging the Disk around TW Hydrae with the Submillimeter Array
    Chunhua Qi et al. 2004 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 616 L11

    IOPscience

  210. A New Probe of the Planet-forming Region in T Tauri Disks
    Edwin Bergin et al. 2004 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 614 L133

    IOPscience

  211. Low-Mass Stars and Accretion at the Ages of Planet Formation in the Cepheus OB2 Region
    Aurora Sicilia-Aguilar et al. 2004 The Astronomical Journal 128 805

    IOPscience

  212. The State of Protoplanetary Material 10 Million years after Stellar Formation: Circumstellar Disks in the TW Hydrae Association
    K. I. Uchida et al. 2004 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 154 439

    IOPscience

  213. The 24 Micron View of Embedded Star Formation in NGC 7129
    J. Muzerolle et al. 2004 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 154 379

    IOPscience

  214. A Survey for Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the η Chamaeleontis and Chamaeleontis Young Associations
    K. L. Luhman 2004 The Astrophysical Journal 616 1033

    IOPscience

  215. Heating Protoplanetary Disk Atmospheres
    Alfred E. Glassgold et al. 2004 The Astrophysical Journal 615 972

    IOPscience

  216. Models of Chemistry, Thermal Balance, and Infrared Spectra from Intermediate-Aged Disks around G and K Stars
    U. Gorti and D. Hollenbach 2004 The Astrophysical Journal 613 424

    IOPscience

  217. The Evolution of Protoplanetary Disk Edges
    Peggy Varnière et al. 2004 The Astrophysical Journal 612 1152

    IOPscience

  218. The Circumbinary Ring of KH 15D
    Eugene I. Chiang and Ruth A. Murray-Clay 2004 The Astrophysical Journal 607 913

    IOPscience

  219. The Far-Ultraviolet Spectra of TW Hydrae. II. Models of H2 Fluorescence in a Disk
    Gregory J. Herczeg et al. 2004 The Astrophysical Journal 607 369

    IOPscience

  220. The Visible and Near-Infrared Dust Opacity Law in the HH 30 Circumstellar Disk
    Alan M. Watson and Karl R. Stapelfeldt 2004 The Astrophysical Journal 602 860

    IOPscience

  221. The First Detailed Look at a Brown Dwarf Disk
    I. Pascucci et al. 2003 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 590 L111

    IOPscience

  222. Thermohydrodynamics of Circumstellar Disks with High-Mass Planets
    Gennaro D'Angelo et al. 2003 The Astrophysical Journal 599 548

    IOPscience

  223. Model Spectral Energy Distributions of Circumstellar Debris Disks. I. Analytic Disk Density Distributions
    Sebastian Wolf and Lynne A. Hillenbrand 2003 The Astrophysical Journal 596 603

    IOPscience

  224. Disks around the Young Stars TW Hydrae and HD 100546 Imaged at 3.4 Millimeters with the Australia Telescope Compact Array
    D. J. Wilner et al. 2003 The Astrophysical Journal 596 597

    IOPscience

  225. Radiative Transfer on Perturbations in Protoplanetary Disks
    Hannah Jang-Condell and Dimitar D. Sasselov 2003 The Astrophysical Journal 593 1116

    IOPscience

  226. The Circumstellar Disk of the Butterfly Star in Taurus
    Sebastian Wolf et al. 2003 The Astrophysical Journal 588 373

    IOPscience

  227. Detections of Rovibrational H2 Emission from the Disks of T Tauri Stars
    Jeffrey S. Bary et al. 2003 The Astrophysical Journal 586 1136

    IOPscience

  228. Efficient Radiative Transfer in Dust Grain Mixtures
    S. Wolf 2003 The Astrophysical Journal 582 859

    IOPscience

  229. Investigation of the Physical Properties of Protoplanetary Disks around T Tauri Stars by a 1 Arcsecond Imaging Survey: Evolution and Diversity of the Disks in Their Accretion Stage
    Yoshimi Kitamura et al. 2002 The Astrophysical Journal 581 357

    IOPscience

  230. On the Interferometric Sizes of Young Stellar Objects
    J. D. Monnier and R. Millan-Gabet 2002 The Astrophysical Journal 579 694

    IOPscience

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