Table of contents

Preface

The 2017 2^nd International Conference on Materials Science, Energy Technology and Environmental Engineering (MSETEE 2017) has been held on April 28-30, 2017 in Zhuhai City, China. The conference addressed recent development in the following,

(1) Chemical and Materials Science

(2) Resources and Environment

(3) Architecture and Environment

(4) Energy and Power

(5) Electronic Information Technology

In order to organize MSETEE 2017, we have sent our invitation to scholars and researchers from all around the world. Eventually, over 400 submissions were submitted to us. These papers have gone through a strict reviewing process performed by our international reviewers and 213 papers have been accepted. All the submissions were double-blind reviewed, both the reviewers and the authors remaining anonymous. First, all the submissions were divided into several chapters according to the topics, and the information of the authors, including name, affiliation, email and so on, removed. Then the TPC chairs assigned the submissions to reviewers according to their research interests. Each submission was reviewed by two reviewers. The review results should be sent to chairs on time. If two reviewers had conflicting opinions, the paper would be transmitted to the third reviewer assigned by the chairs. Only papers which were approved by all reviewers were accepted for publication.

List of Committee Members are available in this PDF.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Saccharum arundinaceum has strong drought tolerance, the abundant stress tolerance gene resource could be used in sugarcane breeding programs. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a crucial enzyme in reactive oxygen species (ROS) action, which are likely to function as components of a stress-signaling pathway. To investigate the gene of SOD, by using a homologous cloning strategy, a Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA sequence(NCBI accession number XM_ 002445626.1) in Sorghum was as probe to retrieve, aligned and spliced with Saccharum EST database, a full length of Cu/Zn-SOD gene named SaSOD-1b (NCBI accession number: KJ 002570) from Saccharum arundinaceum was cloned. The cloned gene sequence was 692bp, including 136bp 5' untranslated regions (UTR), 162bp ORF and 135bp 3' UTR, encoded 206 amino acids. By bioinformatics analysis, the cloned genic protein molecular weight was 20.78kDa, and pI was 5.32, the amino acid sequence owned the Cu/Zn-SOD conserved domain, and it had high similarity with other plants' Cu/Zn-SOD. The phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the cloned gene was most closely relative with Sorghum Cu/Zn-SOD gene, this study could laid a foundation for further understanding the relation between SOD and Saccharum arundinaceum drought resistance.

BiVO₄ nanoparticles were synthesized through hydrothermal method, and characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV-Vis. The BiVO₄ were pure monoclinic scheelite type, with particle size around 300-500nm and band gaps around 2.34-2.45ev. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by oxidation of NO under visible light irradiation. The hydrothermal temperature of 200 °C induced the best photocatalytic activity due to the fine crystalline phase, flower-like morphology and the stronger visible light absorbance.

Catalytic hydrogenation liquefaction by supercritical ethanol is an effective method for the efficient utilization of lignite. The liquefaction efficiencies of lignite 1(L1) and lignite 2(L2),which were collected from Zhaotong, Yunnan, were compared. It was found that the liquefaction efficiency of L1 was better than L2 but the gas yield of L2 was higher than L1 under the same reaction conditions, indicating that both of them could be effectively conversed. The yields of lipids and phenols in the components of liquefaction products were significantly different, and the liquefaction of L2 could achieve the desired conversion effect by changing the reaction conditions. Increasing the amount of ethanol could promote liquefaction efficiency, however, when the ratio of ethanol to coal(E/C) were 20 and 30, the growth rate of the yield of liquefied oil was quite lower than the previous stages. This phenomenon indicated that with the decrease of lignite concentration, the mass transfer effect of ethanol as a solvent in the reaction was getting better and better, and the liquefaction rate increased rapidly. But the higher system pressure was not conducive to liquefaction in high temperature conditions. In addition, the esterification reaction between ethanol and the intermediates of hydrocracking reaction could facilitate liquefaction reaction.

Soil enzyme plays an important role in converting soil nutrient, improving soil fertility and enhancing agricultural products quality. In this paper, the effect of purple soil enzyme activities was investigated by different biogas slurry (BS) recirculation load and period at large-scale farm in southwest China. The results indicated that the value of soil enzyme activities all increased by different BS recirculation load and period comparing to control check group. Its value was at high level by low BS recirculation load and long BS recirculation period. Soil urease and invertase activity reached highest value by T₄ (7 m³·hm^-2) and T_8d (8 d), respectively. The value of soil catalase activity was highest by T₁ (40 m³·hm^-2) and T_10d (10 d). In addition, soil phosphatase activity got peak value by T₄ (7 m³·hm^-2) and T_4d (4 d). The effect of purple soil enzyme activities by BS recirculation at large-scale farms was explored to provide the theoretical basis for utilizing biogas slurry rationally.

In this research, metal-air battery based on Al, Al-0.1In-0.1Ga, Al-0.1In-0.1Ga-0.1Sn, Al-0.1In-0.1Ga-3.0Pb, Al-0.1In-0.1Ga-0.1Sn-3.0Pb (wt%) is prepared and the battery performance is investigated by constant current discharge test in 4mol/L KOH solutions. The characteristics of the anodes after discharge are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and self-corrosion rate measurement. The results show that Al-0.1In-0.1Ga-0.1Sn-3.0Pb has higher electrochemical performance and lower self-corrosion rate. Using Al-0.1In-0.1Ga-0.1Sn-3.0Pb as anode could improve the performance of Al-air battery, and solve the problem of severe self-corrosion and passivation.

Polyacrylonitrile and fatty aicds(lauric acid and stearic acid) composite fibers were made through electrospinning. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that the composite fibers had smooth surface and good formation. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated the temperature of the melting peak was around 37°C, and the composite fiber had considerable energy storage potential.

In this paper, studies are focused on a kinetic model for granular activated carbon(GAC), that describes the adsorption of trace organic components of benzene-ethylene dichloride mixture system. This work deals with kinetic experimental study of adsorption of gaseous single onto(GAC) and the kinetic model was modified to investigate binary assault systems. The breakthrough curves were obtained at 25 °C . These curves obtained at varying assault concentrations, every component fixed at same concentration. The values of theoretical parameters were determined.

Electrochemical treatment is an environmentally friendly method of removing pollutants from industrial wastewater, and tubular electrochemical reactor is one kind of electrochemical reactor. However, the flow field on the electrode surface in a traditional concentric tubular reactor is not homogeneous, leading to low treatment efficiency of the reactors. Therefore, a new tubular electrochemical reactor based on spiral flow caused by a turbulence promoter is presented. In this work, fluid flow and hydrodynamics of the new tubular electrochemical reactor using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method are studied by comparing them to the traditional one. The electro-oxidation of methylene blue simulation wastewater treatment was developed to analyze the processing efficiency of the two types of electrochemical reactors. In the new tubular electrochemical reactor, due to the presence of spiral turbulence promoter, the mean flow rate and turbulent intensity were clearly increased by 500-700% and nearly 200% compared to that of the traditional one, respectively. Under the same inlet-velocity, the removal rates of wastewater in the new tubular electrochemical reactor were also improved.

In this paper, hypochlorites and peroxides worked as decontaminants for destruction of cyanide ion. Main factors influencing the residual CN^- concentration after decontamination were investigated. And the amount of gasificatied HCN and ClCN formed during the decontamination were measured, and their assessments on their damage were further discussed. Results indicated that degradation rate of KCN and gaseous by-products was closely related to the type of decontaminants, their concentration of active ingredients, KCN concentration, pH value and temperature etc. Generally, hypochlorites decontaminants reacted with cyanide ion more quickly than peroxides. When the amount of hypochlorite decontaminant was high above 2 times of its stoichiometric amount, the residual CN^- concentration could be down to 0.5 mg/L after 5 minutes, while for peroxides, it would take much longer for complete destruction. However, the massive gasificatied ClCN produced intensely with hypochlorites decontaminant would cause relatively larger damage depth than that of HCN with peroxides.

Corn stover and rice straw fermentation were carried out using Bacillus megaterium MYB3. The decomposition rates of cellulose and hemicellulose were analyzed at d3, d5, d10, d20. Organic acid concentration was determined by HPLC. The decomposition rates of cellulose and hemicellulose in corn stover were 54.29% and 48.21% in 20 days respectively. The decomposition rates of cellulose and hemicellulose in rice straw were 44.87% and 29.32%. Concentration of lactic acid was increased in the fermentation of corn stover and rice straw. And acetic acid was increased and then decreased. The concentration of propionate and butyric acid were measured after 10 days in the corn stover. Butyric acid was decreased from original concentration in 10 days at rice straw.

ZSM-5 zeolite was successfully prepared through hydrothermal synthesis, for the first time, using natural clay collected from the potash ore deposit of a Salt Lake in Qaidam Basin, China. The resultant product was characterized by a series of technologies. The adsorption capacity of the final product for removing Pb (II) in aqueous solution was also investigated. The adsorption processes can be well described by the pseudo-second-order rate equation and classical Langmuir model. Results suggested that Salt Lake clay is a promising low-cost precursor for the industrial production of microporous aluminosilicate, and the ZSM-5 zeolite exhibited a potential application in Pb(II) pollution cleanup.

The contents of total phenol and total flavonoid of 7 litchi pericarp cultivars were determined. Their antioxidant activities were also evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-pireyhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Correlations between total flavonoid and DPPH scavenging capacity as well as FRAP were also analyzed. The results showed that litchi pericarp was rich in natural antioxidant compounds and the antioxidant abilities were different among different cultivars, and this was useful in the utilization of litchi processing waste.

In this paper, nano-irons were successfully synthesized by Suaeda salsa extraction (SSE) and properties of the nano-iron particles were studied. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the average of particle size of nano-iron particles were about 23∼53 nm. In addition, the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that most of the synthesized nanoparticles were amorphous, but only a few were crystalline. Moreover, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reflected that the nano-iron particles were coated with organic substances containing O-H, C=C, C-N and other functional groups, which were as reducing agents and stabilizers during the synthesis of nano-iron particles. At 25°C, when the dosage of nano-irons was 1.0 g/L and the initial concentration of Cr(VI) was 5 mg/L, the removal rate of Cr(VI) could reach 100% in 5 minutes.

In this paper, ZnSe:Co/ZnSe QDs were synthesized by co-precipitation technique in aqueous phase using L-cysteine as modifier, the experimental results were characterized by X-ray power diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscope(TEM), infrared spectrum(IR)and photoluminescence spectrum(PL). The results showed that the ZnSe:Co/ZnSe QDs was spherical with diameter around 3.2nm, belonged to cubic sphalerite structure and had good fluorescent characteristics. The photoluminescence emission intensity of the L-cysteine modified ZnSe:Co/ZnSe core/shell QDs was enhanced by doping Co²⁺ and coating ZnSe shell to the core ZnSe. After doped with Co²⁺ and coated with ZnSe shell, the fluorescence quantum yields of the as-prepared ZnSe:Co/ZnSe QDs increased from 4.93% to 29.94%. The L-cysteine modified on the surface of ZnSe:Co/ZnSe renders the QDs water-soluble and biocompatible.

Phosphogypsum-based composite binder (PGCB) has been made from autoclaved phosphogypsum (PG), fly ash, lime, Portland cement and a chemical activator. The influence of autoclaved pretreatment on the properties of PG and PGCB has been investigated. It was found that the crystalline phases of original PG could be transformed, the impurities of original PG also could be effectively removed by the autoclaved pretreatment process. Under the optimum autoclaved pretreatment conditions (autoclaving at 180 °C for 6 hours), the dry compressive strength of PGCB mortars after 28 days was 31.8 MPa and the ratio of the compressive strength in wet-saturated state to that in dry state (W/D) was 0.59. PGCB mortars show good properties and water resistance with the suitable autoclaved pretreatment.

The mechanical performance of a new type of composite slabs is experimentally studied. The slab consists of a set of precast ceramsite concrete panels and the thin-walled steel skeleton which is formed with thin-walled steel main beams and secondary ones. The experimental results show that the composite slab has better plastic deformation capacity and greater bearing capacity, and the height of main steel beams and boundary conditions at ends of them have greater effect on bearing capacity of the composite slabs presented here.

The static mechanical property of a new type of lightweight composite slabs is experimentally studied. The test results show that the composite slab has better entirety and greater bearing capacity, and the restraint at the two ends of the composite slabs has greater effect on bearing capacity of the slabs presented here. It is seen that the failure modes of the composite slab include cracking of concrete and local buckling of the thin-walled steel beams. The results also show that the composite slab works elastically as if the equivalent uniform load applied to the upper surface of the slab is less than 5kN/m².

Natural soil coagulants were used for domestic drinking water treatment in Ethiopia because of lacking drinking water supply. In this study, two soils were collected from Ethiopia and jar test was used to investigate the optimum working conditions, performance and safety of them. The turbidity removal efficiencies of soil A and soil B are 74.5% and 91.1% (initial turbidity=400 NTU), respectively. The pH of purified water can meet drinking water standards of Ethiopia (pH=6.5-8.5). Both soils contribute to remove TOC when the initial concentration of it is high. A small amount (0.5 mg. L-1 or 1 mg. L-1) of poly-aluminum chloride can improve the performance of soil coagulants for the removal of turbidity. The application of soil coagulants didn't introduce coliforms, although the total bacteria number of treated water increased to 40 CFU (soil A) and 81 CFU (soil B), still meeting the drinking water quality standards (<=100 CFU).

The effect of rotational speed on the friction and wear properties of 35CrMo/GCr15 was studied under the condition of boundary lubrication. The speed was set as 400r/min, 800 r/min, 1200r/min, 1600r/min, and the load were 200N. Working time was 120min. The ring block friction and wear testing machine were used for testing. The surface morphology changes of wear specimen were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the main form of the wear of the material was different with speed different. When the rotating speed was low, the wear was mainly abrasive wear, and the wear was mainly adhesive wear at high speed. When the speed was 800r/min, the wear rate was minimum, and the friction coefficient also was minimum. It shows that when the load was constant, the speed was too high or too low, would make the wear and tear intensified.

In the present work, the experimental parameters, including temperature, extraction time and the ratio of solution to leaves on the DPPH scavenging ability of miracle fruit leaves extract were investigated. Results showed that the optimal conditions for DPPH scavenging were as follows: extracting 3 h at 60 °C with 70% methanol solution, and the solution to leaves ratio was 100:1. The research here was beneficial for improving the antioxidant activities of miracle fruit leaves. It could also promote the overall value of miracle fruit plant in natural an-tioxidants.

The adsorption behavior of Cd²⁺ on manganese dioxides was studied in the paper, especially the influence factors of the adsorption behavior were concerned. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium reached in about six hours. The adsorption amount of Cd²⁺ on the manganese dioxide increased with the increasing of the initial Cd²⁺ concentration, and the adsorption rate increased at first, then decreased. The adsorption isotherm curve accorded with Langmuir isotherm equation. The most influence factor on the adsorption properties of the manganese dioxide was pH value. After the addition of inorganic salts, only the ammonium bicarbonate could promote the adsorption of Cd²⁺ on the manganese dioxide, other inorganic salts inhibited the adsorption.

Platinum and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 (denoted as Pt/TiO2-xNx) visible-light-active photocatalysts were prepared via hydrothermal method using nanotubular titanic acid (denonted as NTA) as precursor. The prepared Pt/TiO2-xNx samples displayed a better photo-catalytic activity toward the oxidation of propylene than P25 under visible light irradiation. It is suggested that a fresh sub-band nearby the conduction band was induced due to the formation of single-electron-trapped oxygen vacancies, resulting in the visible light response of Pt/TiO2-xNx sample. Dopants nitrogen or platinum play an important role in separating pho-togenerated electrons and holes. The synergistic effect between oxygen vacancies and nitrogen as well as platinum is responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic property.

Phosphate adsorption capabilities of different activated attapulgites were investigated. The natural attapulgites were treated by thermal activation over 120–800 °C for 2 h, and by hydrochloric acid solution from 1%-9%, respectively. The mechanisms of phosphate adsorption of these modified products were also studied through adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics experiments. The acid activation increased the phosphate sorption capacity and the highest phosphate sorption capacity occurred at AAT3 (attapulgite activated by 3% hydrochloric acid), while thermal activation did not have the same effect. AAT3 showed higher adsorption rate than natural attapulgite (AT). The phosphate adsorption isotherms of AT, H400 and AAT3 are fitted well with Langmuir equation in terms of R2 values. It suggested that the adsorption of phosphate on attapulgite was homogeneous multilayer adsorption. Based on R2 values, the kinetics of phosphate adsorption on these three attapulgites can be satisfactorily described by pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. Results of this study suggested that acid modified attapulgite could be potentially used as a promising adsorption media for phosphate removal.

Aluminum and aluminum-magnesium alloys were prepared by direct current electro-deposition and pulse electro-deposition in AlCl3-LiAlH4-benzene-tetrahydrofuran (THF) system. Electrochemistry experiment was conducted by three electrode system and analyzed by Chronoamperometic plots. The surface morphology, composition and content of aluminum and aluminum magnesium alloys were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum (EDS). The results show that the coatings of aluminum and aluminum magnesium are superior when the pulse duration ratio (ton:toff) is 0.08s:0.02s. The coatings are best when DC deposition current density in 14.89mA/cm2. SEM shows that by DC deposition the grain sizes are thick and the surface is rough. But the coatings obtained by pulse electro-deposition are more uniform, thinner and the surface is flatter than obtained by DC deposition.

According to the sand treatment of cement single liquid penetrant reinforcing effect is poor and the problem of quick setting slurry splitting grouting to control the deformation of the ground surface. For the study on the C-S grouting reinforcement master the quantitative relationship between the factors and the physical and mechanical properties of reinforcement. Choose the cement water glass fast setting slurry. By using different injection medium effective diameter and different grouting pressure conditions, carry out sand grouting test. Study on the variation law of single axial compressive strength and permeability coefficient of stone body strengthened by grouting. Through the analysis of the influence of the plasmid size, the grouting pressure and the diffusion distance. It reveals the strengthening factors of C-S grout penetration grouting and the strengthening mechanism of different physical and mechanical indexes, and the quantitative relationship between them is obtained by regression analysis, and using PFC numerical calculation, the article explores the mechanism of grouting reinforcement. The effective diffusion range of cement based quick setting slurry grouting is put forward. The method for determining the parameters of grouting reinforcement is given, and the results are successfully applied in Qingdao Metro. The research results have certain reference significance for the development and improvement of the mechanism of penetration grouting reinforcement.

A series of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheet models with various oxygen-containing groups (carbonyl, epoxyl, and hydroxyl groups) were designed and the interactions between these rGO sheets and nickel hydroxide were studied using first-principles DFT (B3LYP) calculations. It is found that the adsorption energy of nickel hydroxide on rGO sheets is seriously dependent on the oxygen-containing groups on rGO. All the three oxygen-containing groups facilitate the adsorption of nickel hydroxide on rGO sheet. In particular, the adsorption between nickel hydroxide and rGO with epoxyl group is strongest among the series of (rGO) sheet models. In addition, the variations of atomic distances and charge distribution of the series of rGO sheets after absorbing nickel hydroxide were analyzed.

[Objective] This study aims to compare the internalization of sub-micron calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals in human kidney proximal tubular epi-thelial cells (HKC) so as to explore the mechanism of renal epithelial cell injury caused by urine calcium oxalate crystals. [Methods] Cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and propidium iodide (PI) staining were determined to examine cell injury during adhesion. The internalization of COM and COD crystals to HKC cells was observed through scanning electron microscopy. [Results] The injury effect of COM was stronger than that of COD on cells under the same conditions. Both of them injured HKC in a dose-dependent manner. The ability of COM to adhere to the injured HKC cells was higher than that of COD crystals. Compared to the COD group, the crystal adhered on cell surface appeared obvious aggregation in COM treatment group. [Conclusions] Cytotoxicity of sub-micron COM was greater than sub-micron COD. The attached COM crystals aggregated on cell surface. HKC cells swallow COD crystals more easily than COM. These findings provide further insights into kidney stone formation.

Magnesium aluminate spinel has a great prospect in catalyst supports due to porous structure, good catalytic activity, high thermal stability and two active centers as acid and alkaline. The magnesium aluminate spinel powders synthesized by hydrothermal process were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The particle surface is made up of laminated structure and it grows bigger with the increase of hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time. The spinel has wormlike porous structures and these structures grow smaller and better distributed at Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide (CTAB) condition. The spinel phase emerges at 450 °C and the perfect crystalline structure emerges at 600 °C. The percent of MgAl2O4 spinel goes up with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The spinel has a large BET surface area and its special surface area diminishes continuously from 245.68 m2/g to 58.65 m2/g when the calcinating temperature increases from 500 °C to 1200 °C. Moreover, it reaches the maximum surface area of 195.1 m2/g with the addition of 1% CTAB according to BET analysis, yet excess of it has an adverse effect.

[Objective] This study aims to synthesize calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals with a size of 300 nm and 5 μm, respectively, and to compare their damage and adhesion ability toward human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (HKC). [Method] The injury degree of HKC caused by COM crystals was measured by detecting the cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release amounts, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell death rate, hyaluronic acid (HA) expression and the crystal adhesion amount on cell surface. [Result] HKC cell viability, LDH release quantity, cell death rate and HA expression were closely associated with the size of COM crystals. The damage ability of 300 nm COM crystals on normal cells was higher than that of COM-5 μm crystals. The adhesive amount of small size COM crystals (62.4 μg/cm2) was higher than micron COM crystals (26.7 μg/cm2). The increased adhesion amount of small size COM crystal are related to its larger specific surface area, crystal face changes and larger cell contact probability. [Conclusions] The cytotoxicity of COM crystals toward HKC cells is size dependent. This study is helpful to further clarify the formation mechanism of COM calculi, and provide inspiration for its prevention and treatment.

The modified Poly-m-phenylene terephthalamide (co-PMTA3) was prepared by polycondensa-tion of m-Phenylenediamine, 4, 4'-diamino diphenyl sulfone and terephthaloyl dichloride with a mole ratio of 3:1:4 in N, N'-dimethylacetamide at low temperature. co-PMTA3 was soluble and expected to transform into fiber. The heat-resistance and thermal stability of co-PMTA3 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravi-metric analysis, respectively. The results indicate that the co-PMTA3 possesses excellent heat-resistance and thermal stability with a glass transition temperature of 318.4 °C, initial thermal decomposition temperatures of 404.0 °C in air and 445.5 °C in nitrogen. In addition, the active energy (Ea) of the decomposition process in air atmosphere was estimated by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method which was between 116.2 and 315.6 kJ/mol. The results indicate that the decomposition of co-PMTA3 air atmosphere is an overall reaction of multi elementary reactions.

1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN is a new type of martensitic stainless steel for the last-stage blades of large-capacity nuclear and thermal power turbines. The deformation behavior of this steel was studied by thermal compression experiments that performed on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator at a temperature range of 850°C to 1200°C and a strain rate of 0.01s-1 to 20s-1. When the deformation was performed at high temperature and low strain rate, a necklace type of microstructures was observed, the plastic deformation mechanism is grain boundary slip and migration, when at low temperature and lower strain rate, the slip bands were observed, the mechanism is intracrystalline slips, and when at strain rate of 20s-1, twins were observed, the mechanism are slips and twins. The Arrhenius equation was applied to describe the constitutive equation of the flow stress. The accuracy of the equation was verified by using the experimental data and the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9786, and the equation can provide reasonable data for the design and numerical simulation of the forging process.

Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, commonly known as mirabilite, phase change temperature is 32°C, enthalpy is 254 J/g, with large surpercooling degree and easy to stratify. This paper improved the properties of Na₂SO₄·10H₂O by Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O and CMC, expanded glass beads, silica fume, grinded diatomaceous earth, straw powder was used to parcle and covered it twice respectively. Grinded diatomaceous earth showed best effect, with phase change temperature 22-30°C, enthalpy was 168J/g average, and there was no leakage when the temperature went to 40°C.

A high temperature tensile experiment of modified random copolymerized polypropylene was carried out by ASTM D 638-2014. It analyzed the factors influencing the accuracy of the high temperature mechanical properties of modified random copolymer polypropylene and discussed the causes of the uncer-tainty of measurement standards from the sample size measurement, the indication error of force value of experiment machines, its calibration, data acquisition of the experimental software, the temperature control, the numerical correction, and the material nonuniformity, etc. According to JJF 1059.1-2012, class A and class B evaluation were conducted on the above-mentioned uncertainty components, and all the uncertainty components were synthesized. By analyzing the uncertainty of the measurement results, this paper provides a reference for evaluating the uncertainty of the same type of measurement results.

The old surface and the fresh surface of the rock samples have been subjected to field spectrum test what should be compared indoor control spectrum test, and the mineral element test of the sample and the observation of the sample under thin film have been carried out. The spectral reflectance of old surface and fresh surface shows that the old effect has little effect on the spectral characteristics of rock minerals which affects the size of the reflectance. The difference are between the mineral elements and the spectral characteristics of the samples. The spectral characteristics and spectral indices of different samples have ex-tracted and the data have extracted for hyper-spectral data extraction of alteration information.

Transition metal oxides supported on TiO₂ were synthesized by a sol-gel method and implied to simultaneous removal of Hg⁰ and HCN under low temperature and micro-oxygen conditions. The results show that catalysts that modified by manganese oxide have superior catalytic oxidation activity for both the removal of elemental mercury (Hg⁰) and HCN. Furthermore, the O₂ can promote in the removal reaction process. The fresh and used catalysts were characterized by BET and XPS. The catalyst characterization indicated that the catalyst possessed a large specific surface area and the chemisorbed oxygen participated in the catalytic oxidation reaction. The MnOx/TiO₂ catalyst was demonstrated to a good catalytic oxidant for simultaneous removal of elemental mercury (Hg⁰) and HCN under micro-oxygen conditions.

In order to optimize the performance of fluoride thin films in wavelength of Deep Ultraviolet (DUV), GdF3 single layers are prepared by thermal evaporation at different deposition temperatures on Fused Silica. Optical and structure properties of each sample are characterized. The results that the refrac-tive index increased gradually and the crystallization status becomes stronger with the temperature rising, the inhomogeneous of the thin films present linearity. The decrease total optical loss with deposited temper-ature is attributed to the higher packing density and lower optical absorption.

The potted pineapple cultivar 'Comte de paris' was used to study the influence of deficit irrigation on fruit sugar accumulation in greenhouse during the fruit enlargement period. The study included a control (normal irrigation) and two treatment groups, moderate deficit (50% of the control irrigation) and severe deficit (25% of the control irrigation). The results indicated that the deficit irrigation significantly decreased the sucrose accumulation. The sucrose content in the fruits of moderate deficit irrigation was the lowest. During the mature period, the deficit irrigation decreased the sucrose phosophate synthase activity(SPS) an increased the sucrose synthase (SS) and neutral invertase (NI). The moderate deficit irrigation significantly improved the acid invertase activity(AI). However, it was inhibited by the severe deficit irrigation. In general, the moderate treatment reduced the SPS activity and enhanced the NI and AI activities, while the severe treatment decreased the SPS and AI activities.

In order to understand the effects of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on blueberry fruit growth, various concentrations of Abscisic acid (ABA), Methyl jasmonate (MJ), Brassinolide (BR), Melatonin (MT) were sprayed on blueberry cv. 'Brigita' fruits. The results showed that all the PGRs put into effect on improving the quality of blueberry fruit. Comparing with the control plants no PGR spraying,300 mg/L of MT treatment promoted effectively accumulation of the soluble sugar. ABA 20mg/L treatment in-creased effectively accumulation of anthocyanin, and significantly decreased titratable acid content. The treatment of MJ 10mg/L improved significantly the soluble solid content. The effect of the four PGRs treatments on appearance did not show obvious difference.

Physiological and molecular studies proved that plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) subfamily of aquaporins play key functions in plant water homeostasis. Five specialized subgroups (TIP1-5) of TIPs have been found in higher plants, in which the TIP1 and TIP2 isoforms are the largest arbitrary groups. TIPs have high water-transport activity than PIPs, some TIPs can transport other small molecule such as urea, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and carbon dioxide. In this work, the structure of the putative tonoplast aquaporin from Gardenia jasminoides (GjTIP) was analyzed. Its transcript level has increased during fruit maturation. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that the protein belongs to TIP1 subfamily. A three-dimensional model structure of GjTIP was built based on crystal structure of an ammonia-permeable AtTIP2-1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. The model structure displayed as a homo-tetramer, each monomer has six trans-membrane and two half-membrane-spanning α helices. The data suggests that the GjTIP has tendency to be a mixed function aquaporin, might involve in water, urea and hydrogen peroxide transport, and the gating machanism founded in some AQPs involving pH and phosphorylation response have not been proved in GjTIP.

Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) regulates diverse, essential cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, protein synthesis, muscle contraction, carbohydrate metabolism, transcription and neuronal signaling. Inhibitor-2 (I-2) can inhibit the activity of PP1 and has been found in diverse organisms. In this work, a Gardenia jasminoides fruit cDNA library was constructed, and the GjI-2 cDNA was isolated from the cDNA library by sequencing method. The GjI-2 cDNA contains a predicted 543 bp open reading frame that encodes 180 amino acids. The bioinformatics analysis suggested that the GjI-2 has conserved PP1c binding motif, and contains a conserved phosphorylation site, which is important in regulation of its activity. The three-dimensional model structure of GjI-2 was buite, its similar with the structure of I-2 from mouse. The results suggest that GjI-2 has relatively conserved RVxF, FxxR/KxR/K and HYNE motif, and these motifs are involved in interaction with PP1.

The microstructure change of CLAM steel during creep testing process was investigated at the temperature of 923K with different stress. The results show that the fragmentation and polygonization of martensite lath, as well as the degeneration of dislocation structure are the main factors to deteriorate the creep performance. The stability of MX precipitates in CLAM steel during high temperature creep is good, but the amount and size of M23C6 precipitates are increased. The Laves phase was not found in all samples, which may be due to the experimental temperature is close to the dissolution temperature of Laves phase. The higher temperature accelerates the microstructure evolution of CLAM steel, which results in the degradation of creep properties.

With the development of society, the way of keeping warm clothing is also developing. Carbon fiber has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, mobility and comfort. As a heating element, it has good application prospect. In this paper, the main technology, application issues and design method of carbon fiber heating garment are analyzed, and the key problems in industrialization are also put forward.

Vacuum forming has many advantages over other plastic forming processes due to its cost effectiveness, time efficiency, higher product precision, and more design flexibility. Nevertheless, when pressures greater than the atmospheric value are required to force the thermo-plastic into more intimate contact with the mold surface, pressure forming is a better choice. This paper studies the process of air-pressure thermoforming of plastic sheet, and focuses on medical blister PVC products. ANSYS POLYFLOW tool is used to simulate the process and analyze the wall thickness distribution of the blister. The influence of mold parameters on the wall thickness distribution of thermoformed part is thus obtained through simulation. Increasing radius between mold and side wall at the bottom of blister and draft prove to improve the wall thickness distribution.

The growth and development of high-level female scientific and technological talents has become a global problem, facing severe challenges. The lack of high-level women in science and technology has become a global problem. How to recruit and help female scientists and technological talents grow raises awareness from the industry. To find out the main reasons for the lack of high-level female scientific and technological talent. This paper analyses the impact of gender discrimination on the lack of high-level female scientific and technological talents, the impact of disciplinary differences on female roles. The main reasons are: women's natural disadvantage of mathematical thinking; female birth, the traditional culture on the role of women and the impact of values.

In this paper we aimed to collect water-soluble anion and cationic through rapid capturing system of atmospheric fine particles in order to analyze the source of water-soluble ions of atmospheric PM_2.5 in Lanzhou city, and the characteristics of hourly concentration changes in different sand and dust weather processes. The author also applied Hysplit4.8 to conduct backward trajectory analysis. The results showed that the correlation between water-soluble ions is instrumental to infer the forms of water-soluble ions in Lanzhou, such as (NH₄) ₂ SO₄, NH₄NO₃, CaSO₄, and NH₄Cl. Lanzhou has been severely polluted by sand and dust apart from the increasing amount of Ca²⁺ under different dust sources and transmission paths. Na⁺ was also elevated in March, resulted from the dust going through the Hexi Corridor from the Taklimakan. Furthermore, in April Cl⁻ also increased due to the dust being derived from Outer Mongolia then passing Qaidam Basin. In addition, Na⁺ dramatically went up in the process of precipitation.

Research was taken on the hydrology and water quality process in the natural rain condition and water samples were collected and analyzed. The pollutant were included SS, COD and TN. Based on the mass balance principle, one dimension migration model was built for the rainfall runoff pollution in surface. The difference equation was developed according to the finite difference method, by applying the Newton iteration method for solving it. The simulated pollutant concentration process was in consistent with the measured value on model, and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was higher than 0.80. The model had better practicability, which provided evidence for effectively utilizing urban rainfall resource, non-point source pollution of making management technologies and measures, sponge city construction, and so on.

The major problem of the energy production in oil refineries is the high emission of CO₂ in China. The fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCC) is the key source of carbon emission in the oil refineries. According to the statistical data, the carbon emission of FCC unit accounts for more than 31% for the typical oil refineries. The carbon flow of FCC in the typical Chinese oil refineries were evaluated and analysed, which aimed at the solution of CO₂ emission reduction. The method of substances flow analysis (SFA) and the mathematical programming were used to evaluate the carbon metabolism and optimize the carbon emission. The results indicated that the combustion emission of the reaction-regeneration subsystem (RRS) was the major source of FCC. The quantity of CO₂ emission of RSS was more than 90%. The combustion efficiency and the amount of residual oil affected the carbon emission of RRS most according to the optimized analysis of carbon emission reduction. Moreover, the fractionation subsystem (TFS) had the highest environmental efficiency and the absorption-stabilization subsystem (ASS) had the highest resource efficiency (approximately to 1) of carbon.

China's industry boom has not only brought unprecedented prosperity, but also caused the gradual depletion of various resources and the worsening of the natural environment. Experts admit that China is facing serious environmental problem, but they believe that they can seek a new path to overcome it through joint efforts. Early warning information release and clean production are the important concepts in addressing the imminent crisis. Early warning information release system can monitor and forecast the risk that affects the clean production. The author drawn the experiences and lessons from developed countries, combined with China's reality, put forward countermeasures and suggestions about constructing early warning information release system in process of Chinese town-scaled enterprises clean production.

An exposure experiment was conducted to study the effect of different volume fraction of effluent streptomycin wastewater on the activity of the peroxidase (POD) activity and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in muscles of Zebrafish for 20 days. The results show that POD activity is significantly induced on the eighth day. POD activities in the muscles of Zebrafish exposed to the streptomycin wastewater of 20% exposure group were significantly different (0.01<P<0.05), and others were very significantly different (P<0.01). The POD activity of the other was almost equal to that of the control group. The MDA content was the effect of induction-inhibition-induction. The results show that as the value of volume fraction of the streptomycin wastewater increase, the Integreted Biomarker Responses (IBR) increase at first and then decrease. The IBR value of Zebrafish that exposed streptomycin wastewater ranged from 10.42 to 54.26, and the wastewater of 10% exposure group induced the maximum value on the twelve day. The study indicates that low concentration streptomycin wastewater has impacts on the antioxidant defense system and antioxidant ability of Zebrafish.

Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, there were always sustainable deposition, and by December 2015, it was a total of 1 billion 604 million t. Deposition mainly concentrated in the perennial backwater area downstream of Qingxichang station, the deposit amount is 1 billion 486 million t, accounting for 92.7% of the total sedimentation amount; the deposit amount of Qingxichang to Zhutuo section is 118 million t, accounted for 7.3% of the total sedimentation amount. After the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir into the 175m trial in 2008, the scope of deposition exhibits extension, the deposit amount of Qingxichang to Zhutuo section increases obviously. The spatial distribution of deposition is related to the channel width and the distance from the dam, deposition in front of the dam and the gully section of Fengjie to Fuling is the largest, while the deposition occurs in 2008 to 2010 in the upstream of Fuling, and it turns to scour after 2010.

As the representative of the new green energy, geothermal resources are characterized by large reserve, wide distribution, cleanness and environmental protection, good stability, high utilization factor and other advantages. According to the characteristics of exploitation and utilization, they can be divided into high-temperature, medium-temperature and low-temperature geothermal resources. The abundant and widely distributed geothermal resources in China have a broad prospect for development. The medium and low temperature geothermal resources are broadly distributed in the continental crustal uplift and subsidence areas inside the plate, represented by the geothermal belt on the southeast coast, while the high temperature geothermal resources concentrate on Southern Tibet-Western Sichuan-Western Yunnan Geothermal Belt and Taiwan Geothermal Belt. Currently, the geothermal resources in China are mainly used for bathing, recuperation, heating and power generation. It is a country that directly makes maximum use of geothermal energy in the world. However, China's geothermal power generation, including installed generating capacity and power generation capacity, are far behind those of Western European countries and the USA. Studies on exploitation and development of geothermal resources are still weak.

In recent years, with the continuous deterioration of pollution, resource space is gradually narrowed, the number of waste items increased, people began to use the method of recycling on waste products to ease the pressure on the environment. This paper adopted the external diseconomy of open-loop supply chain as the research object and constructed the model by the life cycle evaluation method, comparative analysis through the case. This paper also concludes that the key to solving the problem is to realize the closed-loop supply chain and building reverse logistics system is of great significance.

A series of numerical simulations were conducted using the process-based model XBeach to investigate dune response under normal and getting rid of infragravity wave conditions with different slopes. Erosion volume upside the dune toe and dune top recession are set as indicators for dune vulnerability as well as defence capacity for its front-beach. Results show that both dune erosion volume and dune top recession decrease with gentler dune slopes. Of all the simulation cases, dune with a face slope of 1/1 lost most sand and supplied most sand for lower-bed. The presence of infragravity waves is validated to be crucial to dune vulnerability. The dune erosion volume is shown to decrease by 44.5%∼61.5% and the dune top recession decreased by 0%∼45.5% correspondingly, in the case that infragravity motion is not taken into account during simulation for different dune slopes.

Marine oil spill has deep negative effect on both marine ecosystem and human activities. In recent years, due to China's high-speed economic development, the demand for crude oil is increasing year by year in China, and leading to the high risk of marine oil spill. Therefore, it is necessary that promoting emergency response on marine oil spill in China and improving oil spill prediction techniques. In this study, based on oil spill model and GIS platform, we have developed the Bohai and Yellow sea oil spill prediction system. Combining with high-resolution meteorological and oceanographic forecast results, the system was applied to predict the drift and diffusion process of Huangdao '11.22' oil spill incident. Although the prediction can't be validated by some SAR images due to the lack of satellite observations, it still provided effective and referable oil spill behavior information to Maritime Safety Administration.

Research for the decoupling of oil use from GDP growth has significance meaning to promotion and implementation of energy conservation in Northeast China. According to the calculation formula of decoupling index (Dr), the Dr of Northeast China are calculated respectively in 2000-2012, respectively. Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network forecasting model is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified. Using the model to predict the Dr value 2013 - 2020. The results show that: the values of Dr are greater than 0 in Northeast China, where the Jilin average annual Dr is the maximum value about 0.97. RBF neural network forecasting results shows that Dr is greater than 0 in 2013-2020, and no-decoupling state doesn't appear.

China is now the world's largest producer and consumer of nickel. As an important strategic metal, nickel is widely used in various industries of national economy. Whether the supply of nickel ore resources is sufficient or not directly restricts the development of downstream industries. It is becoming more and more important to evaluate the safety of nickel resources in our country, and to formulate the corresponding safety strategy. This paper uses fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the safety of nickel resources in China, and overcomes the subjectivity and singleness of traditional evaluation methods. On the basis of the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is introduced. At present, the safety situation of nickel resources in our country is in a more dangerous level, and we need to take positive measures to improve it.

During the vegetation natural regenerations in semi-arid sand areas, seed germination and seedling emergence are critical phases of maintaining plant population and realizing natural regeneration. It is generally accepted that soil moisture and soil seed bank are primary dependent factors in the phases. But the binary correlation analysis between seedling density and soil seed bank density as well soil moisture in transition zones between windword slopes of active dunes and interdune lowlands indicated that the correlation between seedling density and soil seed bank density was not significant (P > 0.05) in the plant growing season; but the one between seedling density and soil moisture was significant and positive (P < 0.05); moreover, seedling density increased logarithmically with the increasing of soil moisture. The conclusions reveal that soil moisture is a primary dependent factor during seedling emergence and establishment in the transition zones between the windword slopes of active dunes and interdune lowlands, but soil seed bank is not; and plant natural regeneration depends more on those propagating seeds from plant communities in neighbouring sand dunes.

For the pollution problem of the pig breeding scale, we took three indexes as evaluation criterion, including arable land per capita, the water resource per capita and per capita share of grain. Then SPSS was used to synthesized the natural resources supply indexes of the pig breeding scale. The results show that with the fast development of technology and the steadily rising of grain production, the natural resources supply indexes of the pig breeding scale are raising constantly.

A large section of salt bed is contented in Tarim region Piedmont which constructs complex geological conditions. For high-pressure gas well cementing difficulties from the region, high density cement slurry system has been researched through reasonable level of particle size distribution and second weighting up. The results of laboratory tests and field applications show that the high density cementing slurry system is available to Tarim region cementing because this system has a well performance in slurry stability, gas breakthrough control, fluidity, water loss, and strength.

Hydrological models are increasingly becoming important tools in agricultural water management. In this study, the effect of root length distribution on water uptake in a clay loam soil, a key process in agricultural hydrological models, is numerically investigated under a high transpiration demand. Four different root distributions (uniform, linear and exponential) are employed in the simulations. Results shown that roots distributed more evenly in the soil profile have an overall greater capacity and a smaller ability at later stages of transpiration of extracting water from the soil. Soil water 10 cm below the rooting depth has a very limited impact on crop transpiration.

In order to study the mechanism of bacteria used in the saline soil remediation process, the aerobic denitrification bacteria were isolated from an agricultural greenhouse soil in a farm in East China's Zhejiang Province. The identification, nitrogen reducing characteristics and the denitrification effect of bacteria from different soils at various locations were investigated. The results showed that the NO_3- removal rate was 91% with bacteria from the greenhouse soil under aerobic conditions in 52 h, and the bacteria were identified as Gram-positive Castellaniella denitrification bacteria.

Coastal engineering that carried out on the muddy seabed were always accompanied by diffusion of suspended sediment, and that would impact on the surrounding marine environment. A 2-D tidal flow mathematical model of the Yueqing Bay was established based on the Lagrange particle tracking model, the diffusion of suspended sediment in pile foundation construction process of a new wharf in the Yueqing Bay was simulated through a continuous moving points method, the calculation results were compared with the one calculated by the traditional convection diffusion method, it showed that the results calculated from the two different methods were similar, therefore it proved the suitability of the Lagrange particle tracing model in the suspended sediment diffusion problems.

Under the pressure of climate change and international carbon reduction targets, long-neglected rural energy consumption needs to be given high priority. China's rural energy consumption structure is in the transition from non-commercial to commercial sources, and rural energy has become a key determinant to slow down the carbon emission growth. This paper systematically calibrates the current situation of rural energy consumption in Beijing by using the survey data of 1866 households in 13 districts and counties in Beijing based on the trend of energy supply and demand change in China. To this end, the paper combines rural policy measures to assess the pressure on coal-burning and clean energy supply trends, puts forward the rural energy structure adjustment path, with a view to promoting the use of clean energy in rural areas and reduce the environmental consequences of coal-burning.

China's central six provinces are located in the hinterland of the mainland of China and play an increasingly important role in the process of China's economic and social development. This paper uses the 2016 statistical yearbook data to synthesize the environmental carrying capacity of six provinces in central China Evaluation. The results show that Shanxi Province has the highest environmental pollution carrying index, followed by Jiangxi Province, Anhui Province, Hunan Province and Hubei Province. Henan Province is with the lowest index, which shows that the carrying capacity of pig breeding in Shanxi outpaces the other provinces. And Henan Province owns the weakest carrying capacity.

Through literature review, the article points out that the existing of the high-efficiency agriculture definition is limited to results oriented thinking, apparently lack of process oriented thinking. Combined with the connotation of fusion agriculture and tourism, respectively from the time and space utilization efficiency, cash cost, elements of input and output form, etc, gives high-efficiency agriculture a new connotation. Under the perspective of a combined agriculture with tourism, efficient use of time and space, low realized cost, less costs and output form of agriculture, this is highly effective agriculture.

In this study, the bismuth titanate/calcium alginate composite bead was synthesized by immobilizing bismuth titanate Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ particles into 1.5% sodium alginate (SA) matrix. The Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalytic activity for the degradation of dye Rhodamine B in solution by as-prepared bismuth titanate/calcium alginate composite bead was investigated. The as-prepared composite beads CA/BTO-700 exhibited best photocatalytic efficiency for the degradation of RhB compared with CA/BTO-800 and CA/BTO-900 under simulated solar light. After 4 cycles in photocatalytic degradation of RhB, the degradation rate of the CA/BTO-700 nearly remained unchanged.

The IPCC's fifth assessment report indicates that climate warming is unquestionable, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events may increase, and extreme weather events can destroy the growth conditions of vegetation that is otherwise in a stable condition. Therefore, it is essential to research the formation of extreme weather events and its ecological response, both in terms scientific development and the needs of societal development. This paper mainly examines these issues from the following aspects: (1) the definition of extreme climate events and the methods of studying the associated response of vegetation; (2) the research progress on extreme climate events and their vegetation response; and (3) the future direction of research on extreme climate and its vegetation response.

This study provides an efficient and environmentally friendly advanced oxidation technique involving the combined application of natural sunlight and hydrogen peroxide for the removal of harmful cyanobacteria from lakes and reservoirs. In this paper, we collected water samples from Taihu Lake (Wuxi, China) in August 2016 when cyanobacterial blooms had occurred and then performed an outdoor experiment. Hydrogen peroxide at 0.6 mM had no obvious effect on the cyanobacterial inactivation in the dark, even stimulating cyanobacterial growth to some extent. Cyanobacteria were inactivated by higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (1.0 mM) in the dark, as well as 0.4 mM hydrogen peroxide under sunlight irradiation, indicating that natural sunlight significantly enhanced the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the removal of cyanobacteria. An experiment involving Pseudanabaena sp. (a harmful species) led to similar conclusions as the study using algae attained from Taihu Lake. This study provides a practical and effective method for controlling harmful cyanobacteria in natural water bodies.

Taking 2000-2003's data of foreign exchange income and the number of inbound tourism from as the sample, we studied the inbound tourism flow and the change of the Liquiity and the synergy degree in these cities. The flow of inbound tourism and the Liquiity in Henan province presented the characteristics of opposite change. In flow, it presents the steady uptrend, there were 3 general forms: gradually reducing, gradually rising and cross rolling type. In Liquiity, its types of high-quality and low-quality flows are basic equivalence, presents the staggered change state. Inbound tourism flow and the evolution of the Liquiity in Henan province can be divided into 3 stages, 2003 and 2008 is a node of its division. The evolution of the inbound tourism flow and Liquiity collaborative structure show that the complex conditions, especially the evolution of the synchronous 2-high type cities and synchronous middle type cities show a trend of decline. The number of later one appears to a change trend of increasing first and then, steady. The number of deviation cities is volatility. The reverse deviation cities are the most, which present a trend of decreasing at first, then coming steady.

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of PM_2.5 concentrations in Nanjing is explored based on the PM_2.5 data obtained by 9 automatic air quality monitoring stations in the city during 2012-2016.The results show that: 1)PM_2.5 concentrations were in a downward trend in the recent 5 years, but there were still some over-standard conditions in individual years; 2) among the different types of monitoring stations, the highest PM_2.5 concentrations were obtained at the traffic stations, followed by the urban stations, the control station, and the suburban stations successively; 3) from the perspective of temporal distribution, the highest PM_2.5 concentrations were observed in winter, followed by spring, autumn, and summer successively; 4) monthly average PM_2.5 concentrations followed a U-shaped distribution on the whole; 5) from the perspective of spatial distribution, PM_2.5 concentrations in the recent 5 years had the characteristic of being higher in the north and central region and lower in the south; 6) there were significant positive correlations between PM_2.5 concentrations and NO₂ and SO₂ concentrations, indicating that precursors have significant influence on PM_2.5 concentration.

In order to study acoustic emission (AE) evolution characteristics of coal with different mechanical properties in failure process, uniaxial compression experiments of coals from 4 mines were carried out to analyse fractal feature of AE time series by G-P algorithm. The results indicate that AE parameter series of all 4 different coals have fractal feature, and the fractal dimension value of coal with different properties go through a process of "first rise, then fall". The change of AE fractal dimension value can reflect the cracking evolution in coal failure process, which is closely related with the failure phase. The continuous decline of AE fractal dimension can be viewed as a precursor of impending failure of coal, which could provide theoretical basis for the AE pre-warning model establishment of coal dynamic disaster.

According to the characteristics of mechanical equipment remanufacturing system, the dynamic performance of energy consumption and emission is explored, the equipment energy efficiency and emission analysis model is established firstly, and then energy and ecological efficiency analysis method of the remanufacturing system is put forward, at last, the energy and ecological efficiency of WD615.87 automotive diesel engine remanufacturing system as an example is analyzed, the way of energy efficiency improvementnt and environmental friendly mechanism of remanufacturing process is put forward.

This paper analyses the current development situations of Shenzhen carbon trading market and China's green finance, and makes the policy recommendations for promoting the carbon trading market by developing green finance in Shenzhen. Shenzhen should take the lead in driving the localized application of green principle, and formulate Shenzhen green bond guidelines ASAP, to promote carbon trading associated enterprises to finance by using green bonds; it shall work to lower the threshold for financial institutions to participate in carbon trading market, and explore development of carbon derivatives.

Complexity, diversity and coordination are features of technology innovation of resource-based SMEs in China. This paper studies on the key factors of macro-environment, cooperation among enterprises and enterprise interior, which influence the upgrading of technology innovation of resource-based SMEs in China. This paper constructs integrated system of technology innovation to analyse the upgrade path to technology innovation of resource-based SMEs in China, so that enterprises would improve their technology innovation and get a new way to accomplish sustainable innovated development.

In the practical selection of Wushu athletes, the objective evaluation of the level of athletes lacks sufficient technical indicators and often relies on the coach's subjective judgments. It is difficult to accurately and objectively reflect the overall quality of the athletes without a fully quantified indicator system, thus affecting the level improvement of Wushu competition. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a systemic analysis method combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. This paper realizes structured, hierarchized and quantified decision-making process of evaluating broadsword, rod, sword and spear athletes in the AHP. Combing characteristics of the athletes, analysis is carried out from three aspects, i.e., the athlete's body shape, physical function and sports quality and 18 specific evaluation indicators established, and then combining expert advice and practical experience, pairwise comparison matrix is determined, and then the weight of the indicators and comprehensive evaluation coefficient are obtained to establish the evaluation model for the athletes, thus providing a scientific theoretical basis for the selection of Wushu athletes. The evaluation model proposed in this paper has realized the evaluation system of broadsword, rod, sword and spear athletes, which has effectively improved the scientific level of Wushu athletes selection in practical application.

Precipitation is an important part of the earth's climate system. This article makes full use of the advantages of remote sensing images. In this paper, the TRMM 3B42 satellite precipitation from 1998 to 2013 is selected as the data source and Guizhou Province as the research area. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation in Guizhou Province are studied by linear trend estimation, linear regression analysis and ArcGIS spatial analysis. The conclusion as below: Precipitation shows a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest in Guizhou Province. From the seasonal scale, Precipitation is mainly concentrated in summer and the least precipitation in winter. Over the past 16 years, precipitation in Guizhou Province has shown a fluctuating change. Summer precipitation trend is more obvious. And winter precipitation is not obvious.

Two widely used sea surface temperature (SST) datasets are compared in this article. We examine characteristics in the climate variability of SST in the China Seas.Two series yielded almost the same warming trend for 1890-2013 (0.7-0.8°C/100 years). However, HadISST1 series shows much stronger warming trends during 1961-2013 and 1981-2013 than that of COBE SST2 series. The disagreement between data sets was marked after 1981. For the hiatus period 1998-2013, the cooling trends of HadISST1 series is much lower than that of COBE SST2. These differences between the two datasets are possibly caused by the different observations which are incorporated to fill with data-sparse regions since 1982. Those findings illustrate that there are some uncertainties in the estimate of SST warming patterns in certain regions. The results also indicate that the temporal and spatial deficiency of observed data is still the biggest handicap for analyzing multi-scale SST characteristics in regional area.

This study presents a kinetic experiment process of briquette and raw coal samples in detail by means of Φ 75mm split Hopkinson pressure bar test system and dynamic stress-strain relations and mechanical properties of this two different coal samples. According to the experimental results, this two coal samples both have strain rate effect. The DIF (dynamic stress increasing factor) and DEIF (dynamic strain increasing factor) of the two coal samples have different trends. There is a turning phenomenon of DIF as the strain rate is around 100s^-1, and the DIF of the hard coal increases rapidly over 100s^-1, but the DIF increasing rate of soft coal has little change before or after the turning point. The DEIF of the two types of coal all increases with the increase of strain rate, but the turning strain rate of ordinary coal is 120s^-1, while a platform of turning strain rate exists for outburst coal with strain rate ranging from 100s^-1 to 210s^-1. It represents the discrepancy in their strain rate hardening effect and dynamic toughening effect.

In this study, a ZnO doped Er2O3 photocatalyst is employed to degrade diesel pollutant in seawater under visible light irradiation. The photocatalyst was prepared by a precipitation method and was characterized by SEM and XRD analysis. The experimental results proved that the nanocrystalline photocatalysts were highly active in the visible region. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of diesel was analysed by various experimental parameters namely dosage, doping ratio, initial concentration of diesel, pH value, concentration of H2O2 and illumination time. The degradation of diesel pollution in seawater was optimized by orthogonal experiment. According to the results, the removal rate of diesel is less than 30 % without any catalysts (only evaporation). The best effect exists when the dose of catalysts was 0.6 g/L, doping ratio of catalysts was 10%, initial concentration of diesel was 0.2 g/L, pH value was 8, concentration of H2O2 was 10 mg/L, illumination time was 1 h. The removal rate of diesel can reach 99.38 %. This study would make ZnO utilize sunlight more efficiently and accelerate the practical application of photocatalytic technology in organic pollutants treatment region.

In order to improve the development effect of Ji 45 block and slow down the nature decline, the bacteria evaluation experiment was carried out. Six strains were screened and their adaptability, emulsifying property and viscosity reduction were evaluated. The results showed that the strains of CYY0807 and CYY0810 have significant effect on the oil under reservoir conditions. The viscosity reduction rate reached 46.9% when the two strains were compounded. The gas chromatography results indicated that the compounded strains have good degradation effect on crude oil. The light components of crude oil increased and the heavy constituent reduced. According to the physical simulation experiment, the recovery was 9.2% under Ji 45 reservoir conditions by using the compounded strains.

In this study, the two different treatments are continuous rice and rice in rotation with bean, and the response is the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of rice or the rice yield. This study is to determine whether the rice in rotation with bean results in a significant effect—increasing the rice yield. In this completely randomized experiment, we randomly assigned 40 samples to the continuous rice and 40 samples to the rice in rotation with bean. Then the rice NDVIs of all 80 samples were computed. Because the statistical significance of the rice NDVI of the rotation treatment was observed in the experiment, we can be confident in the conclusion that it was the difference in treatments that resulted in the difference in the rice yield. That is, we can be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship between the rice in rotation with bean and the rice yield increase has been found.

This paper is to show the ability of remote sensing image analysis combined with statistical analysis to characterize the environmental risk assessment of cotton in rotation with rice and cotton in rotation with other crops in two ways: (1) description of rotation period of cotton in rotation with rice and cotton in rotation with other crops by the observational study or natural experiment; (2) analysis of rotation period calculation of cotton in rotation with rice and cotton in rotation with other crops. Natural experimental results show that this new method is very promising for determining crop rotation period for estimating regional averages of environmental risk. When it is applied to determining crop rotation period, two requested remote sensing images of regional crop are required at least.

In the application of non dispersive infrared (NDIR) carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration measurement, we need avoid the interference factors (such as temperature, pressure, gas, fluctuation of the light source and dust pollution etc.). In the past experiments only single factor, such as temperature, is often emphasized to the influence on the measurement results, without considering the effect of multiple factors. In order to study the change of gas concentration with measurement parameters, we constructs a CO2 detecting device with a BM530 gas detecting module, TMD10 temperature and humidity sensor. The experimental results show that: there is a correlation between the two interference factors: temperature and humidity. With the decreasing temperature, gas concentration measurement value decreases too. In developing process of instruments, we can make correction of the concentration- temperature instead of that of the measurement results under different temperature and humidity conditions.

With rapid growth in the production of high concentration phosphate and compound fertilizers in China, PG production is increasing every year. However, its utilization is not increasing at the same pace. Phosphogypsum is usually stored in such a way that not only it occupies lot of land, but also leads to minimal environmental pollution. This paper summarized the policies, standards and managements issues associated with PG utilization, and in order to help the PG utilization and management effectively.

Shenzhen is the most densely populated city in China and with a severe shortage of water. The per capita water resource is less than 200 m³, which is approximately 1/12 of the national average level. In 2016, nearly 90% of Shenzhen's drinking water needed to be imported from the Pearl River. After arrived at Shenzhen, overseas water was firstly stockpiled in local reservoirs and then was supplied to nearby water works. Tiegang Reservoir is the largest drinking water supply reservoir and its water quality has played an important role to the city's drinking water security. A fifteen-month's field observation was conducted from April 2013 to June 2014 in Tiegang Reservoir, in order to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of water quality factors and seasonal variation of trophic states. One-way ANOVA showed that significant difference was found in water quality factors on month (p<0.005). The spatial heterogeneity of water quality was obvious (p<0.05). The distribution pattern of WT, TOC, Silicate, NO₃^--N, TN and Fe was pre-rainy period > latter rainy period > high temperature and rain free period > temperature jump period > winter drought period, while SD showed the contrary. Two-way ANOVA showed that months rather than locations were the key influencing factors of water quality factors succession. Tiegang reservoir was seriously polluted by TN, as a result WQI were at IV∼V level. If TN was not taken into account, WQI were atI∼III level. TLI (Σ) were about 35∼60, suggesting Tiegang reservoir was in mesotrophic and light-eutrophic trophic states. The WQI and TLI (Σ) in sampling sites 9 and 10 were poorer than that of other sites. The 14 water quality factors were divided into 5 groups by factor analysis (FA). The total interpretation rate was 73.54%. F1 represents the climatic change represented by water temperature. F2 and F4 represent the concentration of nutrients. F3 and F5 represent the sensory indexes of water body, such as turbidity, transparency. The FA results indicated that water quality potential risk factors was total nitrogen (TN), and potential risk factors also include chlorophyll-a and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N).

The soil and water loss in Pinus massoniana forests is an urgent environmental problem in the red soil region of southern China.Using the method of field monitoring, by analogy and statistical analysis, The characteristics of soil and water loss of Pinus massoniana forests in Quaternary red soil region under 30 rainfall were analyzed,the results show that the relationship models of rainfall,runoff and sediment of pure Pinus massoniana plot were slightly different from the naked control plot,were all the univariate quadratic linear regression models.the contribution of runoff and sediment in different rain types were different, and the water and soil loss in Pinus massoniana forest was most prominent under moderate rain.The merging effect of sparse Pinus massoniana forest on raindrop, aggravated the degree of soil and water loss to some extent.

This paper examines whether oil consumption is constrained by output value, applying a cointegration test and an ECM to the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in China during 1985-2013. The empirical results indicate that oil consumption in China is constrained by the industrial structure both in the short run and in the long run. Regardless of the time horizon considered, the oil consumption constraint is the lowest for the primary sector as well as the highest for the tertiary sector. This is because the long-term industrial structure formation and the technological level of each sector underlines the existence of long run equilibrium and short run fluctuations of output value and oil consumption, with the latter being constrained by adjustments in industrial structure. In order to decrease the constraining effect of output value on oil consumption, the government should take some measures to improve the utilization rate, reducing the intensity of oil consumption, and secure the supply of oil.

The CGE model of Yunnan's macro economy was constructed based on the input-output data of Yunnan in 2012, and the development trend of the non-ferrous metals industry (NMI) under the China's new normal was simulated. In view of this, according to different expected economic growth, and optimized economic structure, the impact on development of Yunnan NMI was simulated. The results show that the NMI growth rate is expected to decline when the economic growth show a downward trend, but the change of the proportion is relatively small. Moreover, the structure in proportion was adjusted to realize the economic structure optimization, while the proportion of NMI in GDP will decline. In contrast, the biggest influence on the NMI is the change of economic structure. From the statistics of last two years, we can see that NMI is growing, and at the same time, its proportion is declining, which is consistent with the results of simulation. But the adjustment of economic structure will take a long time. It is need to improve the proportion of deep-processing industry, extend the industrial chain, enhance the value chain, so as to be made good use of resource advantage.

The Putaohua formation in Z block plays an important role in Jilin oil field. It's the lithologic reservoir,much composed of gray-green, magenta mudstone, argillaceous siltstone and fine sandstone. The Putaohua formation in Z block is mainly controlled by local structure. Reservoir is thin and drilling rate is low, so Putaohua formation in Z block has a good development prospect. By the analysis of typical reservoir profile of Putaohua formation in Z block we can know the reservoir types are mainly lithologic reservoirs and fault-lithology reservoirs, further we can comprehend that the oil-water distribution is controlled by structure and lithology.

A 3D numerical model is used to simulate the effect of coastline change on salinity distribution variation in the Liao River Estuary (LHE), China, consists of shallow channel and extensive tidal flat. Simulations are run with reclamation and land-ocean interaction to evaluate their effects on salinity transport for LHE. It is so evident to express the salinity diurnal varying with tide rather than the amount of runoff discharge; the LHE is always the rising tide advantage free of reclamation. To succinctly quantify the asymmetry degree of salinity distribution across the Gaizhou beach (GZB), the calculated parameter of low-salinity area is chosen. For dry seasons, such as May, the amplitude of its scale is from 209.54 km² reducing to 185.6 km². More interestingly, it demonstrates the variation shape divided into increasing at the west of GZB and decreasing in the east, varying from 7.4 to 20.9 km², especially the east of GZB. Despite the trend is basically consistent with flood seasons, the scale is 1.6 times higher than dry seasons. Reclamation has impact on low-salinity area variation enhanced coastal change influences on salinity distribution are less distinctive, but significant in ecological sustainability just like fishery breeding stability.

With the aggravation of climate change, extreme weather events occur continuously, cities are not resilient to climate change, and we need to change the concept of urban planning, centering on climate research and its research achievements, combining with the modern intelligent technology and formulating a smart city that resilience to the climate change, realizing the sustainable development of human, city, environment and society.

On the basis of summarizing the general situation of tourism environmental protection in China, this paper analyses the macro factors of tourism environmental protection by using PESTEL model. On this basis, this paper explores the improvement paths of tourism environmental protection based on PESTEL model. Finally, it puts forward the legal guarantee suggestion of tourism environment protection.

For the accurate measurement of the coal seam permeability coefficient, the application range of the coal seam permeability coefficient was studied under various gas flow conditions with the guidance of the coal seam gas flow theory. Adopting the radial flow method, the measurement and calculation of the permeability coefficient of the coal seam C_13-1 in Xinji No.1 Coal Mine shows that the permeability coefficient of the original coal seam C_13-1 is less than 0.1, and the coal seam is difficult to extract.

Cd pollution in marine bays is one of the critical environmental issues, and understanding the stages of transporting process of Cd in marine bays is essential to pollution control. This paper analyzed the stages of Cd's transporting process in waters in Jiaozhou Bay during 1979–1983. Results showed that the transporting process in waters in Jiaozhou Bay included seven different stages of 1) the sedimentation of Cd content was beginning, 2) the sedimentation of Cd content was increasing, 3) the sedimentation of Cd content was increasing greatly, 4) the sedimentation of Cd content was beginning to decrease, 5) the sedimentation of Cd content was decreasing stably, 6) the sedimentation of Cd content was beginning to stop, and 7) the sedimentation of Cd content was beginning to fully stop. In according to the different stages of Cd's transporting process in waters, the changing trends of Cd contents in surface and bottom waters and their relationships could be defined and predicted.

Many marine bays have been polluted due to the rapid development of economic and population. Understanding the changes of pollution sources of pollutants in marine bays is essential to pollution control. This paper analyzed the changes of Cd in Jiaozhou Bay during 1979–1983. Results showed that there were six Cd sources including marine current, river flow, island top, atmosphere deposition, overland runoff and wharf, whose source strengths were 0.12-0.25 μg L^-1, 0.07-0.85 μg L^-1, 0.48-3.33 μg L^-1, 0.14-0.55 μg L^-1, 0.38-0.53 μg L^-1 and 0.16-1.50 μg L^-1, respectively. The changes of the sources were mainly determined by human activities, and the distributions of Cd in Jiaozhou Bay were influenced by the spatial-temporal variations of the sources. In general, source control would be necessary countermeasures of pollution control in marine bay.

Many marine bays have been polluted by various pollutants due to the rapid development of economic and population. Understanding the transport processes of pollutants in marine bays is essential to pollution control. This paper analyzed the transport processes of Cd in Jiaozhou Bay based on investigation data during 1979–1983. Results showed that the major transport processes of Cd included terrestrial transport process, atmospheric transport process and oceanic transport process, respectively. Furthermore, this paper provided the block diagrams for these transport processes, which were determining the migrating paths and traces of Cd.

Air pollution is one of the important reasons for restricting the current economic development. PM2.5 which is a vital factor in the measurement of air pollution is defined as a kind of suspended particulate matter with its equivalent diameter less than 25μm, which may enter the alveoli and therefore make a great impact on the human body. Meteorological factors are also one of the main factors affecting the production of PM2.5, therefore, it is essential to establish the model between meteorological factors and PM2.5 for the prediction. Data mining is a promising approach to model PM2.5 change, Shenyang which is one of the most important industrial city in Northeast China with severe air pollutions is set as the case city. Meteorological data (wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity, rainfall, etc.) from 2013 to 2015 and PM2.5 concentration data are used for this prediction. As to the requirements of the World Health Organization (WHO), three data mining models, whereby the predictions of PM2.5 are directly generated by the meteorological data. After assessment, the random forest model is appeared to offer better prediction performance than the other two. At last, the accuracy of the generated models are analysed.

Research on changing characteristics of land use and ecological service value (ESV) can guide the regional land use planning and promote the rational use of environmental resources. On the basis of four phases of land-use data (2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015), this research analysed the changing characteristics of land use and ESV in the water source region of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SRMRP). The results showed that forest, grassland and cultivated land were the major land-use types in the SRMRP. During 2000∼2015, forest, grassland, farmland and wetland decreased. Construction land and bare land had increased, and the annual increase rates reached 3.6% and 8%, respectively. After the implementation of the water transfer project in 2003, water area was also increasing. The total ESV in the SRMRP is about 196 billion CNY, and mainly comes from the contributions of forest, grassland and farmland. During 2000∼2015, farmland shrinks leaded to the declines in value from supply service. With increasing in water and construction land, value from entertainment and cultural service increased. During the early stage of the water transfer project, value from regulation and support services increased due to the increase in water. With the decreasing in wetland and the increasing in construction land, the negative effects on the regulation and support services were increasing, and value from regulation and support services were therefore decreasing. During the process of resource exploitation and management, more attentions should be paid to the total control of construction land and wetland protection in the SRMRP.

The biogas production from anaerobic filter (AF) reactor was experimented in Taihu Lake Environmental Engineering Research Center of Southeast University, Wuxi, China. Two rounds of experimental operations were conducted in a laboratory scale at different Hydraulic retention time (HRT) and wastewater temperature. The biogas production rate during the experimentation was in the range of 4.63 to 11.78 L/d. In the first experimentation, the average gas production rate was 10.08 L/d, and in the second experimentation, the average gas production rate was 4.97 L/d. The experimentation observed the favorable Hydraulic Retention Time and wastewater temperature in AF was three days and 30.95^°C which produced the gas concentration of 11.78 L/d. The HRT and wastewater temperature affected the efficiency of the AF process on the organic matter removal and nutrients removal as well. It can be deduced from the obtained results that HRT and wastewater temperature directly affects the efficiency of the AF reactor in biogas production. In conclusion, anaerobic filter treatment of organic matter substrates from the rural domestic wastewater increases the efficiency of the AF reactor on biogas production and gives a number of benefits for the management of organic wastes as well as reduction in water pollution. Hence, the operation of the AF reactor in rural domestic wastewater treatment can play an important element for corporate economy of the biogas plant, socio-economic aspects and in the development of effective and feasible concepts for wastewater management, especially for people in rural low-income areas.

Plant resources in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River are endemic to a class of district. The article adopts the analytic hierarchy process method to evaluate the exploitation and utilization potential of plant resources of thirty typical plant resources on the basis of their characteristics in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River, which provide scientific evidence for quantitative evaluation of regional plant resources, and we also suggest pathways offering protection and development.

Inthis research, microstructure evolution forconcrete/mortar under multi-actions of composite salts dry-wet cycles and loading was investigated through X-CT measurements. The evolution process of pores and micro-cracking with the erosion time were tracked. Compared the different erosion actions, it was found that dry-wet cycles promoted the pores become connected gradually. Besides, the dry-wet cycles accelerated the damage seriously on interface area between concrete and aggregate, whistle, loading contributes to the cracking propagation toward the internal. Moreover, fly ash played a positive role in the increasing of the number of harmless holes again and contributed to the durability of concrete.

In this paper, factor analysis method was employed to analyze and calculate the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in the last decade, the proportion of research and experiment development (R&D) expenditure equivalent to GDP, urban and rural residents' pork consumption and explored the scale of Chinese pig breeding on economic carrying capacity index. The result showed that the growth of GDP had led to better techniques and higher field investment, and stronger support like science and technology from the government provided good conditions for large scale of pig breeding. Besides, the substantial increase of pork consumption between rural and urban residents has contributed to the pig breeding in large scale. As a result, the economic carrying capacity index in Chinese pig farming is on the rise.

Anomalous enrichment of soil elements (especially heavy metals) has aroused popular attention in China. In order to discuss distribution characteristics and analyze sources of elements in brown soil, field investigation and sample collection were carried out under different vegetation (cherry, apple, bamboos and pine) in Qixia, a typical apple production base in China. Element contents, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) were tested. Results showed that element concentrations were about roughly 2.48 times as China's background values, while significantly lower than the class ii of National soil Environment Quality Standard (Ni excepted). Meanwhile, vertical distribution and accumulation characteristics of elements in typical brown soil were significantly different under different vegetation. In detail, elements (Zn excepted) of Pine soil accumulated in surface, while they (Cd, Arsenic excepted) increased with depth under other vegetation. Moreover, pH and EC changed like elements, while MS was exactly opposite. It was found that those differences above were mainly caused by human activities (such as improper use of fertilizer, pesticide and inadequate use of organic fertilizer, etc.). Additionally, differences in composition and decomposition rate of vegetation litter also resulted in vertical differentiations of soil elements under different vegetation.

Wisdom exhibition is an inexorable trend in convention and exhibition industry in China. Information technology must be utilized by exhibition industry to achieve intelligent application and wisdom management, breaking the limitation of time as well as space, which raise the quality of exhibition service and level of operation to a totally new standard. Accordingly, exhibition industry should optimize mobile internet, a fundamental technology platform, during the advancing process of wisdom exhibition and consummate the combination among three plates including wisdom connection of information, wisdom exhibition environment and wisdom application of technology. Besides, the industry should realize the wisdom of external environment including wisdom of exhibition city, exhibition place, exhibition resource deal etc and break through bottle-neck in construction of wisdom exhibition industry, which includes construction of big data center, development of Mobile Internet application platform, promotion of information construction, innovative design of application scenarios.

The geostatistical approach has been studied for many year to identify the pollution source re-lease history in groundwater. We focus on the influence of observation error and hydraulic parameters on the groundwater pollution identification (PSI) result in the paper. Numerical experiment and sensitivity analysis are carried out to find the influence of observation point configuration, error and hydraulic parameters on the PSI result in a 1D homogeneous aquifer. It has been found out that if concentration observation data could accurately describe the characteristics of the real concentration plume at the observed time point, a nice identification of the pollution release process could be obtained. If the calculated pollution discharge process has good similarity with the real discharge process, the order of the observation error fell within 10-6 and 10-3.5, the dispersion coefficient varies fells within -10% and 5%, and the actual mean velocity fell within ±2%. The actual mean velocity is the most sensitive parameter of the geostatistical approach in this case.

Promoting the development of the central region has become a basic national policy of China. Based on the data in 2015, this article has used factor analytic method to compare and evaluate the natural resources supply indexes of the pig breeding scale of the six provinces in central China. The results show that Jiangxi province has the highest index, followed by Hunan, Anhui, Henan, Hubei. However, Shanxi province has the lowest index.

Management of three-echelon maintenance and supply is a common support mode, in which the spare parts inventory project is one of the critical factors for system availability. Focus on the actual problem of the equipment support engineering, the system spare parts are divided into two levels, and based on the METRIC theory, the three-echelon support evaluation model for system spare parts is established. The three-echelon system support degree is used as the optimization target while the cost is taken as the restriction, and the margin analysis method is applied to inventory project optimization. In a given example, the optimal inventory project and the distribution rule for spare parts is got, and the influencing factors for spare parts inventory is analyzed. The optimization result is consistent with the basic principle under the three-echelon support pattern, which can supply decision assistance for equipment support personal to design a reasonable project.

In this paper, according to the relevant national strategic emerging industry planning and policy, conducted in-depth research on the development of emerging industries in Nantong, and believes that current economic social development in Nantong has been entered into a new normal period, in the new period to "innovation" as the core characteristics, strategic emerging industry opportunities and challenges facing the industry. Therefore, Nantong should persist in innovation driven, focus on the cultivation and development of new industries, to provide new impetus to Nantong's economic vitality and development. According to the development and upgrading of traditional industries, and expand the advantages of industry, cultivate new industries, for each kind of industry to come up with specific development strategies and suggestions: Nantong municipal government will be the seven emerging industries four in the industry (i.e., new material industry, new energy industry, new information technology industry, high-end equipment manufacturing industry) as the development object, further "bigger and stronger", and strive to enhance the industrial scale and the formation of local characteristics as soon as possible.

The research is done on the Huangguogan (unique citrus breed in Sichuan, China). The experiment setted 27 groups of "Baoshiling" (self-study compound fertilizer) fertilization treatment to explore the "Baoshiling" different combinations on soil physical and chemical properties of Huangguogan. The results showed that all the combinations had improved the soil of Huangguogan orchard. The combination of A3B2C2 had the best effect. The best Fertilization management measures was "Baoshiling" bud flowering fertilizer 2kg, stable fruit fertilizer 2kg, strong fruit fertilizer 2kg. It could reduce the pH of soil and the bulk density of soil, increase the available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and urease activity.

Taking Yuyao city as the study area, using GIS technology to establish a database of soil ero-sion. Based on the database, soil erosion in the study area was Evaluated and the dynamic variation of soil erosion intensity was analyzed. The results showed that during the past ten years from 2004-2014, the overall situation of soil erosion in Yuyao city had improved, and the total area of soil erosion decreased year by year, with an average annual reduction rate of 3.3199 km2/a. But high intensity erosion area increased due to mining, quarrying, road building caused by. And some area had the evil trend, however the area was not large. In the process of the dynamic transition of erosion, the weakening area of erosion mainly came from the transition of slightly eroded area to non-apparently eroded area. the exacerbating erosion area mainly came from the transition of non-apparently eroded area to the slightly and moderately eroded area.

Recycled lightweight aggregate concrete prepared with waste brick recycled light aggregate has high water absorption, large apparent density and poor frost resistance. The technical measures of regen-erating lightweight aggregate concrete with modified waste bricks from volcanic slag are put forward. The effects of volcanic slag on the properties of waste lightweight aggregate concrete were studied. The experi-mental results show that volcanic slag can significantly reduce the apparent density of recycled lightweight aggregate concrete and improve its frost resistance.

It is the research object for the ecological stoichiometry of C, N and P on the different time of desertification grasslands enclosed and grazing grassland in Taibusi country of the Inner Mongolia, China. Through the measurement and analysis on ecological stoichiometric ratio of C, N and P in soil, the time of desertification grassland enclosed is determined. There are 13 soil of desertification grassland with different en-closure time, and 1 soil of grazing grassland. They are analyzed for the soil organic carbon, total nitro-gen, total phosphorus content and their density. The C/N of soil were increased with the extension of the time of desertification grassland enclosed. To 22 years enclosed, the C/N of grassland desertification soil enclosed is greater than the soil of grazing grassland that is 17. After the desertification grassland is en-closed, the C/N of soil is 13, and it is accumulated to maximum for C and N, and The grazing period is the best.

Nickel is an important strategic resource in China. With the gradual reduction of nickel re-sources and the increasing competition of the global mineral resources market, the safety of nickel resources in China has been seriously threatened. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the sustainable develop-ment of nickel resources in China and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. In this paper, the concept and research situation of sustainable development are analyzed. Based on the specific development of nickel resources in China, this paper uses AHP to evaluate the safety of nickel resources in china. Finally, it puts forward the concrete measures to implement the sustainable development strategy of nickel resources in China.

Tunnel excavation will bring additional deformation and internal force of adjacent bridge piles, if the deformation is large, it will threat the upper structure safety of the bridge. According to the complexity of the existing three - dimensional numerical simulation modeling and the time - consuming calculation, a two - stage analysis method of tunnel excavation based on Winkler foundation model was proposed. Firstly, Loganathan and Polous solutions were used to obtain the vertical displacement of the soil free field at the pile position when tunnel excavated, and the corresponding polynomial fitting displacement curve was taken. Secondly, the differential equation was established by means of the equilibrium condition of micro - element physical force and considering the pile group effect. Then, through the logical derivation, the calculation expressions of the tunnel excavation on the effect of the adjacent bridge pile (settlement, axial force and friction resistance) were obtained. Finally, based on the background of the tunnel project of Yanxing Door Station ∼ Xianning Road Station in Xi'an Metro Line 3, the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method were proved by comparing the calculated values with the numerical simulation values. It provides theoretical guidance for the effective analysis about the influence of tunnel excavation on the adjacent pile foundation effect.

The Scottish Reformation in the sixteenth century had a profound influence on the layout and function of Greyfriars Kirkyard. Since the Reformation it has been used in various ways such as a public cemetery, a weapon exhibition and military exercises site, and as the Covenanters prison. By exhaustively perusing historical documents, comparing different layouts in Edinburgh antique maps, and analyzing the epitaphs and engraved monuments within the cemetery, I have concluded the reconstructive principles of the sacred space represent three major shifts. The space has moved from sacred to secular from a single faith to multiple denominational and from an oppressive environment to a supportive one.

The aim of this paper is to clarify the thermal performance and environment of a demonstration building in Ningqiang, China, utilizing building indoor temperature and energy consumption simulation program EnergyPlus. Compared with the existing building model, the energy saving rate of the demonstration building model is 42.42%, 6.92% higher than that of benchmark model, based on simulation analyses.

Error compensation is a good choice to improve Coordinate Measuring Machines' (CMM) accuracy. In order to achieve the above goal, the basic research is done. Firstly, analyzing the error source which finds out 21 geometric errors affecting CMM's precision seriously; secondly, presenting the measurement method and elaborating the principle. By the experiment, the feasibility is validated. Therefore, it lays a foundation for further compensation which is better for CMM's accuracy.

Compressed air foam system (CAFS) had obvious advantages in engineering. The flow model of compressed air foam in the pipeline was different from water flow model because the foam was the gas-liquid two phase flow with non-Newtonian fluid properties and compressibility, and, the water supply theory was not suitable for foam press pipeline transport. At present, there was little research on non-Newtonian fluid flow, especially the foam flow. This study researched the effect of foam flux, end valve and foam type on the press in the straight pipe and bend. The press drop in straight pipes and bends filled with compressed air foam was analyzed, and the result could provide experimental support for theoretical calculation of compressed air foam in bend.

Pipelines are the most important transportation way for offshore oil and gas, and the lateral buckling is the main global buckling form for deep-water pipelines. The sleeper is an economic and efficient device to trigger the lateral buckling in preset location. This paper analyzed the lateral buckling features for on-bottom pipeline and pipeline with sleeper. The stress and strain variation during buckling process is shown to reveal the impact of sleeper on buckling.

The GHEs (ground heat exchangers) is an important element that determines the thermal efficiency of the entire ground-source heat-pump system. The aim of the present study is to clarify thermal performance of a new type GHE pipe, which consists straight fins of uniform cross sectional area. In this paper, GHE model is introduced and an analytical model of new type GHE pipe is developed. The heat exchange rate of BHEs utilizing finned pips is 40.42 W/m, which is 16.3% higher than normal BHEs, based on simulation analyses.

The concept of sustainable development in modern city landscape design advocates landscape architecture, which is the main development direction in the field of landscape design. They are also effective measures to promote the sustainable development of city garden. Based on this, combined with the connotation of sustainable development and sustainable design, this paper analyzes and discusses the design of urban landscape under the concept of sustainable development.

The foundation of Hongyun building B tower is made of raft board foundation which is 3300mm in the thickness concreted pouring amount of large and the late poured band in the pouring settlement formed. The temperature of the pouring settlement was controlled in order to prevent the crack of the construction of the late poured band. The steel of post pouring band was designed and monitorred. The quality of post pouring band quality is guaranteed in the raft concrete foundation of Hongyun Building B tower.

The foundation of Hongyun building B tower is made of raft board foundation which is 3300mm in the thickness and 2800mm beside side of the core tube. It is researched that the raft foundation mass concrete construction technology is expatiated from temperature and cracks of the raft foundation and the temperature control and monitoring of the concrete base slab construction and concrete curing.

The foundation of Hongyun building B tower is made of raft board foundation which is 3300mm in the thickness include four kinds of reinforcement Φ32, Φ28, Φ12 and 12 steel grade two, in respective. It is researched that the raft foundation mass concrete construction technology is expatiated from temperature and cracks of the raft foundation and the temperature control and monitoring of the concrete base slab construction and concrete curing. According to the characteristics with large volume and thickness of the engineering of raft foundation, the construction of the reinforced force was calculated and the quality control measures were used to the reinforcement binding and connection, so it is success that Hongyun Building B tower raft foundation reinforced construction.

FRP tube-concrete-steel tube composite column (DSTC) was a new type of composite structures. The column consists of FRP outer tube and steel tube and concrete. Concrete was filled between FRP outer tube and steel tube. This column has the character of light and high strength and corrosion resistance. In this paper, properties of DSTC axial compression were studied in depth. The properties were studied by two groups DSTC short columns under axial compression performance experiment. The different size of DSTC short columns was importantly considered. According to results of the experiment, we can conclude that with the size of the column increases the ability of it to resist deformation drops. On the other hand, the size effect influences on properties of different concrete strength DSTC was different. The influence of size effect on high concrete strength was less than that of low concrete.

The finite element model of concrete-filled steel tubular member was established by the numerical analysis software considering material nonlinearity to analyze concrete creep effect on the dynamic responses of the member under axial compression and lateral impact. In the model, the constitutive model of core concrete is the plastic damage model, that of steel is the Von Mises yield criterion and kinematic hardening model, and the creep effect at different ages is equivalent to the change of concrete elastic modulus. Then the dynamic responses of concrete-filled steel tubular member considering creep effects was simulated, and the effects of creep on contact time, impact load, deflection, stress and strain were discussed. The fruits provide a scientific basis for the design of the impact resistance of concrete filled steel tubular members.

Based on the similar material model test of full tunnel, the theory of elastic wave propagation and the testing technology of intelligent ultrasonic wave had been used to research the dynamic accumulative damage characteristics of tunnel's lining structure under the dynamic loads of high speed train. For the more, the dynamic damage variable of lining structure of high speed railway's tunnel was obtained. The results shown that the dynamic cumulative damage of lining structure increases nonlinearly with the times of cumulative vibration, the weakest part of dynamic cumulative damage is the arch foot of tunnel. Much more attention should be paid to the design and operation management of high speed railway's tunnel.

To ensure the security of the cantilever construction and elevation template adjustment for cable-stayed bridge, finite element model of guyed form traveller of Gan-zhu-xi cable-stayed bridge was built. At first, two models are considered under actual construction stage, then a static load test was carried out. The theoretic result was in consistent with the results from field test. It also showed that the optimal design was reliable and the operational performance could meet the construction requirements. Elevation template can be determined by the deflection measured results.

The traditional dwellings in mountainous central Shandong Province show rich historic cultural deposits and distinctive regional characteristics under the influence of the geographic environment, resource endowment and historic culture. Research was done on the main construction patterns of the traditional dwellings in mountainous central Shandong Province, as well as relevant data and techniques, revealing the symbiotic interdependence between the traditional dwellings and nature in different natural and humanistic environments, providing a certain theoretical reference for the diversified conservation and heritage of the traditional dwellings.

Migration is the movement of people from one ecological region to another; it may be on temporary or permanent basis. This research studies focused on the causes and consequences of rural-urban migration in Juba Metropolitan, Republic of South Sudan as a case study. The stratified random sampling method on the basis of existing payam (districts) was used to divide the study area into three zones of Juba, Kator and Munuku. Data were generated through primary and secondary sources. The data generated were analyzed using SPSS. The findings of the study show that Munuki payam covers most of the migrants. The study also reveals that males migrate more than the females in Juba and migration is high within the age cohorts of 30-39 years and 40-49 years old. Furthermore, the study revealed that the propensity to migrate is directly related to educational attainment. It can be inferred from the findings of the study that the majority of migrants in Juba Metropolitan migrated in search of employment while others migrated to continue their education while others migrated in search for basic amenities, to join relatives and get married. This means, until the imbalance or disparity in socio-economic development between the rural and urban areas are removed, no amount of persuasion or force can put a stop to rural-urban migration and its' multiplying effects in Juba Metropolitan, Republic of South Sudan.

integrated transport hub or high-speed rail station often talked about, often known as the "city portal" and the title of "city window", so the comprehensive transportation hub or the high-speed rail station of a city is very important to a region or a provincial. At the same time, it reflects that the managers and users of a city only focus on the comprehensive transportation hub of transportation service function and ignore her cities attributes and functions. Jinan east district comprehensive transportation hub in the beginning of design is given a feature that it has to serve both the traffic and city. We are trying to build a new center for Jinan east new town, the window to welcome people, the city hall of hospitality.

With the rapid growth of High-Speed Railway network in China, more and more stations has been designed. Based on the work of planning practice, this article has analyzed the influencing factors of proper supplement of parking space in High-Speed Railway Stations with analogy and parking turnover method, and taking East Ji'nan High-Speed Railway Station as an example to give recommended values.

Signal processing is the key component of vibration-based structural damage detection. The S transform is variable window of short time Fourier transform (STFT) or an extension of wavelet transform (WT). The goal of using S transform is to extract subtle changes in the vibration signals in order to detect and quantify the damage in the structure. This paper presents the concentrated load is applied to the simply supported reinforced concrete beam and adopting the stepwise loading method, the vibration signals of each loading and unloading state is obtained by using the hammer impact. Then the vibration data of the reinforced concrete beam pre-damage and post-damage is analysed by S transform. Experimental result shows the potential ability of S transform in identifying peak energy changes and multiple reflections with different loading force state.

For the study of chloride ion erosion in cracked concrete, this essay tries to take advantages of relevant trails to build up concrete chloride ion diffusion model based on the Fick's second law. The parameter of this model is easy to be set, and many factors such as the effect of cracks are taken into consideration in this experiment. The concept of "chloride ion diffusion coefficient of equivalent apparent" is introduced to simplify the calculation. It can help simplify the calculation process, and get a more accurate test result, as well as facilitating the practical application of this parameter.

The damage of masonry structures in earthquakes is generally more severe than other structures. Through the analysis of two typical earthquake damage buildings in the Wenchuan earthquake in Xuankou middle school, we found that the number of storeys and the construction measures had great influence on the seismic performance of masonry structures. This paper takes a teachers' dormitory in Xuankou middle school as an example, selected the structure arrangement and storey number as two independent variables to design working conditions. Finally we researched on the seismic performance difference of masonry structure under two variables by finite element analysis method.

In this paper, a new type of steel-concrete composite Vierendeel beam is proposed. The finite element analysis of the new type of steel-concrete composite Vierendeel beam is carried out by using ABAQUS. To compare the mechanical properties with traditional beam, the normal reinforced concrete beam with the same section size is also analyzed by using ABAQUS. The simulation results show that the material strength of the new type steel-concrete composite Vierendeel beam is fully utilized, and the flexural capacity and deformation performance of the new type of steel-concrete composite Vierendeel beam are greatly improved compared with normal reinforced concrete beam.

The stability of the parapet of the inclined breakwater directly determines whether the project can run safely. In recent years, people have studied the wave force of L-shaped parapet of inclined breakwater. The distribution of wave force is clear and the calculation method is relatively mature. However, there is little research on the distribution and calculation method of wave force on the surface of anti-L-shaped parapet. Through the physical model test, the distribution law of the wave force of the anti-L-shaped parapet is explored, and the calculated value of the wave force is compared with the measured value. The stress mode of the parapet inclined breakwater in the actual project is summarized, which can provide reference for the engineering application.

The concrete creep effect is more obvious when the box girder is assembled by segment. It is necessary to consider the influence of the loading value of the section at different time and the different age of concrete at different stages. In this paper, ACI209R-92, CEB-FIP MC90 and B3 and other concrete creep models are compared. The results show that the B3 model has many factors to consider and the calculation accuracy is high. Secondly, this paper discusses the influence of the segmental construction technology on the creep calculation, and puts forward the characteristics of the stress analysis of the segmental box girder. Finally, on the basis of the B3 model of concrete creep, the Midas software is used to establish the calculation model of segmental box girder, and the internal force and deformation of the box girder are calculated. The results show that the internal force and deformation of the box girder is too large due to the poor integrity of the segmental assembling process, which will seriously affect the normal service performance.

The development of fabricated buildings has become the main trend of the developm ent of modern construction industry in China. As the main tool of building information, BIM (b uilding information modeling) has greatly promoted the development of construction industry. Based on the review of the papers about the fabricated buildings and BIM technology in recent years, this paper analyzes the advantages of fabricated buildings and BIM technology, then exp lores the application of BIM technology in fabricated buildings. It aims to realize the rationaliz ation and scientification of project lifecycle management in fabricated construction project, and finally form a coherent information platform in the fabricated building.

Based on a certain threshold to ensure the durability of structure, the concrete-lined steel pressure pipes used in the structure of large hydropower station widely are allowed to exist in concrete cracking under the action of a certain hydraulic pressure. According to the 1:2 large scale experiment model and the measured data of Three Gorges Hydro-power Station, the existing different methods for calculating crack width were compared and improvements and crack control measures were raised.

How to analyze the nonstationary response signals and obtain vibration characters is extremely important in the vibration-based structural diagnosis methods. In this work, we introduce a more reasonable time-frequency decomposition method termed local mean decomposition (LMD) to instead the widely-used empirical mode decomposition (EMD). By employing the LMD method, one can derive a group of component signals, each of which is more stationary, and then analyze the vibration state and make the assessment of structural damage of a construction or building. We illustrated the effectiveness of LMD by a synthetic data and an experimental data recorded in a simply-supported reinforced concrete beam. Then based on the decomposition results, an elementary method of damage diagnosis was proposed.

This article describes four space architecture models with pictures based on Fractal Theory, and tries to sum up the advantages and disadvantages of the four basic space architecture models which can produce artificial gravity. Based on Fractal Theory, the author also puts forward to expanding the space architecture with powerful Cellular structures. The Conclusion of this research is that the use of honeycomb structures and four basic models can create lots of fantastic space architecture which provides artificial gravity. Therefore, this paper will have a profound impact on the development of space architecture.

With the resources crises and more serious pollution, the green building has been strongly advocated by most countries and become a new building style in the construction field. Compared with traditional building, the prefabricated building has its own irreplaceable advantages but is influenced by many uncertainties. So far, a majority of scholars have been studying based on qualitative researches from all of the word. This paper profoundly expounds its significance about the prefabricated building. On the premise of the existing research methods, combined with rough set theory, this paper redefines the factors which affect the prefabricated building risk. Moreover, it quantifies risk factors and establish an expert knowledge base through assessing. And then reduced risk factors about the redundant attributes and attribute values, finally form the simplest decision rule. This simplest decision rule, which is based on the DM technology of rough set theory, provides prefabricated building with a controllable new decision-making method.

According to the system of rubber bearing serially connected with column, the mathematical model of serially isolated system based on geometric nonlinear is investigated by using Hamilton's principle. The effects of axial pressure and difference column size to the series isolation system in seismic response is discussed. The series isolation system dynamics model based on geometric nonlinear is established considering the cross section rotated and the influence of the shear deformation and axial pressure. The differential quadrature element method is employed for discrete processing on governing equations and boundary conditions. Seismic response of series isolation system subjected to the far-field ground motions is solved numerically. Results show that: the slenderness ratio of cantilever column will significantly affect the seismic response of the isolation system under far-field ground motions, and it is particularly to response of the cantilever column.

Prestress loss is critical to impact the safety of prestressed structures. Unfortunately, up to date, there are no qualified techniques to handle this issue due to the fact that it is too hard for sensors to survive the harsh construction environments and the time-dependent service life of the large-span prestressed structures. This paper proposes a novel technique to monitor prestress loss in prestressed beams using Brillouin optical fiber sensors. A novel smart steel strand based on the sensing technique of full-scale Brillouin optical fiber sensors was introduced. Two kinds of prestressed structure were used to verify the concept of monitoring prestress loss using smart steel strands. The prestress loss data have been taken by Brillouin optical fiber sensors. And the monitoring results agree well with those from the conventional sensors. The monitoring data can reveal both the full-scale distribution and the time history of prestress loss during the construction stage and also in-service phrase.

Fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration was modified by hydrothermal treatment and used as catalyst support for Mn-Ce composite oxides. The prepared catalyst showed good activity for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH₃. A NO conversion of 93% could be achieved at 300 °C under a GHSV of 32857 h^-1. With the help of characterizations including XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, XPS and TPR, it was found that hydrothermal treatment brought a large surface area and abundant mesoporous to the modified fly ash, and Mn-Ce composite oxides were highly dispersed on the surface of the support. These physical and chemical properties were the intrinsic reasons for the good SCR activity. This work transformed fly ash into high value-added products, providing a new approach to the resource utilization and pollution control of fly ash.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) concept has expanded widely in many countries for more than a decade with its role of improving current practices in construction projects. However, the understanding of BIM differs among construction players, depending on how construction players utilize the concept in their projects. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the understanding of BIM concept among construction players in the Malaysian construction industry. A literature review on BIM concept and semi-structured interviews with construction players in BIM such as client, civil and structural (C&S) engineer and mechanical and electrical (M&E) engineer, quantity surveyor (QS), contractor, facilities manager and BIM consultant have been conducted in order to achieve this study's the aim. The results show that the understanding of BIM concept among the construction players is limited to BIM as a process and technology. It is important for the construction players to improve their understanding of BIM as it can be used to enhance performance and productivity of construction projects.

This paper established sequentially coupled thermal-mechanical models of timber--concrete composite (TCC) beams by finite element software ANSYS to investigate the fire resistance of TCC beam. Existing experimental results were used to verify the coupled thermal-mechanical model. The influencing parameters consisted of the width of timber beam, the thickness of the concrete slab and the timber board. Based on the numerical results, the effects of these parameters on fire resistance of TCC beams were investigated in detail. The results showed that modeling results agreed well with test results, and verified the reliability of the finite element model. The width of the timber beam had a significant influence on the fire resistance of TCC beams. The fire resistance of TCC beams would be enhanced by increasing the width of timber beam, the thickness of concrete slab and the timber board.

The paper discusses the current situation and existing problems of ecological restoration and tourist infrastructure development of Xiamen Xianyue Park located in Xiamen Island, China. Issues of ecosystem restoration and landscape improvement, restoring habitats, and ecosystem management system are analyzed. Options of further optimization of the tourist-targeted infrastructure are proposed, which take into account the ecological system and landscape pattern optimization, promotion of ecotourism, and implementation of the ecological management system. The particular solution envisages the park zoning with three primary zones (ecological protection, ecological buffer, and general activity zones) and five secondary ones (scenic landscape, ecotourism, religious activity, buildings and structures, and entertainment zones). By integrating the ecological principles into other land use objectives, taking full advantage of the park ecological and cultural heritage, and improving its ecological management, it is expected to provide the ecological restoration of the park under study and optimize its contribution to the regional economic and social development.

Aiming at different kind of walls in five cities of different zoning for thermal design, using thermal instantaneous response factors method, the author develops software to calculation air conditioning cooling load temperature, thermal response factors, and periodic response factors. On the basis of the data, the author gives the net work analysis about the influence of dynamic thermal of wall on air-conditioning load and thermal environment in building of different zoning for thermal design regional, and put forward the strategy how to design thermal insulation and heat preservation wall base on dynamic thermal characteristic of wall under different zoning for thermal design regional. And then provide the theory basis and the technical references for the further study on the heat preservation with the insulation are in the service of energy saving wall design.

All-year thermal dynamic load simulating and energy consumption analysis for new energy-saving building is very important in building environment. This software will provide the referable scientific foundation for all-year new thermal dynamic load simulation, energy consumption analysis, building environment systems control, carrying through farther research on thermal particularity and general particularity evaluation for new energy -saving walls building. Based on which, we will not only expediently design system of building energy, but also analyze building energy consumption and carry through scientific energy management. The study will provide the referable scientific foundation for carrying through farther research on thermal particularity and general particularity evaluation for new energy saving walls building.

Combined with the settlement observation data in soft soil foundation test section of highway projects, the final settlement of soft soil foundation by preloading was calculated by using three-point method, Asaoka method and hyperbola method, and the comparative analysis on the final settlement and post-construction settlement of soft soil foundation were conducted by various calculation methods, then the suitability of calculation methods for post-construction settlement of highway soft soil foundation was discussed. And the results are shown as follows: (1) The final settlement results calculated by three-point method and Asaoka method were less than hyperbolic method, due to only considering the primary consolidation settlement for the first two methods; the calculation results of three methods were close to each other when the secondary consolidation settlement was considered, and the secondary consolidation settlement should be considered when the post-construction settlement was calculated by the first two methods. (2) The post-construction settlement and differential settlement of soft soil foundation test section of highway calculated by three methods were all satisfied with the design requirements.

For the last two centuries, Palestinian territory had faced several changes. This is due to historical precedents and the unstable political situation in the area. This has resulted in mutli-faced challenges in Palestine. The objective of this paper is to analyse and understand the major factors that had impacted the urban planning, urban form and urban development of the Palestinian territory. The findings showed that the lack of available land, rapid urban population growth, failure in urban planning policy decisions, the unstable political situation on the ground, fragmented urban developments in the west bank area, and also diffusion of urban sprawls within the landscapes and around the cities are the major factors that caused challenges in Palestine's cities.

In order to study deformation characteristics of non-consecutive single jointed rock masses under impact loads, we used the cement mortar materials to make simulative jointed rock mass samples, and tested the samples under impact loads by the drop hammer. Through analyzing the time-history signal of the force and the displacement, first we find that the dynamic compression displacement of the jointed rock mass is significantly larger than that of the intact jointless rock mass, the compression displacement is positively correlated with the joint length and the impact height. Secondly, the vertical compressive displacement of the jointed rock mass is mainly due to the closure of opening joints under small impact loads. Finally, the peak intensity of the intact rock mass is larger than that of the non-consecutive jointed rock mass and negatively correlated with the joint length under the same impact energy.

The value and necessity of the current renovation and reuse of old industrial buildings are obtained by introducing the status quo of China's old industrial buildings and citing the protection methods in the world in each period. Through the field investigation and observation analysis in Guangzhou, China, taking the number of users as the evaluation standard, the influence of the building material, color, number of floor, lighting and greening on the renovation and utilization of old industrial buildings is expounded. Combined with the relevant theory and case analysis, the favorable factors of affecting the old industrial building renovation are obtained to be some of the inspiration and recommendations of the old industrial building renovation and utilization. Finally, according to research conclusion, it is applied to the actual project. Through the project design, the previous research conclusion is further comprehensively used, and the final result is explained with the help of the three-dimensional model.

This paper elaborates the development phenomenon of high-rise buildings nowadays. The development trend of super high-rise buildings worldwide is analyzed based on data from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, taking the top 100 high-rise buildings in different continents and with the time development and building type as the objects. Through analysis, the trend of flourishing of UAE super high-rise buildings and stable development of European and American high-rise buildings is obtained. The reasons for different development degrees of the regions are demonstrated from the aspects of social development, economy, culture and consciousness. This paper also presents unavoidable issues of super high-rise buildings and calls for rational treatment to these buildings.

Based on the transit line 3, we studied the effect of the bridge piles crossed closely from the side by the shield tunnel. Using the three-dimensional finite element numerical analysis software Midas GTS/NX, we analyzed the effect of shield tunnel on pile deformation, statistics are obtained that under the condition of pile, subgrade reinforcement and ground changes. The calculation results show that in the condition of reinforcement, the new tunnel shield crossing through the pile caused longitudinal disturbance of the tunnel surrounding strata along the tunnel, where the soil over the area is within a certain range of pile and settlement deformation of surface subsidence occurs, changing the surface roughly to the shape of "V". The maximum value appears above the shield tunnel and the value is high. In combination with engineering geology, hydrogeology and environment factors, this paper adopted isolation pile reinforcement to the pile, and the simulated results show that, pile settlement was significantly reduced under the condition of pile reinforcement. The calculation results show the rationality of the reinforcement scheme to a certain extent, which provides a theoretical basis for the similar tunnel.

Through the numerical simulation software FLAC3D, study on the synergetic effect of micro pile composite soil nailing will be studied. By adjusting the micro pile spacing and analysing the displacement field and stress field of soil, we can find that supporting effect of the soil nail hasn't work yet when the micro pile spacing is 2D. The soil arching between piles has been formed in the pile spacing 4D ∼ 6D. The composite effect of micro pile and soil nailing will be the best and the soil arch behind piles will be firstly formed in 6D, the horizontal saddle soil arch will be formed between the nails. The nail head coincidence pressure area and micro pile pressure area are overlapping to maintain stability in the soil between piles. When the micro pile spacing is 9D, the arch behind piles will be failure, the soil flows around, but the saddle arch between the nails into circular arch, the supporting effect of the soil nailing is enhanced. When the micro pile spacing is 12D, the arch of the nails becomes smaller, sliding surface appears primitively. Based on the conclusions above, it is suggested that the micro pile spacing between 2D ∼ 6D is suitable for the micro pile and soil nailing composite support. The conclusion can provide theoretical basis for the design and construction of micro pile composite soil nailing.

In view of designing the air conditioning project for a gymnasium successfully, the cooling and heating source schemes are fully studied by analyzing the surrounding environment and energy conditions of the project, as well as the analysis of the initial investment and operating costs, which indicates the air source heat pump air conditioning system is the best choice for the project. The indoor air conditioning schemes are also studied systematically and the optimization of air conditioning schemes is carried out in each area. The principle of operating conditions for the whole year is followed and the quality of indoor air and energy-saving are ensured by the optimized design schemes, which provide references for the air conditioning system design in the same kinds of building.

Huishang Tiandi deep foundation pit in Yiwu is a two-story basement,which is located in the downtown area and adjacent to the city center main traffic trunk. The surrounding environment is too com-plex to slope. The excavation depth is large, the formation is weak and complex, and the groundwater level is high.In order to ensure the safety of the foundation wall and the surrounding environment, the deformation of the foundation pit support is strictly controlled, and the deformation and internal force of the foundation supporting structure and the surrounding building are monitored.The deformation law of the foundation pit is obtained through the analysis of the horizontal displacement, the deformation rate of the supporting struc-ture, the surrounding environment of the foundation pit and the internal force of the anchor cable. The relia-bility and rationality of the design of foundation pit support are verified. It is of reference value for the de-sign and construction of other deep foundation pit engineering in Yiwu area.

Daily useful energy was studied on different daily solar irradiance, which is important to the coefficient of thermal performance(CTP) of domestic solar water heater. The numerical simulation of 8 hours thermal performance experimental was carried out by Fluent, and the thermal energy equation was obtained by least-squares fitting method, the influence between daily solar irradiance and daily useful energy was analyzed quantitatively, The feasibility of the equation was verified. The accuracy of the test results could be increased by the application of the equation.

Compared with traditional manufacturing mode, could networked manufacturing improve effort levels of the partners? What factors will affect effort level of the partners? How to encourage the partners to improve their effort levels? To answer these questions, we introduce network effect coefficient to build effort level model of the partners in networked manufacturing. The results show that (1) with the increase of the network effect in networked manufacturing, the actual effort level can go beyond the ideal level of traditional manufacturing. (2) Profit allocation based on marginal contribution rate would help improve effort levels of the partners in networked manufacturing. (3) The partners in networked manufacturing who wishes to have a larger distribution ratio must make a higher effort level, and enterprises with insufficient effort should be terminated in networked manufacturing.

Microbubble formation under the surroundings of co-flowing liquid (CFL) in a specially designed microfluidic chip was investigated. A new microfluidic chip utilizing several capillary tubes was fabricated to provide the co-axial flowing conditions. An experiment platform based on high-speed microscopic camera system (HSMCS) was designed and set up. The influences of nitrogen pressure and liquid flow rate on detachment distance and volume variation of target microbubble were studied experimentally. Experimental data and analysis results indicated that the detachment distance of target microbubble decreases substantially as the rate of CFL increases while it is almost independent of nitrogen pressure. Additionally, the volume growth rate of target microbubble almost keeps constant under fixed nitrogen pressure. The present study provides empirical references for studies in microbubble formation in microfluidic chips which contributes to realize the accurate controllability in diameter and size distribution of microbubble.

In order to maintain the stability of the power system, a suitable stability analysis method must be adopted. Firstly, the eigenvalue analysis method is studied, and the process of judging the stability of the system according to the small signal stability analysis criterion is given. Then, the system stability under the interference of a stochastic small signal is analyzed, and the analytical method to judge the system stability based on the mean stability criterion and the mean square stability criterion is presented. Finally, the concrete measures to improve the static stability and transient stability of the power system are put forward.

The Middle East is a key node of "One Belt and One Road strategy". Energy investment is an important part of Chinese investment in the Middle East. The political turmoil in the Middle East has brought the political risks to Chinese investors. In the future, with the globalization of Chinese resource distribution and the expansion of Chinese outward investment, it is significant for China to ensure its energy security. Based on the analysis of the situation of Chinese energy strategy in the Middle East, this paper tries to put forward some suggestion about Chinese energy investment in the Middle East in order to protect Chinese energy security effectively.

This study presents a systematic evaluation of the climate rationality and homogeneity of monthly sea surface temperature (SST) in Longkou marine station from 1960 to 2011. The reference series are developed using adjacent surface air temperature (SAT) on a monthly timescale. The results suggest SAT as a viable option for use in evaluating climate rationality and homogeneity in the SST data on the coastal China Seas. According to the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and SAT of the adjacent meteorological stations, we confirm that there is no climate shift in 1972/1973 and then the climate shift in 1972/1973 is corrected. Besides, the SST time series has serious problems of inhomogeneity. Three documented break points have been checked using penalized maximum T (PMT) test and metadata. The changes in observation instruments and observation system are the main causes of the break points. For the monthly SST time series, the negative adjustments may be greatly due to the SST decreasing after automation. It is found that the increasing trend of annual mean SST after adjustment is higher than before, about 0.24 °C/10 yr.

Orthogonal test method could decrease experimental times and obtain better test effect. The Taguchi method, as well as mean value response and analysis of variance, were applied in this paper to study the influence of water flow velocity in pipe, diameter and water temperature of pipe inlet on heat transfer of ground heat exchanger. The optimum design parameters and the estimated values of heat flux per meter of well depth for single U-tubes are obtained. The analysis revealed that diameter is the most influential parameter for heat flux per meter of well depth in single U-tubes while water flow velocity within 0.3m/s to 0.5m/s. And water flow velocity and diameter are important influential parameters for heat flux per meter of well depth in single U-tubes while water flow velocity within 0.5m/s to 0.8m/s. Tubes with big diameters are superior to tubes with small diameters in the design of ground source heat exchanger with single U-tubes.

Based on the theory of hydrodynamics, a mathematical model of nozzle water jet flow field in hydraulic cutting is established. By numerical simulation, the effects of nozzle convergence angle, nozzle outlet diameter and cylindrical section length on water jet flow impact is obtained, and the influence of three factors on the nozzle water jet flow field is analyzed. The optimal nozzle parameters are obtained by simulation as follows: convergence angle is 13 °, cylindrical section length is 8 mm and nozzle outlet diameter is 2 mm. Under this optimal nozzle parameters, hydraulic cutting has the best comprehensive effect.

This paper studied the carbon mitigation paths of the power sector in Shenzhen, China from a supply-side perspective. We investigated the carbon mitigation potentials and investments of seventeen mitigation technologies in the power sector, and employed a linear programming method to optimize the mitigation paths. The results show that: 1) The total carbon mitigation potential is 5.95 MtCO₂ in 2020 in which the adjustment of power supply structure, technical improvements of existing coal- and gas-fired power plant account for 87.5%,6.5% and 6.0%, respectively. 2) In the optimal path, the avoided carbon dioxide to meet the local government's mitigation goal in power sector is 1.26 MtCO₂.The adjustment of power supply structure and technical improvement of the coal-fired power plants are the driving factors of carbon mitigation, with contributions to total carbon mitigation are 72.6% and 27.4%, respectively.

In this paper, the characters of two control valves used for ammonia injection in SCR system are discussed. The linear/quadratic character between pressure drop/outlet flow rate and valve opening/dynamic pressure inlet are investigated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and response surface analysis (RSA) methods. The results show that the linear character of brake valve is significantly better than butterfly valve, which means that the brake valve is more suitable for ammonia injection adjustment than the butterfly valve.

As one of the pilot cities in China for demonstration and promotion of new-energy automobiles, Shenzhen, driven by the "two engines" of the government and the market, has made swift progress in promotion of its new-energy automobiles. This paper analyses Shenzhen's governmental promotion policy concerning new-energy automobiles, summarizes Shenzhen's commercial models for promoting new-energy automobiles, and is expected to provide reference for other provinces and cities to promote new-energy automobiles.

In order to effectively control the aerodynamic noise of a compressor, this paper takes into consideration a marine exhaust turbocharger compressor as a research object. According to the different design concept of volute section, tongue and exit cone, six different volute models were established. The finite volume method is used to calculate the flow field, whiles the finite element method is used for the acoustic calculation. Comparison and analysis of different structure designs from three aspects: noise level, isentropic efficiency and Static pressure recovery coefficient. The results showed that under the concept of volute section model 1 yielded the best result, under the concept of tongue analysis model 3 yielded the best result and finally under exit cone analysis model 6 yielded the best results.

The investigation on the influences of electrolyte and flow shear on rheological properties of highly-concentrated cohesive sediment suspension is an important subject in the context of sediment transport dynamics. By means of experiment measurement and theoretical analysis, this project studies the influence of electrolyte (valence of cation and concentration) on the rigidity (or viscosity) and yield stress of highly-concentrated cohesive sediment suspension under a static condition, then discusses a possible explanation involved in the role which is played by electrolyte in determinations of rigidity and yield stress of the suspension considering the influences of all factors such as electrolyte condition, primary sediment concentration, median size and size distribution of sediment particle.

The enterprise who has combined cooling heating and power system has both the customer group and the power generation resources. Therefore, it can be used as a power user, and can also be used as a power generation enterprise to participate in the direct purchase of electricity. This paper combines characteristics of mixed cooling heating and power, designs application business model of mixed cooling heating and power, and puts forward to the scene of cooling heating and power trading scheme, helping the enterprise according to the power supply and demand situation in the region adjust their positions and participate in the electricity market.

The vacuum preloading will produce an effect of tension fracture on existing road. We have established the mechanical model of vacuum preloading in vacuum preloading zone by using FLAC3D software and analyze the influence of the supporting structure, which is the high pressure jet grouting pile. The influential area of vacuum preloading with the high pressure jet grouting pile of the expressway is 20 meters and the largest settlement is 2.24 centimeters. Obviously, the high pressure jet grouting pile can weaken the influence of vacuum preloading on the expressway obviously more.

Compared with traditional converter steelmaking process, steelmaking process with limestone uses limestone to replace lime partly. A lot of researchers have studied about the new steelmaking process. There are much related research about material balance calculation, the behaviour of limestone in the slag, limestone powder injection in converter and application of limestone in iron and steel enterprises. The results show that the surplus heat of converter can meet the need of the limestone calcination, and the new process can reduce the steelmaking process energy loss in the whole steelmaking process, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and improve the quality of the gas.

With the development of power electronics technology, how to improve the output quality of DC power supply has become an important subject of recent scholars' research. This paper put forward a new PWM control mode, the DC power supply output ripple is effectively suppressed. The theoretical basis is given by the principle analysis. Finally, the accuracy of the theoretical analysis is verified by simulation.

The paper designs a new wind-water cooling and heating water conditioner system, connects cooling tower with heat recovery device, which uses cooling water to completely remove the heat that does not need heat recollection, in order to ensure that the system can work efficiently with higher performance coefficient. After the test actual engineering operation, the system's maximum cooling coefficient of performance can reach 3.5. Its maximum comprehensive coefficient of performance can reach 6.5. After the analysis of its economic and environmental, we conclude that the new system can save 89822 kw per year. It reflects energy-saving and environmental benefits of the cold and hot water air conditioning system.

This article studied a new floating offshore platform for special purposes, which was assembled by standard floating modules. The environmental load calculation of the platform is an important part of the research of the ocean platform, which has always been paid attention to by engineers. In addition to wave loads, the wind loads and current loads are also important environmental factors that affect the dynamic response of the offshore platform. The current loads on the bottom structure should not be ignored. By Fluent software, the hydrostatic conditions and external current loads of the platform were calculated in this paper. The coefficient which is independent of the current velocity, namely, current force coefficient, can be fitted through current loads, which can be used for the consequent hydrodynamic and mooring analyses.

This paper studied a new type of assembled marine floating platform for special purposes. The selection and optimization of mooring cables on the floating platform are studied. By using ANSYS AQWA software, the hydrodynamic model of the platform was established to calculate the time history response of the platform motion under complex water environments, such as wind, wave, current and mooring. On this basis, motion response and cable tension were calculated with different cable mooring states under the designed environmental load. Finally, the best mooring scheme to meet the cable strength requirements was proposed, which can lower the motion amplitude of the platform effectively.

Demand response plays an important role in maintaining the economic stability of the system, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, fast response, good environmental benefits and so on. Demand side resource is an important part of electricity market. The research of demand side resources in our country is still in the initial stage, but the opening of the electricity sales side provides a broad prospect for the development of electricity market. This paper summarizes the main types of demand side resources in our country, analyzes the economic principle of demand response from the micro perspective, puts forward some suggestions on the operation mechanism of China's demand side resources participating in the electricity market under the condition of electricity sales side opening, analyzes the current situation of pricing in the electricity wholesale market and sets up the pricing strategy of the centralized wholesale market with the demand side power supply participating in quotation, which makes the social and economic benefits reach the maximum.

For smoothing and weakening the random and fluctuant wind power, an approach of hydropower coordinate with wind power is proposed. Firstly, based on a certain capacity of wind farm and the hypothesis of indifference of wind power capacity in this paper, the capacity of hydropower station to absorb wind power has been analyzed quantitatively and the relationship characteristic curve between hydropower and wind power absorption has been depicted; secondly, the characteristic of the curve under the condition of different quantities of wind power electricity is analyzed and proved; finally, a model which maximizes the combination of hydro-wind power is built and an adjustable hydropower plant coordinated with wind power station is simulated. According to the results, the effect of wind power absorption was fairly good and the output of combo that hydropower cooperated with wind power was stable, and this research has provided a favorable strategy for absorbing wind power for power grid.

Accurate estimation of state-of-charge (SOC) for lithium ion battery is crucial for real-time diagnosis and prognosis in green energy vehicles. In this paper, a state space model of the battery based on Thevenin model is adopted. The strategy of estimating state of charge (SOC) based on extended Kalman fil-ter is presented, as well as to combine with ampere-hour counting (AH) and open circuit voltage (OCV) methods. The comparison between simulation and experiments indicates that the model's performance matches well with that of lithium ion battery. The algorithm of extended Kalman filter keeps a good accura-cy precision and less dependent on its initial value in full range of SOC, which is proved to be suitable for online SOC estimation.

Estimating the state of charge (SOC) of electric vehicle (EV) batteries accurately and timely is of great significance to the safe trip of pure EV. Based on the nonlinear properties of the battery, and the standard particle filter (PF) has certain adaptability for this feature, so it can be used to accurately estimate the SOC of the batteries. However, the standard PF has particle degeneracy phenomenon, which will make the accuracy of prediction lower. Therefore, in this paper, the genetic algorithm is applied to the standard PF, and the estimation of SOC is optimized, which makes the improved filter algorithm more accurate. Based on the measured data of Beijing pure electric sanitation vehicle, an experiment is defined to verify the algorithm. The experimental results show that the genetic particle filter (GPF) can increase the diversity of particles and has better prediction accuracy and timeliness than the PF.

A newly developed ejector refrigeration-rotary desiccant air-conditioning (ERRD A/C) system is proposed to recover ship waste heat as far as possible. Its configuration is built firstly, then its advantages are analyzed, after that, with the help of psychrometric chart, some important parameters such as power consumption, steam consumption and COP of ERRD A/C system are calculated theoretically under design conditions of a real marine A/C, and comparative analysis with conventional A/C is deployed. The results show that the power consumption of ERRD A/C system is only 32.87% of conventional A/C, which meant that ERRD A/C system has potential to make full use of ship waste heat to realize energy saving and environmental protection when using green refrigerant such as water.

Based on the traction angle and transportation rate equation, castor beans were pressed by application of single screw under different cake diameter and different screw speed. The results showed that the greater the cake diameter and screw rotation speed, the greater the actual transmission rate was. The equivalent friction coefficient was defined and calculated as 0.4136, and the friction coefficients between press material and screw, bar cage were less than the equivalent friction coefficient value.

As the main body of power grid operation, county-level power supply enterprises undertake an important emission to guarantee the security of power grid operation and safeguard social power using order. The optimization of grid construction projects has been a key issue of power supply capacity and service level of grid enterprises. According to the actual situation of power grid construction project optimization of county-level power enterprises, on the basis of qualitative analysis of the projects, this paper builds a Bi-level programming model based on quantitative analysis. The upper layer of the model is the target restriction of the optimal portfolio; the lower layer of the model is enterprises' financial restrictions on the size of the enterprise project portfolio. Finally, using a real example to illustrate operation proceeding and the optimization result of the model. Through qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the bi-level programming model improves the accuracy and normative standardization of power grid enterprises projects.

In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of ampacity calculation and submarine cable's section selection, this article improved the shortage of IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) norms when calculating the ampacity of submarine cables, developed hierarchical principles and established accurate thermal circuit model of the various types of cables. This article realized accurate calculation of ampacity and achieved the ampacity calculation software module's design. Finally this article firstly developed a section selection software for submarine cables combined with the heat-stable calibration module. After verified the accuracy and effectiveness of software in the typical layout conditions, this software can provide good guidance for practical engineering.

The rhythmic gymnastics (RG) is a sport item with the direct aim of winning as well as a good ornamental value. The scientific selection by the rhythmic gymnasts is necessary for the success, and also the beginning for the scientific training of the gymnasts in their special training stage. According to RG characteristics and the physical characteristics of the gymnasts, also in combination with the investigations & interviews to the coaches who have years of training experience in RG, the experts & scholars on RG study & teaching in universities, and by referring to relevant documents, this paper established the quality indicator system in analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We summarized and selected several indicators obviously influencing the RG training and divided them into the three types of factors: physical factors, flexibility & strength factors, and speed & dexterity factors, according to which 12 specific indicators, their weights and comprehensive evaluation coefficients. Based on these indicators, we established the quality indicator system of the gymnasts, and developed corresponding software system, providing scientific theoretical basis & practical application basis for the selection & evaluation of the gymnasts.

The implementation of demand side response can bring a lot of benefits to the power system, users and society, but there are still many problems in the actual operation. Firstly, this paper analyses the current situation and problems of demand side response. On this basis, this paper analyses the advantages of implementing demand side response in the energy Internet demonstration park. Finally, the paper designs three kinds of feasible demand side response modes in the energy Internet demonstration park.

The interactive environment design of smart city is not just an interactive progress or interactive mode design, rather than generate an environment such as the "organic" life entity as human beings through interactive design, forming a smart environment with perception, memory, thinking, and reaction.

Under the concept of intelligent earth development, smart products should be born.Smart product building is not the technology of traditional products,but high-tech products to give perception, memory, thinking, reflecting a series of intellectual ability.Its design thinking is more systematic, more macroscopic, more stereo.Smart product design challenges the wisdom of mankind.

With the rapid development of science and technology, Internet-based the Internet of things was born and achieved good results. In order to further build a complete Internet of things system, to achieve the design of the Internet of things, we need to constitute the object of the network structure of the indicators of comparative study, and on this basis, the Internet of things connected to the way and do more in-depth to achieve the unity of the object network architecture and implementation methods. This paper mainly analyzes the two types of Internet of Things system, and makes a brief comparative study of the important indicators, and then introduces the connection method and realization method of Internet of Things based on the concept of Internet of Things and architecture.

When encountering multiple and complicated models, multisource structured and unstructured data, complex requirements analysis, the platform design and integration of hydroinformatics systems become a challenge. To properly solve these problems, we describe a distributed software framework and it's continuous integration process in hydroinformatics systems. This distributed framework mainly consists of server cluster for models, distributed database, GIS (Geographic Information System) servers, master node and clients. Based on it, a GIS - based decision support system for joint regulating of water quantity and water quality of group lakes in Wuhan China is established.

Evacuation planning is an important activity in disaster management. It has to be planned in advance due to the unpredictable occurrence of disasters. It is necessary that the evacuation plans are as close as possible to the real evacuation work. However, the evacuation plan is extremely challenging because of the inherent uncertainty of the required information. There is a kind of vehicle routing problem based on the public traffic evacuation. In this paper, the demand for each evacuation set point is a fuzzy number, and each routing selection of the point is based on the fuzzy credibility preference index. This paper proposes an approximate optimal solution for this problem by the genetic algorithm based on the fuzzy reliability theory. Finally, the algorithm is applied to an optimization model, and the experiment result shows that the algorithm is effective.

To promote the construction of ecological civilization and the process of urbanization in China, in 2013, the government propose to build an innovative rainwater system, which is characterized by nature accumulation, natural penetration and natural purification——low impact development of rainwater. This article Summarizes the research status of sponge city. It can be help the sponge city to become intelli-gent and modular creatively by adding the intelligent concept of "internet+" and the modular concept into the sponge city. This article first introduces the "internet+" concept of sponge city, and then discussed the application of the "internet+" and modular concept in sponge city from the three stage of construction, management and performance evaluation, in order to provide some reference and revelation for the development of modular of "internet+" sponge city.

Xuan city + 1100 kv search for converter station in Anhui province, in the process of foundation treatment, there is a cloth with a large number of lacustrine soft soil can not reach the need of engineering construction, so we want to cure the soft soil. By combining ratio of blast furnace slag (GGBS), gypsum, exciting agent CaO as a main curing agent for combination of reinforcing soft soil, the indoor unconfined compressive strength test, the influence factors on blast furnace slag, exciting agent and dosage of gypsum as impact factors, response value is 7 d and 28 d unconfined compressive strength of solidified soil, the experimental method is the Box - Behnken. The results show that the 7 d gypsum and the interaction of the blast furnace slag is obvious; 28 d exciting agent and gypsum interaction is obvious. By the analysis plaster, CaO, GGBSIn 7 d optimal proportion is 3.71%, 3.62%, 12.18%, the actual strength of the solidified soil age 1479.33 kPa; 28 d optimal proportion was 4.08%, 4.50%, 11.6%, the actual strength of the solidified soil age 2936.78 kPa. In the soil and the water curing effect of GGBS solidified soil, thereby GGBS this is a kind of new solidification material that can be used as the engineering foundation treatment of soft soil stabilizer has a certain value.

High nonlinearity is a typical characteristic associated with data assimilation systems. Additionally, iterative ensemble based methods have attracted a large amount of research attention, which has been focused on dealing with nonlinearity problems. To solve the local convergence problem of the iterative ensemble Kalman filter, a modified iterative ensemble Kalman filter algorithm was put forward, which was based on a global convergence strategy from the perspective of a Gauss-Newton iteration. Through self-adaption, the step factor was adjusted to enable every iteration to approach expected values during the process of the data assimilation. A sensitivity experiment was carried out in a low dimensional Lorenz-63 chaotic system, as well as a Lorenz-96 model. The new method was tested via ensemble size, observation variance, and inflation factor changes, along with other aspects. Meanwhile, comparative research was conducted with both a traditional ensemble Kalman filter and an iterative ensemble Kalman filter. The results showed that the modified iterative ensemble Kalman filter algorithm was a data assimilation method that was able to effectively estimate a strongly nonlinear system state.

Delay of flight has been regarded as one of the toughest difficulties in aviation control. How to establish an effective model to handle the delay prediction problem is a significant work. To solve the problem that the flight delay is difficult to predict, this study proposes a method to model the arriving flights and a multiple linear regression algorithm to predict delay, comparing with Naive-Bayes and C4.5 approach. Experiments based on a realistic dataset of domestic airports show that the accuracy of the proposed model approximates 80%, which is further improved than the Naive-Bayes and C4.5 approach approaches. The result testing shows that this method is convenient for calculation, and also can predict the flight delays effectively. It can provide decision basis for airport authorities.

An electric bamboo-dance mechanism was designed and developed to realize mechanism of automation and mechanization. For coherent and fluent motion, ANSYS finite element analysis was applied on movement interference. Static structural method was used for analyzing dynamic deflection and deformation of the slender rod, while modal analysis was applied on frequency analysis to avoid second deformation caused by resonance. Therefore, the deformation in vertical and horizontal direction was explored and reasonable optimization was taken to avoid interference.

In this paper we consider the problem of inverting an n×n RSFMLR circulant matrix with entries over Z_m. We present two different algorithms. Our algorithms require different degrees of knowledge of m and n, and their costs range, from n log n loglog n to n log²n loglog n log m operations over Z_m. Moreover, for each algorithm we give the cost in terms of bit operations. Finally, the extended algorithms is used to solve the problem of inverting RSFMLR circulant matrices over Z_m.

As one of the most popular research fields in machine learning, the research on imbalanced dataset receives more and more attentions in recent years. The imbalanced problem usually occurs in when minority classes have extremely fewer samples than the others. Traditional classification algorithms have not taken the distribution of dataset into consideration, thus they fail to deal with the problem of class-imbalanced learning, and the performance of classification tends to be dominated by the majority class. SMOTE is one of the most effective over-sampling methods processing this problem, which changes the distribution of training sets by increasing the size of minority class. However, SMOTE would easily result in over-fitting on account of too many repetitive data samples. According to this issue, this paper proposes an improved method based on sparse representation theory and over-sampling technique, named SROT (Sparse Representation-based Over-sampling Technique). The SROT uses a sparse dictionary to create synthetic samples directly for solving the imbalanced problem. The experiments are performed on 10 UCI datasets using C4.5 as the learning algorithm. The experimental results show that compared our algorithm with Random Over-sampling techniques, SMOTE and other methods, SROT can achieve better performance on AUC value.

Ecological restoration of degraded wetland ecosystem can be achieved by planning experts according to ground investigation, but with low efficiencies. We report that satellite sensors, maximizing ecosystem service values and minimizing ecological restoration cost improve ecological restoration efficiency. In particular, linear goal programming (LGP), an optimal programming, improves ecological restoration efficiency by more than 250% in the return on investment of ecological restoration, using TM satellite as area sensors. LGP also enables efficient introduction of optimal management into ecological restoration of degraded wetland ecosystem.

The interaction of water hyacinth area with growth is known to be strongly influenced by area size, but little is known about the interdependent role that size and time have on dynamic estimation of water hyacinth area. We report on the fusion of satellite and GPS sensor data into area growth model as a function of area and time. We employ a multi-sensor fusion technique that is able to generate uniform data of fitting area growth model with complete control of area and time. Evidence of an overall Goodness of Fit Index of 0.9753 was obtained by using conventional statistic analysis. These findings suggest that the multi-sensor fusion technique readily supports area growth model development with highly resolution. The differential equation is good at describing the spatial spread of water hyacinth. Moreover, it was found that area growth model enjoy an appreciable advantage when it comes to harvesting water hyacinth.

Elevator, as a complex mechanical system, is hard to determine the factors that affect components' status. In accordance with this special characteristic, the Elevator Fault Diagnosis Model is proposed based on Bayesian Network in this paper. The method uses different samples of the elevator and adopts Monte Carlo inference mechanism for Bayesian Network Model structure and parameter learning. Eventually, an elevator fault diagnosis model based on Bayesian network is established, which accords with the theory of elevator operation. In this paper, we use different kinds of fault data samples to test the method. Experimental results demonstrate the higher accuracy of our method. This paper provides a good assistant method by means of Fault prediction and Health diagnosis of elevator system at present.

Sub-pixel Motion estimation algorithm is a key technology in video coding inter-frame prediction algorithm, which has important influence on video coding performance. In the latest video coding standard H.265/HEVC, interpolation filters based on DCT are used to Sub-pixel motion estimation, but it has very high computation complexity. In order to ensure the real-time performance of hardware coding, we combine the characteristics of BWDSP architecture, using code level optimization techniques to realize the sub-pixel motion estimation algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that In the BWDSP simulation environment, the proposed method significantly decreases the running clock cycle and thus improves the performance of the encoder.

Carpool and vanpool draw a lot of researchers' attention, which is the emphasis of this paper. A concrete vanpool operation definition is given, based on the given definition, this paper tackles vanpool operation optimization using user experience decline index(UEDI). This paper is focused on making each user having identical UEDI and the system having minimum sum of all users' UEDI. Three contributions are made, the first contribution is a vanpool operation scheme diagram, each component of the scheme is explained in detail. The second contribution is getting all customer's UEDI as a set, standard deviation and sum of all users' UEDI set are used as objectives in multiple objective optimization to decide trip start address, trip start time and trip destination address. The third contribution is a trip planning algorithm, which tries to minimize the sum of all users' UEDI. Geographical distribution of the charging stations and utilization rate of the charging stations are considered in the trip planning process.

With the use of cloud storage services, one of the concerns is how to protect sensitive data securely and privately. While users enjoy the convenience of data storage provided by semi-trusted cloud storage providers, they are confronted with all kinds of risks at the same time. In this paper, we present SSeCloud, a secure cloud storage system that improves security and usability by applying secret sharing scheme to secure keys. The system encrypts uploading files on the client side and splits encrypted keys into three shares. Each of them is respectively stored by users, cloud storage providers and the alternative third trusted party. Any two of the parties can reconstruct keys. Evaluation results of prototype system show that SSeCloud provides high security without too much performance penalty.

In the modern life, people spend most of their time indoors. However, indoor environmental quality problems have always been affecting people's social activities. In general, indoor environmental quality is also related to our indoor activities. Since most of the organic irritants and volatile gases are colorless, odorless and too tiny to be seen, because we have been unconsciously overlooked indoor environment quality. Consequently, our body suffer a great health problem. In this work, we propose Air-Sense system which utilizes the platform of ZigBee Network to collect and detect the real-time indoor environment quality. What's more, Air-Sense system can also provide data analysis, and visualizing the results of the indoor environment to the user.

With the development of micro-mechanical inertial technology, how to suppress the MEMS gyro's random drift increasingly become a hot topic. In order to filter a certain type of MEMS gyro's random drift, this paper introduces the regularized particle filter algorithm. The derivation of the algorithm and its application in MEMS gyro's filtering process are described in detail in this paper: First, acquiring MEMS gyro's static drift data and conducting data pre-treatment; then establishing the AR model by using time series analysis method, and transforming it into the corresponding state space model; finally, executing the estimation and compensation for MEMS gyro's random drift with regular particle filter algorithm, and comparing it with other common methods in engineering. Tests and simulation results show that the regularized particle filter algorithm could achieve a good effect on the suppression of MEMS gyro's random drift, it has a higher practical application value.

This paper uses Fourier's triple integral transform method to simplify the calculation of the non-homogeneous wave equations of the time-varying electromagnetic field. By adding several special definite conditions to the wave equation, it becomes a mathematical problem of definite condition. Then by using Fourier's triple integral transform method, this three-dimension non-homogeneous partial differential wave equation is changed into an ordinary differential equation. Through the solution to this ordinary differential equation, the expression of the relationship between the time-varying scalar potential and electromagnetic wave excitation source is developed precisely. This method simplifies the solving process effectively.

Coloring is a fundamental problem in scientific computation and engineering design. In recent years, a variety of colorings frequently appeared and solved many problems in production. For example, adjacent-vertex-distinguishing proper total coloring, adjacent-vertex-distinguishing proper edge coloring, smarandachely-adjacent-vertex-distinguishing proper edge coloring. It is an important also difficult problem to discuss the coloring numbers of a given graph class. And we focus on the adjacent-vertex-distinguishing proper total coloring numbers in this paper. We study the adjacent-vertex-distinguishing proper total coloring numbers of joint graphs ${\bar{K}}_{m}\vee {P}_{n}.$

In order to improve the PC-based track detection system, this paper proposes a method to detect linear track for underground locomotive based on DSP + FPGA. Firstly, the analog signal outputted from the camera is sampled by A / D chip. Then the collected digital signal is preprocessed by FPGA. Secondly, the output signal of FPGA is transmitted to DSP via EMIF port. Subsequently, the adaptive threshold edge detection, polar angle and radius constrain based Hough transform are implemented by DSP. Lastly, the detected track information is transmitted to host computer through Ethernet interface. The experimental results show that the system can not only meet the requirements of real-time detection, but also has good robustness.

A method measuring the depth of liquid surface of oil well based on the resonance principle of air column is proposed in this paper. In the method, air resonance in casing pipe is inspired by sending white noise to oil well continuously, and then dynamic liquid level of oil well can be calculated by analysing frequency spectrum of the experimental resonance signal. Aiming at the problem that the resonance signal contains a lot of white noise, firstly, convolution window function with stronger filtering characteristics is used to improve the signal to noise ratio; then the method of Welch multi segment average power spectrum is used to eliminate noise interference further in frequency domain; finally, the real resonance frequency is measured on the base of the smooth and clear Welch power spectrum, and the depth of the oil well can be estimated effectively. The experimental results show that the above signal processing method can greatly improve the accuracy of measuring the dynamic liquid level depth.