Table of contents

All-Russian research-to-practice conference for young researchers, postgraduate students and undergraduates "Ecology and safety in the technosphere: current problems and solutions" will make a contribution to the rethinking of the relationship between man and nature in today's world, to finding the best ways to overcome the negative effects of the environmental crisis and to solve security issues.

The conference aims at discussing research development and introducing innovations in the field of environmental and technosphere safety; searching for collaborative research areas and strengthening cooperation between young researchers and professionals from educational and scientific institutions in Russia; creating a platform for creative communication and exchange of experiences between young researchers and professionals in the issues of environmental and technosphere safety. It will also focus on intellectual and creative development of young researchers and specialists; demonstrating the best achievements of young researchers and professionals in scientific and technological activities; acquisition scientific debate and public speaking skills by young researchers; increasing the prestige of education, research and innovative activity in the field of environmental and technosphere safety; systematization of scientific data on the topical issues of ecological and technosphere safety, developing evidence-based approaches to their solution.

The results of the conference for young researchers, postgraduate students and undergraduates can be applied in making improvements in the curricula of students in the field of technosphere security; developing measures for the organization of schools for young researchers; presenting the research results for further discussion with colleagues and leading scientists in the priority areas; issuing new monographs, textbooks, laboratory exercises, lecture notes.

The Organizing Committee of the Conference thank all the participants of the Conference for their fruitful work and personal contribution to the development of these Conference Proceedings.

Dmitry A. Chinakhov, PhD,

Conference Convenor,

Vice-Chancellor, Yurga Institute of Technology of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Special technological methods allowing to reduce the probability of stratifications spreading for the cut-off blank when applying environmentally friendly AWJ technology are developed by the authors of the article. As a result the quality of the item improves, its cost value decreases.

In previous studies, experiments were carried out on the small-size models of cyclonic units, but now there completed the semi-industrial pilot plant ≪Cyclone≫, which would allow comparative testing of real samples of different shaped centrifugal dust-collectors and compare their efficiency. This original research plant is patented by authors. The aim of the study is to improve efficiency of exhaust gases collecting process, by creating improved designs of centrifugal dust collectors, providing for the possibility of regulation constructive parameters depending on the properties and characteristics of air-fuel field. The objectives of the study include identifying and studying the cyclonic apparatus association constructive parameters with their aerodynamic characteristics and dust-collecting efficiency. The article is very relevant, especially for future practical application of its results in dust removal technology.

The stable development of the European countries depends on a reliable and efficient operation of the gas transportation system (GTS). With high reliability of GTS it is necessary to ensure its industrial and environmental safety. In this article the major factors influencing on an industrial and ecological safety of GTS are analyzed, sources of GTS safety decreasing is revealed, measures for providing safety are proposed. The article shows that use of gas-turbine engines of gas-compressor units (GCU) results in the following phenomena: emissions of harmful substances in the atmosphere; pollution by toxic waste; harmful noise and vibration; thermal impact on environment; decrease in energy efficiency. It is shown that for the radical problem resolution of an industrial and ecological safety of gas-transmission system it is reasonable to use gas-compressor units driven by electric motors. Their advantages are shown. Perspective technologies of these units and experience of their use in Europe and the USA are given in this article.

This article is devoted to increasing the use of natural gas on the basis of an efficient territorial and quantitative location of natural gas refuelling stations (NGV RS). The key factors which can affect it are offered. On the basis of the chosen factors on the example of Tyumen the option of a territorial location of 4 NGV RS capable to satisfy the demand for natural gas by motor transport in the short term is considered. Increased use of natural gas (NG) on motor transport allows to reduce the negative impact on the environment from harmful substances emitted with exhaust gases.

The paper is dedicated to a problem of environmental pollution by emissions of hazardous substances with the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. It is found that application of water-fuel emulsions yields the best results in diesels where production of a qualitative carburetion is the main problem for the organization of working process. During pilot studies the composition of a water-fuel emulsion with the patent held is developed. The developed composition of a water-fuel emulsion provides its stability within 14-18 months depending on mass content of components in it while stability of emulsions' analogues makes 8-12 months. The mode of operation of pilot unit is described. Methodology and results of pilot study of operation of diesel engine on a water-fuel emulsion are presented. Cutting time of droplet combustion of a water-fuel emulsion improves combustion efficiency and reduces carbon deposition (varnish) on working surfaces. Partial dismantling of the engine after its operating time during 60 engine hours has shown that there is a removal of a carbon deposition in cylinder-piston group which can be observed visually. It is found that for steady operation of the diesel and ensuring decrease in level of emission of hazardous substances the water-fuel emulsion with water concentration of 18-20% is optimal.

The paper presents the analysis of the geographical location of the Murmansk region and possibilities of using different renewable energy sources. Present the results of the analysis of using and practicality wind power to wind turbines to generate electricity. The paper presents of average annual consumption of electricity settlements in the Murmansk region, options for replacing the use of diesel fuel by wind energy and recommendations for possible areas of utilization of wind energy.

The article describes the experimental research of cement stone. Cement stone forming involves highly dispersive mineral additive – ground ash. It is stated that the substitution of some part of cement with activated ash leaves cement strength high. This is possible due to the activity of ash in structure forming processes. Activation of ash provides the increase in its puzzolanic activity, complete hydration processes. it is stated that ash grinding leads to a selective crystallization hydrated neoformations. Their morthology is different on outer and inner surfaces of ash spheres. The usage of ash can provide cement economy on condition that rheological characteristics of concrete stay constant. Besides, the usage of ash will improve physical and mechanic characteristics of cement stone and concrete.

The paper deals with an option of increase the compressed natural gas use as a motor fuel for diesel minibuses to reduce emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases. In terms of the Russian company LTD "WTC Automobilist", carrying passengers and baggage on regular routes by minibuses, the calculation of the park's natural gas needs is promoted. A mini CNG RS with optimal performance is suggested. The approximate payback period of the natural gas equipment installation on all buses of company and introduction into service period of mini CNG RS are calculated.

At present, a significant amount of energy spent for the work of mining machines and coal mining equipment on coal mines and open pits goes to the coal grinding in the process of its extraction in mining faces. Meanwhile, the increase of small fractions in mined coal does not only reduce the profitability of its production, but also causes a further negative impact on the environment and degrades labor conditions for miners. The countermeasure to the specified processes is possible with the help of coal mining equipment development. However, against the background of the technological decrease of coal mine equipment applied in Russia the negative impact on the environment is getting reinforced.

Surface mining and open pits engineering affect the environment in a very negative way. Among other pollutions that open pits make during mineral deposits exploiting, particular problem is the landscape changing. Along with converting the land into pits, surface mining is connected with pilling dumps that occupy large ground. The article describes an analysis of transportless methods of several coal seams strata surface mining, applied for open pits of South Kuzbass coal enterprises (Western Siberia, Russia). To improve land-use management of open pit mining enterprises, the characteristics of transportless technological schemes for several coal seams strata surface mining are highlighted and observed. These characteristics help to systematize transportless open mining technologies using common criteria that characterize structure of the bottom part of a strata and internal dumping schemes. The schemes of transportless systems of coal strata surface mining implemented in South Kuzbass are given.

The development of science and technology in the XXI century is on the way of the extensive use of natural resources. As a result, the scientific and technical progress does not initiate the reduction of environmental damage but encourages its cumulative growth. So the environmental problems have become a serious threat to social wellbeing of all mankind. The development of the core technologies doesn't allow creating the situation in which the new knowledge would generate positive changes in the environment. Therefore, among the issues that define the future of advanced environmental technologies, and potentially significant for the understanding of the humanities, there is the phenomenon of technological convergence and, in particular, the predicted convergence of the nano-, bio-, information and cognitive technologies (NBIC). The consequence of NBIC-convergence may be the transformation of the humanity into a single global mind, which can be linked into a solid set of technologies, establishing united standards for social wellbeing and environmental technologies.

Existing classifications of waste dumps in the quarries are given and their phenomenological nature is clarified. The need to identify the essence of the term "dump" is shown as well as the idea of "dump" as an artificial formation with everted and mixed rocks distanced from the quarry. Essential classification of man-made rock formations in quarries is developed. Characteristic of variations of man-made waste formations in quarries is developed. To reduce harmful effects of open-pit mining, dumps should be substituted with strat-lays - man-made structures relevant to natural stratification of litho-substances. Construction of strat-lays would improve ecological and technological culture of open cast mining.

Article is devoted the decision of basing holes machining accuracy problems of automatically replaceable cubical units (carriers) for reconfigurable manufacturing systems with low-waste production (RMS). Results of automatically replaceable units basing holes machining modeling on the basis of the dimensional chains analysis are presented. Influence of machining parameters processing on accuracy spacings on centers between basing apertures is shown. The mathematical model of carriers basing holes machining accuracy is offered.

The article deals the problem of creating of integrated security systems from the effects of hazardous and harmful factors of woodworking machinery on the design stage. Proposed the machine device design, which provides noise-dust protection of the operator fulfill the criterion of maximum permissible levels of noise and dust concentrations.

Foreign and domestic experience in development of dry processing technologies are considered. The results of the introduction of dry processing technologies (cutting, boring, milling, drilling) on the industrial companies in Germany are given. The negative impact on the environment and human health is shown. The possible ways of leakage of lubricoolant components in the atmosphere and soil are considered. Lubricoolants are considered as a required permanent component. Three main tasks for lubricoolant: cooling, lubricating and chip disposal are discribed.

The purpose of this article is to present study of polytropic exponent as rating of thermodynamic process in internal combustion motor operating to deep throttling in a subcase of idle running. It is necessary to consider the influence of hydrocarbon part in exhaust gases in a process of development a new internal combustion engines especially on deep throttling operation: on combustion procedure, on irregularity of exhaust gases composition.

In the work the author solves an important applied problem of increasing of safety of engineering procedures and production using technologies of monitoring of a condition of employees. The author offers a work algorithm, structural and basic electric schemes of system of collection of data of employee's condition of the enterprise and some parameters of the surrounding environment. In the article the author offers an approach to increasing of efficiency of acceptance of management decisions at the enterprise at the expense of the prompt analysis of information about employee's condition and productivity of his work and also about various parameters influencing these factors.

This paper describes the algorithm research level of exposure to dust emissions, the organization and layout of the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise of building production on the basis of statistical data on emissions share in Russia in the Rostov region, the issues of the impact of harmful substances on the human body and developed measures to reduce air emissions.

A possibility of quality improvement of stabilization of rotation frequency of the gas-diesels used as prime mover of generator set in the multigenerator units working for abruptly variable load of large power is considered. An evaluation is made on condition of fuzzy controller use developed and described by the authors in a number of articles. An evaluation has shown that theoretically, the revolution range of gas-diesel engine may be reduced at 25-30 times at optimal settings of the controller in all the power range. The results of modeling showing a considerable quality improvement of transient processes in the investigated system at a sharp change of loading are presented in this article.

This article focuses on the application of methods biondisation different types of urban green areas to assess the quality of urban environment from the standpoint of compatibility biosphere concept. To assess urban environmental quality, we used a variety of areas of the city of Orel with different levels of human impact.

The reader will achieve a benchmark understanding of the essence of cleaning for the removal of contaminants from machine elements by means of cryo jet\ water-ice jet with particles prepared beforehand. This paper represents the classification of the most common contaminants appearing on the surfaces of machine elements after a long-term service. The conceptual contribution of the paper is to represent a thermo-physical model of contaminant removal by means of a water ice jet. In conclusion, it is evident that this study has shown the dependencies between the friction force of an ice particle with an obstacle (contamination), a dimensional change of an ice particle in the cleaning process and the quantity of heat transmitted to an ice particle.

Among the problems common to all mankind, which solutions influence the prospects of civilization, the problem of ecological situation monitoring takes very important place. Solution of this problem requires specific methodology based on eco-analytical comprehension of global issues. Eco-analytical methodology should help searching for the optimum balance between environmental problems and accelerating scientific and technical progress. The fact that Governments, corporations, scientists and nations focus on the production and consumption of material goods cause great damage to environment. As a result, the activity of environmentalists is developing quite spontaneously, as a complement to productive activities. Therefore, the challenge posed by the environmental problems for the science is the formation of geo-analytical reasoning and the monitoring of global problems common for the whole humanity. So it is expected to find the optimal trajectory of industrial development to prevent irreversible problems in the biosphere that could stop progress of civilization.

The progress in technologies is developing towards the unlimited growth of production and consumption, wasteful use of natural resources and biosphere. These problems require adequate response such as international cooperation and integration of the efforts of authorities, scientists, representatives of educational system. Such cooperation is important to ensure the transition to the sustainable, ecologically-oriented practices of natural resources rational use. This is impossible without establishing a new environmental management system based upon formation of ecological competence of all scientific and technological progress participants among which the higher school scholars must play a leading role.

By the end of the 1950s, the German coal mining industry produced 150 million tons of hard coal per year in 170 collieries with 600,000 employees. At that time, 70% of the primary energy demand of the Federal Republic of Germany was covered by domestic coal. Since the advance of oil, later of natural gas, in the world energy market and with the growth of world coal trade, domestic coal stood under a long-term restructuring pressure. This decision required a new strategy for the coal mining industry. Now German coal mining will be strictly finalized and will be prepared for the post-mining era. Within a sustainability strategy the long-term impacts of mining activities before and after the mine closures concerning the environmental, economic and social dimensions will be analyzed systematically and forward-looking.

The most important issue of scientific and technological progress is considering the environment challenges of industrial development. It means that the progress must be ecologically oriented and environmentally friendly. The most adequate concept for the approach to the issue of "man - society – nature" relations is the ontology of the noosphere - the idea of a common space for human beings and nature. It presents an ideal example of an optimistic attitude towards the coordination between accelerating the scientific and technological development and natural resource saving. However, to maintain the balance between human needs and environmental processes determined by this concept, it is essential to include the lean production training into technological development of society.

It determines the presence of the decoupling effect in the Russians raw regions materials by using water. Developed models that explain the relationship between the gross regional product and water intake. It proved no effect on the growth of water consumption in most regions of the reference commodity. Recommendations for the decoupling effect development in support of Russians raw regions.

The article presents an analysis of the ontological and methodological principles of environmental management. These principles form the united ideology of natural resource rational use as the environment preservation basis. Consideration of environmental issues from the environmental management point of view is stipulated by the concern of the scientific community about the existence of mankind and the sphere of its inhabiting. The need to overcome the stereotypes existing in mass consciousness about safe and environmentally friendly consumption is stressed. The process of forming environmental management policy should contribute to the stabilization (balancing) of the consumers' expectations and collective decision-making based on a public ecological consensus.

This article is devoted to the experimental identification of the copper ions (II) uptake by the remediation plant. Wheat and barley were used as plants for phytoremediation. They were cultivated in the aqueous culture on the Hellriegel nutritive medium prepared without phosphorus. The copper was dissolved in the medium in the concentration 0 mg/l (control variant), 0.5 mg/l, 1.0 mg/l, 2.5 mg/l, 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l, 20 mg/l. The concentrations of the copper were identified in solutions by the ion meter in 2 weeks of cultivation. The moving arrangement with a plant as a biological bed is elaborated for phytofiltration. That is a technology for decontamination and final treatment of the wastewater from pollutants using plants. Particularly it is possible to remove ions of heavy metals. The device will be inexpensive, simple and easy for exploitation at the enterprise. It is offered to complete standard rectangular settler by the mentioned device.

Web-enabled mobile phone enhancement has determined a sharp increase of mobile base station quantity, which has led to a surge of electromagnetic noise in metropolitan areas. Electromagnetic noise permanently influences adult and child population; the impossibility to remove this impact has promoted the electromagnetic monitoring. The most accessible form of socially oriented monitoring is a visualization of energy flux density for GSM base station antennae. Forecast calculation routines take antenna construction and location into an account; they also allow giving the recommendations on electromagnetic environment improvement basing on physical interpretation the obtained results.

The paper deals with the region's environmental-economic system management through a tool such as the environmental-socio-economic monitoring. The purpose of research – is analysis and development of theoretical assumptions of environmental-socio-economic monitoring system for the effective management of geographically distributed environmental-economic system. The main elements of environmental-socio-economic monitoring are identified, taking into account the characteristics of the studied area. The main result of the research is the development of multi-functional integrated monitoring system for the evaluation of the indicators "gross domestic product" and "gross national product", taking into account the influence of environmental factors. The results of the study conducted may be recommended to the regional and federal governments to support the effective, environment-friendly management decision-making consistent with the overall development concept.

The paper represents the results of the study of soil and agrochemical features of zonal soils: the grain-size composition, the content of humus, phosphorus and potassium, and heavy metals, the reaction of soil solution of the territory of the open-pit coal mine No12 of Kemerovo region in the areas of the working enterprise. The species composition of the lignose and herbaceous vegetation of the undisturbed territories has been studied. It has been revealed that the fertile soil layer of the studied areas of the open-pit coal mine is characterized as fertile but can't be removed and stored because the surface of the whole area under study is forest-covered very much, rumpled, there are gullies and a lot of wind-fallen trees.

The aim of the article is to substantiate the technical solution for the problem of monitoring corrosion changes in oil and gas pipelines with use (using) of an electromagnetic NDT method. Pipeline wall thinning under operating conditions can lead to perforations and leakage of the product to be transported outside the pipeline. In most cases there is danger for human life and environment. Monitoring of corrosion changes in pipeline inner wall under operating conditions is complicated because pipelines are mainly made of structural steels with conductive and magnetic properties that complicate test signal passage through the entire thickness of the object under study. The technical solution of this problem lies in monitoring of the internal corrosion changes in pipes under operating conditions in order to increase safety of pipelines by automated prediction of achieving the threshold pre-crash values due to corrosion.

The paper presents the analysis of the introduction experience and dynamics development of the world wind energy production. Calculated the amount of wind energy sources investments and the production capacity growth dynamics of the wind turbines. The studies have shown that the introduction dynamics of new wind energy sources is higher than any other energy source.

The paper presents data the analysis of the development dynamics and structural balance of solar energy in the world. In the article presents information about total installed production capacity of solar energy, the world solar energy production capacity distribution and the European Union energy market structure in 2000 and 2015 years.

The development of open pit mining in the large coal basins of Russia and other countries increases their negative impact on the environment. Along with the damage of land and air pollution by dust and combustion gases of blasting, coal pits have a significant negative impact on water resources. Polluted quarry water worsens the ecological situation on a much larger area than covered by air pollution and land damage. This significantly worsens the conditions of people living in cities and towns located near the coal pits, and complicates the subsequent restoration of the environment, irreversibly destroying the nature. Therefore, the research of quarry wastewater purifying is becoming an important mater for scholars of technical colleges and universities in the regions with developing open-pit mining. This paper describes the method of determining the basic parameters of the artificial filtering arrays formed on coal pits of Kuzbass (Western Siberia, Russia), and gives recommendations on its application.

The goal of the paper is to present the heuristic model of the composite environmental quality index based on the integrated application of the elements of utility theory, multidimensional scaling, expert evaluation and decision-making. The composite index is synthesized in linear-quadratic form, it provides higher adequacy of the results of the assessment preferences of experts and decision-makers.

The article deals with the issue of environmental and economic assessment of natural and recreational potential of Kuzbass. The purpose of the research is to study the trends in the development of the regional recreational potential, as well as to develop the methodological bases for creation of resort and recreational areas to improve the health of the population and increase the investment appeal of Kemerovo region. The constraints to improve the investment, environmental and economic performance of regional resorts are identified. The main result of the research is the development of the project to improve the stability of the socio-economic system of the region, on the basis of the mitigation of environmental and economic risks and the systematic development of recreational infrastructure. The practical significance of the study consists of the recommendations for regional and federal authorities concerning the development of socio-economic plans and forecasts, including the provision of a rationale for the status of priority development territories.

The article deals with the issues of environmental and economic analysis of industrial and economic activities of an enterprise to assess the generation, flow and efficiency of production and consumption waste. The purpose of research is the analysis and the development of theoretical propositions for the functioning of the system of environmental and economic indicators for the effective management of production and consumption waste in the enterprise. The analysis of the existing systems of environmental and economic indicators taking into consideration the industry characteristics and the types of negative impacts is carried out. The main result of the study is the development of the system of environmental and economic indicators of production and consumption waste, adapted to the modern requirements. The results of the study can be recommended to support the effective management decision-making concerning waste management and the establishment of appropriate infrastructure.

The system: water supply source – potable and industrial water – wastewater – sewage treatment – water supply source is necessary for water supply and efficient utilization of water resources. Up-to-date technologies of waste water biological treatment require for special microorganisms, which are technologically complex and expensive but unable to solve all the problems. Application of photolytic and catalytically-oxidizing destruction is quite promising. However, the most reagents are strong oxidizers in catalytic oxidation of organic substances and can initiate toxic substance generation. Methodic and scientific approaches to assess bread making industry influence on the environment have been developed in this paper in order to support forecasting and taking technological decisions concerning reduction of this influence. Destructive methods have been tested: ultra violet irradiation and catalytic oxidation for extraction of organic compounds from waste water by natural reagents.

Design of heat-shielding clothes for subnormal climate still remains one of the unsolved problems of complex security. The solution is connected with the use of the self-organizing textile materials. Reasoning of textile package optimal selection requires the development of a comprehensive approach combining theoretical and experimental researches.

The paper presents to analyze the changes of the NGL product pipe safety in the process of operation. In the article the analysis and to mathematically calculated the margin of safety and durability according to change thickness of pipeline. The study of analysis the accident conditions risks during the pipeline operation have shown that such measure as the pipe wall thickness increase is appropriate. The proposed conditions on the application of the obtained results.

The paper presents analyses the pollution and the spills distribution and presents the results of the experiment on the use of the oil spill elimination means with the foam concrete application. The studies have shown that in the medium term the pipeline transportation accidents, the number of spills and the environmental pollution increase is expected. In addition, studies have shown that the application of the foam concrete with a D 600 density is considered to be the most effective way of the oil spill elimination.

The paper deals with the actual problem of increasing the safety of operation of belt conveyors in mines. Was developed the control algorithm that meets the technical requirements of the mine belt conveyors, reduces the risk of fires of conveyors belt, and enables energy and resource savings taking into account random sort of traffic. The most effective method of decision such tasks is the construction of control systems with the use of variable speed drives for asynchronous motors. Was designed the mathematical model of the system "variable speed multiengine drive – conveyor – control system of conveyors", that takes into account the dynamic processes occurring in the elements of the transport system, provides an assessment of the energy efficiency of application the developed algorithms, which allows to reduce the dynamic overload in the belt to (15-20)%.

An important direction in the development of the shockproof devices for occupations associated with an increased risk of injury is reducing their overall size with the preservation the ability of energy absorption. The fixture protection of large joints, with the brace in the coils of an elastic-plastic material with shape memory effect, can effectively protect people from injury and can be used in the domain of occupational safety to reduce injuries by shocks or jolts. In innovative anti-shock device as elastic-plastic material applied equiatomic Titanium-Nickel alloy which has acceptable temperature phase transitions that is necessary to restore shape. As an experienced model first approximation was adopted shockproof device, having in its composition a bandage in coils of elastic-plastic material with shape memory effect and with electric contacts at the ends. This solution allows the punches to plastically deform with the absorption of the impact energy, and then recover the original shape, including at the expense of electric heating.

The analysis of fire developmental process is given, which showed that there are seven stages of fire development, a set of phenomena (factors, signs) of fire risk condition, characterized by a set of defined parameters, corresponds to each stage. Observed that the registration of high staging factors (high ambient temperature, content of CO₂, etc.) means the registration of actual low staging fire (thermal destruction of materials gases, fumes, etc.) - fire risk situation. It is shown that the decrease of registered factor staging leads to construction of fire preventive and diagnostic systems as the lower is registered stage, the more uncertain is connection between the fact of its detection and a fire. It is indicated that with development of electronic equipment the staging of fire situations factors used for detection is reducing in whole, and also it is noted that for each control object it is necessary to choose (identify) the optimal factor, in particular, in many ways the optimal factor for aircrafts are smokes and their TV image.

The nature and causes of soil subsidence in the areas of liquidated mining and chemical companies of the Carpathians are analyzed. Based on calculation results, was obtained dependences of salts concentration in the liquid, and the specific content of salt through the thickness of soil over time in cases of the dispersed and film salinity.

The article presents the results of experimental studies showing that the use of an inverter power supply instead of a diode rectifier provides:: fine-droplet electrode metal transfer which reduces generation time by 46% and transfer time by 28%; transfer of alloying elements from welding materials into the weld metal which reduces its loss from the welding line by 6% and the heat affected area by 3%; reducing the emission rate of welding fumes and their components by 23%; reducing specific emission of welding fumes and their components by 23%.

The article describes an experimental research as a result of which SiO₂ – Bi₂O₃ films have been synthesized of film-forming solutions based on tetraethoxysilane and bismuth nitrate (III). Acid-base properties of a glass substrate and SiO₂ – Bi₂O₃ films obtained on it have been studied. The dependency of physical and chemical properties of SiO₂ – Bi₂O₃ composites on their percentage composition have been revealed.

The paper reviews the role of object-oriented programming when developing software in geology and geophysics. Main stages have been identified at which it is worthwhile to apply principles of object-oriented programming when developing software in geology and geophysics. The research was based on a number of problems solved in Geology and Petroleum Production Institute. Distinctive features of these problems are given and areas of application of the object-oriented approach are identified. Developing applications in the sphere of geology and geophysics has shown that the process of creating such products is simplified due to the use of object-oriented programming, firstly when designing structures for data storage and graphical user interfaces.

Air pollution with harmful substances resulting from combustion of liquid hydrocarbons and emitted into atmosphere became one of the global environmental problems in the late 20th century. The systems of neutralization capable to reduce toxicity of exhaust gases several times are very important for making environmentally safer combustion products discharged into the atmosphere. As revealed in the literature review, one of the most promising purification procedures is neutralization of burnt gases by catalyst converter systems. The principal working element in the converter is a catalytic layer of metals deposited on ceramics, with thickness 20-60 micron and a well-developed micro-relief. The paper presents a thoroughly substantiated new procedure of deposing a nano-scale surface layer of metal-catalyst particles, furthering the utilization of catalysts on a new level. The paper provides description of mathematical models and computational researches into plasma fluxes under high-frequency impulse input delivered to electrode material, explorations of developing Kelvin-Helmholtz, Marangoni and magnetic hydrodynamic instabilities on the surface of liquid electrode metal droplet in the nano-scale range of wavelengths to obtain a flow of nano-meter particles of cathode material. The authors have outlined a physical and mathematical model of magnetic and hydrodynamic instability for the case of melt flowing on the boundary with the molten metal with the purpose to predict the interphase shape and mutual effect of formed plasma jet and liquid metal droplet on the electrode in the nano-scale range of wavelengths at high-frequency impact on the boundary "electrode-liquid layer".

The chemical composition, structure and microhardness of detonation coatings based on mechanically activated mixture of basalt powder and NiAl have been studied. It has been shown that the application of mechanomixture by detonation method results in the formation of composite coating similar to the composition of starting mixture. It has high microhardness and temperature resistance that will increase the wear resistance of parts coated with basalt at elevated temperatures.

The materials of complex research of operational properties of a new brand cast iron CHMN-35M. Optimal chemical composition was determined. The obtained results allow to conclude about possibility of its use for the manufacture of critical parts of rolling stock of railway transport, in particular of a side bearing cap

The paper states a problem of providing quality of geometrical characteristics of machined surfaces, which makes it necessary to forecast the occurrence and amount of oscillations appearing in the course of mechanical treatment. Objectives and tasks of the research are formulated. Sources of oscillation onset are defined: these are coordinate connections and nonlinear dependence of cutting force on the cutting velocity. A mathematical model of forecasting steady-state self-oscillations is investigated. The equation of the cutter tip motion is a system of two second-order nonlinear differential equations. The paper shows an algorithm describing a harmonic linearization method which allows for a significant reduction of the calculation time. In order to do that it is necessary to determine the amplitude of oscillations, frequency and a steady component of the first harmonic. Software which allows obtaining data on surface waviness parameters is described. The paper studies an example of the use of the developed model in semi-finished lathe machining of the shaft made from steel 40H which is a part of the BelAZ wheel electric actuator unit. Recommendations on eliminating self-oscillations in the process of shaft cutting and defect correction of the surface waviness are given.