Table of contents

FOREWORD

The world's awareness of sustainable landscape development has been proclaimed by the United Nations (UN) as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly at Goal 11^th: to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable (source: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg11). The process to achieve entire SDGs have to involve communities for implementing a sustainable landscape for living. The Indonesian government is also accomplishing those SDGs by a working plan: nawacita. The nawacita is required to be bridged and facilitated by the community which can be obtained by scientific activities such as a symposium. The 3^rd International Symposium for Sustainable Landscape Development (The 3^rd ISSLD) is a continuation of the annual symposium. The sustainability of this activity is very important to enhance the nawacita. The topic for this annual symposium has been adapted to specific conditions for each year.

The 3^rd ISSLD was held on November 14-15, 2017 at the IPB International Convention Centre (IICC), Bogor, Indonesia. The 3^rd ISSLD is jointly organized by the Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agriculture University (IPB), and the Directorate of Research and Innovation IPB (DRI IPB). This symposium produced 43 articles which are published in this issue of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES). Those articles came from subtopics including mitigation (9 articles), sustainability (22 articles), and resilience (12 articles). The authors came from various countries and institutions, as well as professional and academicians. More than 200 participants from five countries joined the symposium, such as Japan, Netherland, Malaysia, China, Korea, Philippines, and others.

List of Committees, Conference Photos and Sponsors are available in this Pdf.

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The microclimate extreme amplitudes decrease plant survival chance in the field. In order to find out the impact of microclimatesto plants survivorship, an action research was conducted in Cibodas Botanical Garden by inventoried microclimate data series of temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind velocity, air pressure, and solar radiation, from 2012 to 2016, and thecorrelation to plants loss of the garden. The study hasalso conducted the analysis of the dynamics of space amenity. Space amenity was assumed comparable with temperature-humidity index (THI) value. The quality of space amenity was measured bythe correlation between THItothe number of tourists. The results indicated that an increase in plants loss caused by an extreme microclimate, especially heavy rainfall that occurred in early and end of the year, along with the decrease of the visits. Total plants loss were 790 specimens and the lost which occurred at early-end of the years contributed 64.2% of total lost, bigger than the middle of the year.Despite THInever exceeded comfort value (< 26), still occurred decreased of the visits.Therefore, to minimize the impact of uncertain future microclimate conditions, operators should give better plants management toanticipate the greater losses.

Koishikawa Korakuen is an Edo-period garden in Japan that was inspired by scenes typical of Chinese gardens. This study aimed to clarify how Chinese tourists evaluate the Chinese elements at Koishikawa Korakuen and compare landscape preferences. The preferred landscapes were determined and analyzed using visitor-employed photography, GPS, and questionnaires. Fifty-seven Chinese visitors were asked to take photos in the garden and select their 10 favourites from among them. GIS was used to identify the positions of the preferred photos. The results indicate that "Full-Moon Bridge" is the most Chinese-looking landscape at Koishikawa Korakuen; the second is the lotus pond. Moreover, spatial analysis was conducted by dividing the garden into six areas. Within these six areas, seven locations showed high levels of appreciation. This study's findings help to clarify the elements Chinese visitors prefer at Koishikawa Korakuen as well as the differences among Chinese and Japanese visitors regarding landscape preferences in Chinese-style gardens.

A botanical garden is an area consisted plants collection which has a high conservation value, maintained and managed as ex-situ principles. Other specific differences are systematically recorded of historical data of each plant and the dynamics, time over time. The study was purposed to build a valid plants database of Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) and the dynamics, and to manage the other related information, so these can be used widely for the public, and to efficiently of supervision for operators. The system was built by integrating MySQL^©, Mapserver^© and PHP^© software to manage three basic data: inventory of plants collection and the dynamics, geospatial information, and daily microclimates conditions. This integrated system was established as Sistem Informasi Data Tanaman or SINDATA^©. SINDATA^© has managed 8,309 of outdoor (from ground cover type up to large trees) and 2,932 of indoor (i.e. orchids, cactus, herbs and Nepenthes spp.) plants specimen database, a set geospatial information and interactive map of CBG and daily microclimates (i.e. temperature, humidity, rainfall, solar radiation, wind velocity, and air pressure) information. This system was expected to be a representative source and scientifically valid data to disseminate the information and knowledge references of CBG for conservation-research-education purposes.

Green infrastructure (GI) planning has developed as an important approach that aids the creation of functional, sustainable, and liveable cities. GI can play a role in climate change adaptation and mitigation through reducing air and surface temperature by providing shading and enhancing evapotranspiration. The aim of this study is to introduce a spatial analysis approach by identify priority areas thus GI can be strategically placedto improve local temperature regulation. We used a method to evaluate the local temperature regulation by green cover at land use unit level using information on land cover and LST, the mean of LST was calculated for each land use and land cover classes. LST map result shows that across the study area, LST values increased from the outskirts towards the centre of urban areas with surface ranging from 30°C to 42°C with average temperature 36.3°C. The results was shown that land use unit such as industrial, health buildings, offices, and tourism areas with built up areas land cover are become priority areas for GI planning. Awareness of this environmental issues is crucial as it can serve as a tool for cities to adapt and mitigate climate change to improve green infrastructure planning strategies.

An environment socioeconomic situation can affect drug abuse. Studies on the impact of socioeconomic vulnerability can be used in planning risk management policy on drug abuse that is more precise, effective, and efficient. This research aims to learn the impact of socioeconomic vulnerability (education level, unemployment rate, income level, gender ratio, poverty rate, and access to health service) on drug abuse prevalence and to identify the index of socio-economic vulnerability to drug abuse in each province in Indonesia, which can be used to analyze drug abuse risk. Methods used in this research are multiple linear regression statistical test and spatial analysis. The result show that F-Test sig<0.05 mean that socioeconomic factor simultaneously effect prevalence; the t-Test result shows only income level have sig <0,05 and there are 2 level of socioeconomic vulnerability index: high (9 provinces) and moderate (25 provinces), while the drug abuse risk level is in 3 level: high (5 province), moderate (9 province), and low (20 province). The conclusion is that socioeconomic factor (education, unemployment, income, gender ratio, poverty rate, and access to health service) are influence to the level of drug abuse prevalence in Indonesia, which the most significantly influence is income level.

Disaster risk perception of tourists become one of prominent things to be concerned as a parameter to drive tourist willingness to visit, especially for a destination with high proneness natural hazard. Since the Middle Eastern tourist become one of the potential international tourists in many country, their perceived risk is also very important. This research aims to analyse Middle Eastern tourist's perception on safety and attractiveness of natural destination in Indonesia. According to a set of questionnaires on risk perception, most of the respondents said that Indonesia has low criterion as a prone disaster destination. However even though they do not recognize the mitigation system and safety procedure in case of the disaster occur, they still tend to visit again. The rare frequency on disaster evidence and the good reputation of tourism sector in Indonesia may cause their high credibility and the low perceived risk on disaster evidence. The theory of familiarity in influencing perceived risk also has an implication of their low perceived risk. This phenomenon means that the management should developed a well-planned mitigation system to eliminate risk and lowering their expectation to avoid disappointed in visiting the destination.

Bogor is a satellite city of Jakarta Metropolitan that experience rapid population growth and urban development. Urban landscape change for urban development affects the city expansion, development of urban heat island (UHI), and the increasing of land surface temperature (LST). The objectives of this study are to analyze the urban landscape changein1990 and 2017, to analyze the LST change caused by city expansion, and to analyze the development of the UHI phenomenon. We used Local Climate Zone (LCZ) which is a classification system of urban surfaces. In LCZ classification, we used three categories in built-up area, three categories in vegetated area, bare soil, and water. Landsat 5 TM in 1990and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS in 2017 were used in this study. In 1990, the urbanized area was 9.38% and the vegetated area was 83.98%. The urbanized area continuously increased and become 27.24% in 2017 and the vegetated area decreased to 58.85% in 2017. By the comparison of LST in 1990 and2017, the areas that show high LST is increased. As the result of the analysis, the changes from non-urban to urban surface highly affected the UHI in Bogor City through the rise of LST.

The resilience of a city is created by the resilience of all parts of the city that are able to adapt on occurred changes, whether climate change or natural disaster, unexpected development changes and social and economic turmoil of urban society. One area of the city that has a high level of vulnerability to these changes is the settlement that is located around the riverbank area. It is generally identified as slums that have irregular settlement patterns, unsuitable housing conditions and not equipped with infrastructure and facilities of settlements adequate, which cause the settlements can't survive when the floods occurred. Manado City as the capital of North Sulawesi Province, according to Decree of Mayor of Manado Number 163 of 2015 on Determination of Slum Area, there are 13 slum areas around the river border with high flood vulnerability level. Recorded in January 2014 there has been a massive flood in Manado that caused damage and huge losses and even casualties in these areas. This is due to irregular settlements and lack of infrastructure. This study was conducted in one of the slum-heavy at Sindulang Satu District covering aspects of land use analysis, river and coastal boundary conditions, building conditions and disaster mitigation infrastructure systems (river embankments, drainage channels, circulation systems and evacuation routes, green open spaces, electricity, etc). The results show that the boundary area of the river needs to be restructured, the river embankment and drainage channel are repaired, the high density of the building needs to be reduced to provide sufficient open spaces, the need to build disaster evacuation routes, improved building conditions and provide an alternative source of electricity and clean water so that if there is a disaster then the area can survive.

The Southern part of Bandung city Indonesia is often flooded in rainy season. The frequent flooding in this area is the main reason for Bandung municipality to initiate mitigation plan. The selected place for mitigation due to evacuation space provision was Tegalega Park. The mitigation plan was contained in Bandung City Planning 2011-2031. The Tegalega Park was considered as an evacuation park, which has been considered as one of several mitigation efforts in providing evacuation space. Evacuation parkhas functions as a city park on a typical day and a muster point in the event of a disaster. This study aims to design an evacuation park that meets both functions. Methods applied were spatial, descriptive and quantitative analysis. Spatial analysis was used to determine the appropriate area for the evacuation park (not located in flood prone area, far from hazardous area, and near with hospitals). Descriptive analysis was used to analyze social and cultural aspects and history of flood disaster in Bandung. Furthermore, quantitative analysis was used to calculate evacuation path distance (Mohammad Toha Street 6.35km and Cibaduyut Raya Street 6.74 km), optimum thermal temperature (without modification), and carrying capacity. The results of the analysis show that Tegalega Park can be used as evacuation site. The design of Tegalega Park took Bandung Lautan Api stilation as a design concept which were described in site plan and 3D perspective.

Campus landscape reflects the identity and character of a college. The need of public accessibility in the form of pedestrian pathway in campus should be provided particularly to realize a campus life that is environmentally friendly and sustainable. In addition, the presence of a green way on the edge of the pedestrian track in the campus landscape can provide benefits as ecological network corridors that facilitate wildlife movement, linking wildlife habitats, and improve the aesthetic quality of pedestrian pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the visual aesthetic qualities of pedestrian pathways based on ecological network corridors within campus landscape. This study was conducted at campus of Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Dramaga. The used method in this study was descriptive quantitative with analyses of Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE), Shannon Wiener Index (H), and correlation analysis with Rank Spearman. The results showed that the aesthetic quality of pedestrian pathways based on ecological network corridors at IPB Dramaga campus overall showed good results which is characterized by the neatness of pedestrian characteristics and dominant of trees presence. This was indicated by a very high SBE value with a moderate H value. However, there were inadequate pedestrian pathways that have medium SBE value with low H value which is characterized by misused of pedestrian pathways, surrounding building appearance that were not neat, and minimum of trees presence. The correlation test showed positive correlation between SBE aspect and trees diversity aspect (0.335) though there is no significant correlation between the two aspects.

Food quality is determined by food system, from the food production process to food consumption. The production process is related to the agricultural landscape planning. Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) as the centre of excellence of agricultural science and technology, can be a potential sample for implemantation of agricultural planning for production. Thus, the concept of permaculture, which is cover agricultural productivity based on socio-economic, and ecological has a big chance to be applied. The objective of this research is to compose permaculture model for fulfilling the nutritious food needs of IPB's dormitory students. The potential research surveyed in 8 campus experimental gardens and 4 business development sites. All of the site samples can be used as the potential of commodity business. The result showed the nutritious food needs row materials for IPB's dormitory students as much 2 299.14 tons for plant resources production per year and 406.1 tons for animal resources production per year which considered of 18 commodities. The results showed that there is a potential about 33.53% plant resources and 13.25% animal resources to supply nutritious food needs for students of IPB dormitory. This approach could be used by IPB to created food self-sufficiency model by taking advantage of the land owned.

Yogyakarta City has a very special history, this city has a lot of cultural heritage, either tangible or intangible which are located on the philosophy axis. Along the philosophy axis can be found a lot of cultural heritage, especially inherited objects physically as important elements surrounded by other supporting elements. Tugu, Malioboro, Zero Kilometer, and South Square have public space as basic of taking the objects on the philosophy axis. The aims of this research were to examine the place attachment against the four objects with the perception of natives, newcomers, and tourists as respondents. This research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods were done by using descriptive approach to literature review and interviews, as well as field observation. The interviews towards informants, local communities, and tourists. Other qualitative methods by distributing of questionnaires involve the perception of local communities and tourists as much as 327 respondents. Quantitative methods by using a non-parametric test of different test with Mann-Whitney U for test whether there is a difference of perception between two samples. The results of this research, the four objects didn't yet an indication of the place attachment very agreement/high and there was no difference in perception between the natives and newcomers. The results of this research were expected to constitute an important aspect of the place attachment towards all the tangible cultural heritage assets for people against public space to appreciate and to love them as a part of the daily life. The hope of this research, Yogyakarta City could achieve as one of World Heritage City about the culture by UNESCO.

Settlement occupation in Ciliwung riparian zone along Bogor Municipality has reduced vegetation formations of agroforestry, such as kebun campuran (mixed gardens), talun (forest gardens), and pekarangan (home gardens). These processes have reduced plants production, one of riparian landscape services. The purpose of this paper is to know the plant production capacity of agroforestry land use, as a basis for arranging the management of agroforestry landscape in Ciliwung riparian, Bogor Municipality. The study used 14 sample plots (4 taluns, 5 mixed gardens, 5 pekarangans) with purposive sampling method, to plants production analysis of agroforestry land use. Furthermore, the calculation of Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) is conducted to know land productivity. The agroforestry system in Ciliwung riparian, Bogor Municipality has highly potential plant production. The talun has arrange area of 38.77 ha and the average plant production 49.20 Mg/ha, total plant production potency of 1907.48 Mg. The mixed garden has arrange area of 9.44 ha and the average plant production 65.41 Mg/ha, total plant production potency of 617.47 Mg. Meanwhile, the pekarangan has arrange area of 17.53 ha and the average plant production 48.77 Mg/ha, total potential plant production is 854.94 Mg. The talun and mixed garden have high productivity with LER of 1.40 and 1.81, respectively. Where as, the pekarangan has low productivity with LER of 0.96. Agroforestry practices are able to provide better plants production, so that to ensure the stability and sustainability of landowners' income.

The role of rivers includes flood control and irrigation, as well as offering a place for people to interact with nature in daily life, especially for physical exercises and sports in Japan. However, in Japan, many people do not view the riversides as places for recreation; the rules for use, and the process of getting permission is also very complicated. This research argues that partial revision of existing rules regarding the use of riversides will increase the diversity of activities. The objective of this research is to clarify attitudinal differences towards riversides based on the distance between local resident and users, with the Arakawa River in Japan. In May 2017, questionnaire survey items were derived from the Arakawa Future Image Plan of 2010. This survey was administered from the end of May until the middle of July in 2017. A chi-square test was applied for the result analysis. An attitudinal difference between local resident (n = 121) and users (n = 63) was examined in two parts: regional understanding, and the utilization of riversides. According to the study results, the perceptions towards riversides are influenced by the distance from the river and the river's utility pattern. Particularly, differences were seen in people's viewpoints concerning riverside usage patterns

Indonesia has been struggling in managing erosion and existed adjacent settlement in urban riparian landscape. Retaining wall construction has been done to handle the problems. It has protected the riverbank, but has not considered the ecological issues. Moreover, some of the existing retaining wall in Indonesian urban riparian has been built without any standard and proper management by the community who lives surrounding it, include in Ciliwung Riparian along Bogor City. The retaining wall may potentially risk and clearly not have any environmental benefit. This research was conducted to discover the design of retaining wall that has more adaptive to environment and household grey water biofiltering, called as Bio-Retaining Wall. The case study was carried out in Ciliwung Riparian along Bogor City. Research data such as Retaining Wall Information Collection and Assessment System (WICAS) and design processes by adaptive model approach were combined as the methods for generating design in this research. The assessment result showed that most of retaining walls in the riparian were in risky condition of erosion, landslide, and poor household drainage. Bio-Retaining Wall is designed as adaptive retaining wall by having particular components for wastewater separation, water filtration, and plant cultivation. Despite the fact that Bio-Retaining Wall need further development, it may have prospect for the future of constructed riverbank into more sustainable by considering ecological aspect.

To improve the environmental quality and to increase citizens' index of happiness, Bandung City government has built or either rebuilt and revitalized some urban green open spaces, or in popular are known as public park. Until now the government has built hundreds of parks scattered throughout the city of Bandung, ranging from neighbourhood park to city parks. With the availability of many public parks in Bandung, this attract the citizens' attention, both Bandung's citizen and surrounding citizen, to having activities at public park as an alternative destination. Based on the current conditions, the development of green open space in Bandung more likely to focus on meet user's satisfaction and put aside the fulfilment of other function (ecological, health, socio cultural, economy, and aesthetic) as part of the efforts to increase Bandung city urban green open space sustainability. Since the development of green open spaces only expected to accommodate more visitors, this will result in expanding pavement area which potentially reducing the park's ability to absorb water and reducing existing vegetation. In order to prove that, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of urban green open spaces in Bandung. The evaluation's aims to value the balance between its aesthetical and social function, with its ecological function. This paper will propose a set of indicators which can be used as a tool to evaluate performance of urban green open space as an effort to increase Bandung city urban green open space sustainability. These indicators were obtained through in-depth research and review of some related literatures, sub indicators which obtained at that stage will combined and modified to appropriate with the Bandung City urban green open space characteristics. There are four main evaluation indicator categories, which are ecology, socio-cultural, health, and economy indicator. These categories of indicator would be developed into sustainable urban landscape sub-indicators and parameters based on sustainable landscape design principles. In the end, these indicators were expected not only to be applied in Bandung City area but also in other cities as well with appropriate adjustment to the city's character and condition. In the end, these indicators are expected not only can be applied in Bandung City area, but also in other cities, with appropriate adjustments base on the character and condition of the city.

Recently, numbers of ecomuseums are developed around the world, particularly in Europe and Asia. Notably in Indonesia, ecomuseums are provided in various forms, covering large areas to small areas, and isolated sites in order to reach sustainable cultural landscape. This by means protecting the natural resources and cultural heritage. Minahasa region has considerable potential to develop ecomuseum model, encouraging community's local sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is analyzing the potential aspects of ecomuseums in selected rural villages in Minahasa, include; Leilem, Pulutan, Watumea and Kayu Uwi, as case studies. Current development at these villages are evaluated by comparing the local community involvement with the basic principles of ecomuseum concepts, by exploring local community involvement. A qualitative methods was carried out, such in-depth survey between April and September 2017. Field observations include several activities; documentation, also interviewing local participants for their persepective on the ecomuseum developments. In order to reach sustainable landscape development in the region, Ecomuseum is also pivotal and practical model as functional tools for protecting the cultural heritage and developing of local areas. This research proves that Minahasa has got many cultural heritage sources, which are using productively for local sustainable development. The villages are samples of natural and cultural heritage areas of Minahasa for a sustainable cultural landscape development in the region.

The Malay rural traditional village landscape in under tremendous pressure being transformed into other uses to fulfil current socio-economic needs and urbanisation. Due to various anthropogenic activities, they are being abandoned and neglected. Furthermore, people less depended on the rural landscape for the provision of food and other requirements. The conservation and preservation of traditional rural village are crucial not only to protect cultural values but also as a national heritage for future generation. In this study, we estimate the value of rural landscape through their willingness to pay (WTP) for the conservation of the Malay rural traditional landscape. This study was conducted to explore the public perspectives on the conservation value of the Malay rural traditional village landscapes, cultural value, and their willingness to pay. The findings suggested that 15.3% of respondents were willing to contribute between RM 50.01 to RM 200.00 on the conservation of the Malay traditional village landscape. The highest contribution was RM 500 000. The results also show that 30% of the respondents, were satisfied with the present situation of traditional village environment and 50% of the respondents stated that the government should be responsible for the cost of conservation of the Malay traditional village landscape.

The storm water management approach is still scarce in developing countries. Streetscape is one of the city's elements that suitable for storm water management because of the dominance of impervious surface. Storm water runoff will cause damage of streetscape facility and river biodiversity in the long term due to the pollutant consist on it. This study focuses on the use of hydrological analysis to determine the main problem regarding the drainage capacity and the design solution with storm water management approach. The case study takes place in Sudirman Street, Bogor City. There are two types of drainage basins in Sudirman Street and delineated to two different catchment areas. The result of study shows that both of existing channels have enough capability to accommodate peak runoff until 5-year storm, yet the flash flood still occurs during the heavy rain. This is leading to conclusion that the existing inflow design is not effective to convey the runoff into existing drainage. So, the design solution is utilizing green area in the streetscape as a green infrastructure that give a multiple benefit to the environment such as filter, infiltrate, and convey storm water runoff slowly to the main drainage.

Setu Babakan Cultural Village is a settlement area established by the Government of Jakarta as a place for the conservation and development of Betawinese culture. It is located in Srengseng Sawah, South Jakarta. It has a natural lake, called as Setu Babakan, as the focal point. It is one of the interesting tourist attractions for those want to enjoy the typical rural atmosphere or see the indigenous Betawinese culture directly. The lack point of Setu Babakan Cultural Village is the character as the village area based on Betawinese culture. Culinary zone as one of tourist destination has a dirty look with the number of carts and food stalls that are not well organized. Thus the visitors feel uncomfortable with the situation in culinary zone of Setu Babakan Cultural Village. To reinforce the impression as Betawinese Culture Village, the culinary zone needs to be strengthening by design. This research use planning approach to interpret the Betawinese decorative concept such as ornament, materials, and color based on Betawinese architectural philosophy. The result of this study is not only to create an interesting, comfortable, and aesthetic atmosphere of culinary zone in SetuBabakan Cultural Village but also strengthen the cultural identity that must be preserved.

Bandung is the capital city of West Java province in Indonesia. The city is located on 768 meters (2,520 feet) above sea level and lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains. The annual rainfall is considered as high level. The most rain happen on January with total precipitation is 973.0 millimetres, while the less rain happen on August with total precipitation is 70.0 millimetres. In addition, La Nina phenomenon occurs lately to trigger high rainfall level in Bandung city. Based on Meteoblue Bandung City, the average of precipitation in Bandung is 2164mm / year. The potential of this large rainfall later can be utilized as water reserves, in urban settlements with high population density. In line with the Mayor of Bandung city Regulation (Perwal Bandung) no. 1023 year2016 about the Green Building mentioned that any building with area more than 5,000 m² requires to preserve balance of environment, including concerning social, cultural and ecosystem. Later, this paper aims to explore the sustainable development concept of rainwater harvesting for a public flat in Taman Sari, Bandung. The need for clean water for the residents is as much as 102,200,000 litters/year for 2800 occupants. The design of Tamansari Village public flat then able to accommodate 23,700,993.6 litters/year, which means 23% of the total needs of clean water.

Lubuk Basung is the capital city of this regency which is currently being developing and increasing in the population. By increasing those development activities in the city, attention to protect and anticipate the problem lead to environmental degradations is needed. Moreover, any development activities in the urban area almost creating the homogeneity in spatial development and ignored the local characteristics. One of the preventing action of these environmental problems and creating local characteristics is to conduct spatial planning for the existence of green space. In order to be able to reduce the homogeneity in creating of green space planning, integrating the local wisdom in this research is needed. The objective of the research is to understand the characteristic of existing green space, identify and analyze the green space needs, identify the value of local wisdom, and to plan the green space in Lubuk Basung city. The research consists of preparation, inventory, analysis, synthesis, and planning. The analysis was conducted to determine the green space (biophysical-based green space) toward to protected area, green space along the river corridor, and green space for urban community needs (social-based green space). It was evaluated by comparing those with the existing green space. The result of analysis was used as a reference in directing green space planning to be developed by integrating with Luhak Agam local wisdom value (cultural-based green space). The final result of this research is arranged as green space planning in Lubuk Basung City. Those green space planning consist of green spaces for protected forests, limited production forests, agricultural cultivation areas, on building areas, greenway for the river, road power line corridor, and parks.

Volker Park, an abandoned park located in North Jakarta which potentially develop as green open space in urban area. The green open areas of DKI Jakarta itself currently only 9.98% of the total area, which is planned to be extended into 30%. This expansion in accordance with UU No.26 of 2007 that Municipal government have to provide green open space to improve the quality of the environment and as a means of environmental protection. It is also creating harmony of the natural environment and the built environment that is useful for the benefit of society. The planning and design concept then needed to implement this vision. This paper brings the idea of urban harvesting and farming theme park to encourage the collaboration within the community. The area then divided into six stages, which are 1870 m² for the first phase, followed by 3094 m² in second phase, then 3094 m² in the third phase, the 2808 m² in the fourth phase, the 700 m² in the fifth phase and finally the sixth phase is 752 m².

Creating an urban eco-park an efforts to restore habitat in urban areas. The Urban Eco-Park is useful to be a wildlife refuge, as well as functioning the urban park to become an indicator of environmental quality by introducing butterflies. The butterfly is one of the animals that can be observed more easily and closely than other species of insects. Butterflies have a significant ecological role, which can be found in several habitats of urban areas. The benefit of butterfly is acting as a good urban environment bio-indicator. Some butterflies' species mentioned in a case study as a bio indicator but the abundance and diversity of butterflies have more important role to indicate a good urban environment. The objective of this study is creating model to formulate a concept of urban park where the park is become an indicator of a good environment showing by butterflies appearance. The Site Plan was made with concept to invite butterflies by using their proper plants preferences (food plants and host plants). The method in this study using descriptive method comprised literature review from case studies and field observations. The result showed that a well landscape management was able to provide suitable food plants and host plants which were important to maintain the existence of butterflies in an urban park.

The rapid growths of Malang city as education and tourism city makes a higher demand for housing and increases land prices. The number of small housing type-settlement development with no adequate garden or open space is always increase. Housing that lack of greenery has led to many problems such as bad quality of fresh air, lack of playing area for kids and mental problem. On the other side, the widespread of city development has resulted in reduced agricultural space which has led to inadequate domestic food supplies and the declining quality of food crops availability. In the wake of various issues on food and energy security, urban farming by Food Oriented Development (FOD) is a concept of urban development that can make the city as a food provider for its own citizens on an ongoing basis. This concept considers aspects of food security as well as socio-economic considerations in urban physical development. The objective of this research is to get the information of people preference of verticulture model as urban farming method in small housing type-settlement. The questionnaire survey using Likert scale is conducted to measure people perception and preference. This study explores factor analysis for decision-making process. The result indicate that people tend to choose simple and smart system of verticulture model as a vertical garden in private residential. Giving recommendation of the verticulture model, hopefully this study can be implemented in small housing-type settlement in Malang city in order to be self-sufficient in food supply.

Bogor Botanic Garden (BBG) is one of the ex situ conservation areas with overall site approximately 87 ha. BBG is the oldest botanical garden in Southeast Asia and become an icon of the city of Bogor. From its inception in 1817 to its present age of 200 years, the botanical garden has evolved into an institution that combines diverse activities in science and horticulture with public education, as well as a rich heritage of historic buildings and monuments of living plants. The development of a botanical garden that presents new roles and functions led to a design change in the botanical garden. The objective of this study was to identify the development and function of The Bogor Botanic Garden. This research was conducted using descriptive methods consisting of historical reference search, compare, from initial map and current condition. The results of The Bogor Botanic Garden design established based on taxonomy patterns with the classic English garden concept. From the function of the botanical garden initially only serves as a garden where the collection of plants, then became the center of research, education, and now developed as a place for recreation and educational activities of nature observation.

The growth of urban areas in Bogor City physically marked by rapid growth in the urban fringe, where its growth tend to be widespread and dispersed randomly as well getting out of control (urban sprawl phenomenon). Urban sprawl resulted in the loss of green space and has caused many environmental impacts associated with the reduction of public green open space. The public green open space (GOS) in urban fringe area are essential for guiding sustainable urban development in response to urban sprawl phenomenon. The objective of this study is to assess the quality of public GOS in district of Tanah Sareal Bogor City. Analysis were done by using Worldview 2 imagery year 2015 through NDVI method. The study demonstrated that in the current area of GOS still meets the rules, but the quality level of public (GOS) are varies where the best quality is public GOS in Kelurahan Sukaresmi and the worst is public GOS in district of Kedungwaringin.

Each island in Indonesia has its own topographical characteristics, which generally consists of plains, plateaus, hills and mountains. This topography influences vertical alignment of the roads. Gradient of vertical alignment on road construction planning is maximum 10%, but in facts it is shown that in some areas they are reached more than 10%. While the vehicle gas emission test in Indonesia currently only apply for public transport and freight cars, where the test is only performed on a flat road and in idle conditions without considering geometric aspects. Passenger cars are not subject to this test contrary to the increase of their population of about 10-15% annually which is much higher than the public transport. This research aims to determine the level of gas emissions of passenger cars on climb road segment (vertical alignment). The methods of analysis are by using distribution frequency of the vehicle gas emissions data test of passenger cars in dynamic condition on climb road segment. This research conduct with Gas Analyzer Equipment which is measured CO, CO2, HC, and Lambda (The composition of gasoline and Air). Sample of passenger cars used by two cars with the same specification and different age. The data used in this research are passenger cars speed with three variations are 30, 40 and 50 kph. The gas emissions test of passenger cars is performed on the road which have the gradient of vertical alignment is maximum 10%, and this test is regardless to the value of skid resistant, roughness and driver characteristics. The result shown that climb and slope road segment influence the level of gas emissions of passenger cars for CO and CO2 has almost the same value. The condition climb and slope road segment for Lambda 0.99 % volume, the value of CO volume is 0.35% volume and CO2 is 12.3% volume. While the content of HC has different characteristics that is when the vehicle climb, HC content lower than when the vehicle slope. When the mixed composition of fuel and air (Lambda 0.99% volume), the vehicle climbed about 11.5 ppm and when the vehicle sloped about 30.5 ppm. The ratio of HC between vehicles climbed and sloped is 1: 2.

Indonesia is undergoing rapid pace of urbanization and inadequacy of reliable data for environmental and urban planning, especially in the developing countries. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate land use/cover change (LUCC) and urban spatial expansion, from 2005 to 2017, in Semarang City, Indonesia, using satellite images, field observations, and socio-economic data. The urban sprawl was also measured using Shannon's entropy based on its primary spatial form. As known, urban sprawl measurements based on its spatial forms would affect the policies and specific regulations in dealing with its dominant form. LUCC change and urban growth were simulated for 2029, using the CA-Markov model. The results show rapid growth of built-up areas that led to a significant decrease in the agriculture areas, gardens and wasteland, from 2005 to 2017. The obtained relative entropy values indicate Semarang city has experienced an increasing urban sprawl over the last few years. The CA-Markov model predicts that this unsustainable trend will continue in the future and built-up areas. The results in this study determine appropriate policies and regulations, especially to prevent linear glaciers along the main road.

In 2014, the Parangtritis sand dunes area has been established as a geological natural preserve. Due to its distinctive characteristics and uniqueness, the Parangtritis sand dunes area is included to the privilege values of Yogyakarta Province. This research aims to 1) identify various anthropogenic activities that possibly affecting the natural process of the Parangtritis sand dunes, 2) formulate appropriate management actions to ensure the continuity of aeolian process. Several anthropogenic activities were identified in the research area such as settlements, agriculture, fishponds, and coastal forest cultivation. Among those anthropogenic activities, coastal forest cultivation is the most threatening activity to the aeolian process of the Parangtritis sand dunes. Beside the density of the vegetation, much also inhibit the sand transport as the main controlling factor for the formation of sand dunes. For precise management actions, sand dunes zonation is urgently required. The whole area in the supply zone must be cleared from any anthropogenic activities to keep the sand sufficient. The transport zone, where the sand is actively transported also should be cleared from anthropogenic activities, especially from coastal forest cultivation. In this zone, indigenous vegetation are allowed to grow as biodiversity icon. The accumulation zone is suitable for coastal forest cultivation as a barrier and protection for the settlement area and agriculture area outside the Parangtritis sand dunes.

Generally sand is used as root zone of turf grass in golf course. High permeability of sand caused irrigation inefficient. This research was conducted to find the effect of addition of bentonite and frequency of irrigation to improve qualities of Bermuda grass (Cynodondactylon var evergreen). Experiments using factorial completely randomized design with two treatment factors with 3 replications. The first factor was the addition of bentonite 25 mesh which consisted of three levels i.e. 100% sand, 87.5% sand + 12.5% bentonite, and 75% sand + 25% bentonite. The second factor was the frequency of irrigation which consisted of three levels i.e. every day, every two days, every three days. Results of research showed interaction of media mix and the irrigation frequency was significantly affected all variable of grass qualities. Mix of sand 87.5% + bentonite 12.5% with watering of once every two days produced the best visual quality, and functional quality at the height of grass, clipping dry weight, shoot dry weight, as well as on the efficiency of irrigation water use (EIWU). It is recommended to use mix of sand 87.5% + bentonite 12.5 % with every two days watering that generally produced the best qualities and spends water consumption.

The implementation of development that places the community as the main actor is an approach that is in line with the concept of urban governance in which the community must participate in planning and managing urban affairs. One of the problems faced by many big cities in the world including Jakarta is slum areas. This paper attempts to discuss how community participation in upgrading slum areas that are implemented by the Provincial Government of Jakarta through a "KampungDeret" program, especially in Petogogan. By using literature studies and in-depth interviews, this paper tries to explain how community participation based on five key principles of urban governance, namely participation, accountability, transparency, responsiveness, and efficiency. Based on data and information collected can be seen that the community was involved in the implementation of the program from planning to implementation. However, the community is not given periodic information regarding the use of funds, thus raising accountability issues. In addition to problems in terms of efficiency of timeliness in the implementation of the program.

According to Hansen and Biringer, environmental threats like climate change require that we extend conservation planning beyond the boundaries of protected areas, and into a future in which ecosystems and biomes may be quite different than they are today. One of the important ecosystems to be conserved in efforts to overcome climate change is forests. Forests can be managed to mitigate climate change because forests fulfill many important environmental functions and services. According to CIFOR, forests are important in determining the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Although it has a very important role, forests have big problems as a result of deforestation, including in Indonesia. This paper tries to discuss how community participation has an important role in improving environmental conditions, especially in maintaining forest sustainability. The case discussed is "Hutan Organik" or organic forest that is an effort from the community in making forests in a critical area in Megamendung, Bogor. Hutan Organik is an artificial forest made and managed personally by Bambang Istiawan and family organically and currently has an area of approximately 27 hectares. Through this paper is expected to provide an overview of the importance of conservation efforts by the community as one of the strategies that must be optimized by the government in building environmental resilience in combating climate change.

Climate change, population growth and rapid urbanisation have severe implications for cities and the way in which they interact with water. As a response to these challenges the water sensitive cities concept emerged, which supports cities to become more resilient to these challenges while making them more prosperous, sustainable and liveable. A water sensitive city harnesses the whole water cycle through integrated water management solutions, designs beautiful blue and green urban spaces and comprises healthy communities who are strongly connected with each other and with their local environment. Indonesian cities have an opportunity to 'leapfrog' towards a water sensitive city and to bypass the negative consequences that have resulted from urbanisation and growth that developed countries have gone through. Contributing to this growing field of research, this paper synthesizes key insights from the transformative change, sustainable urban water management and leapfrogging literature. The paper defines what leapfrogging to a water sensitive city means and describes three catalysts that facilitate this transition: trans-disciplinary science, cross sectoral collaboration and innovation experiments. The paper also introduces a joint Australian-Indonesian research program that develops water sensitive city leapfrogging strategies by translating these catalysts into practice.

Most green open spaces in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, are susceptible to conversion into urban use. In Jakarta, land development is progressing to the point where there is no room for additional land development, resulting in a shift to land development in other cities, especially the urban areas surrounding Jakarta, Jabodetabek. This study focused on land development in Depok City located south of Jakarta. Depok is influenced strongly by land development in Jakarta, and further economic growth is expected. The purpose of this study is to reveal the changes in the area of green open spaces to investigate the transition of green open spaces in Depok and to identify the factors influencing the transition of green open spaces in Depok. ERDAS 9.1 Software was used to analyze the changes in the area of green open spaces in 1995–2015. To identify the factors influencing the transition of green open spaces, binomial logistic regression analysis was used. It was revealed that the area of green open spaces has rapidly decreased from 2005 (9789.28Ha) to 2015(5157.80Ha) in Depok. The results of logistic regression analysis showed Logit Y = 2.575 − 0.118 X1 − 0.012 X2. Two factors particularly influenced the transition of green open spaces, the proximity to educational areas or main roads was associated with reductions in green open spaces.

Urban forest is urban landscape feature serves as recreation area for urban dwellers. Jakarta has 15 urban forests spread all over Jakarta. Urban forest is urban landscape feature serves as a recreation area for urban dweller. How the actual use of urban forest by Jakarta city's dwellers is important to evaluate. The objective of this study were to analyse the extent of each urban forest coverage can reach by walk and how many dwellers's villages were visiting the urban forest from inside and outside Jakarta. This study combined field based interviews of urban forest's visitors with GIS analysis. As a result, University of Indonesia (UI) Forest (55 ha) and Dukuh Forest (0,58 ha) were identify as the largest (36 villages, 6.696,38 ha) and smallest urban forest (2 villages, 38,20 ha), respectively. Overall 73,33% visitors came from within the urban forest coverage area, whereas the rest (26,66%) came from outside. Therefore the actual use of urban forest has proven that urban forest as one of recreation area for Jakarta city's dwellers.

Bogor is a city with a high population density where located along of the middle part of the Ciliwung river watershed. The need sattlement of low income community lead to the occupation and unplanned settlement on the riparian. The using of the riparian river as undeveloped area has impact to safety community and ecological system at the riparian and the blue open space (BOS). The objectives of this study were, to analysis the situation of the activities and perceptions community in two different locations. This research was conducted in Bogor City area, in Pulo Geulis and Griya Katulampa. The data perception were colected by purposive sampling method and analyzed by using Chi-Square test analysis. Based on landscape character and socio cultural of the community has different condition and situation between in Pulo Geulis ang Griya Katulampa. Based on the the result of perception in Pulo Geulis's, the background of age has the most influence while at Griya Katulampa were the educational and the education background the most influential aspect to the material aspects being tested. Based on its preference, in Pulo Geulis, the background of respondents' most influential character in responding it was the background of kind of work while in Griya Katulampa the background of origin, length of stay and education. Based on its preference, in Pulo Geulis, background of character respondents' that most influencial it was type of work while in Griya katulampa were origin, length of stay, and education.

The objective of this study was to clarify the method of forest activities of CSR for collaboration between companies and local communities, focusing on the Kishiwada Hilly Development district in Japan. The research method is mesh analysis by GIS, a questionnaire, interviews and a field survey. First, this area was subdivided as divided into 2625 meshes, and each of the meshes was evaluated via the natural conservation importance index and recreational usability index. Second, we examined the zoning estimation method based on spatial characteristics and the difference in human activities. Third, we identified the beliefs and challenges for CSR forest activities by the four companies participating in forest activities in the study area. The result was, first, bamboo forest accounts for 26.2%, such as forests without administrators. Second, suitable forests for recreation totalled 52.3%, occupies a majority of the land. Third, the purpose of participation in corporate forest-making activities varied depending on the departments. A common problem was a lack of knowledge regarding forest management. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the development of forest management plans considering the needs of CSR forest activities and the conditions throughout the region would improve the resilience and the benefits of Satochi-Satoyama.

Water is very important as a source of life for human and other living organism. Bogor City has two main rivers, i.e. Cisadane River and Ciliwung River. Those rivers, particularly Ciliwung River has low in water quality, that has been affected by land use changes and human activities. Nitrate concentration is one of hazardous chemical observed in this research, due to Nitrate contamination is very dangerous for human health. Focus of this paper is how the spatial distribution of Nitrate concentration in Ciliwung River. There were 13 sites of water sampling in Ciliwung River. Water samples were collected in December 2016, January 2017, and February 2017. Inverted Distance Weighted method was used to identify spatial distribution of Nitrate concentration. According to the analysis results, Nitrate had different concentrations in December 2016, January 2017, and February 2017. The highest concentration of Nitrate in December 2016 has occurred in three sites, i.e. Kedung Halang, Cibuluh and Sukaresmi. Nitrate concentration had increased from 4.30 to 5.70 mg/L in January 2017, and the highest had occurred in Sukaresmi. Further more, Nitrate concentration had decreased become 4.80 mg/L in February 2017, where the highest concentration of Nitrate had occurred in Cibuluh, Sukaresmi, Bantar Jati, and Kebun Raya Bogor.

Birds are able to sustain almost everywhere, including in urban residential areas where habitat components were limited. Some birds may survive, while others might not. The objective of the research was to identify bird species which still sustained in an urban area, after 5 years elapsed time. The study site was Sentul City (West Java), a large residential area that arranged into clusters of different housing and tree planting arrangement. Birds were sampled in 2012 and 2017 within 5 housing clusters and boulevard, using a point count method. There were 42 bird species found in 2012 and 35 species in 2017, and thus there were a decrease of 7 species (16%). Eurasian Eurasian Tree sparrow, Sooty-headed Bulbul, and Scarlet-headed Flower pecker were the most abundant birds. Two new species were recorder in 2017. About 60% of bird species were sustained as exploiters and adapters in the study sites, including tree sparrows, bulbuls (sooty-headed), flowerpeckers and sunbirds, and munias. The semi-natural cluster within the residential area harbour avoiders that preferred shrubby old-growth habitat such as babblers, cuckoos, and nightjars.

Cemeteries in an urban area may occupy a large area and harbor many bird species. The aim of this paper was to identify bird species found in cemeteries of urban area in Bogor, West Java. Three largest cemeteries were selected as study sites: Gunung gadung (36.0 ha), Dreded (6.5 ha), and Blender (6.7 ha). Point count method was used, followed by calculation of Shannon diversity indices, Jaccard similarity index, and species dominance. A total of 33 bird species were found in all sites, of which 21 species (H' 1.86) were found in Gununggadung, 20 species (H' 1.74) in Dreded, and 14 species (H'1.77) in Blender, all considered to have low species diversity. Similarity among sites were quite high (0.64-0.72), all showed typical urban bird species although the three sites are far apart. Dominant bird species were aerial insectivores (swiftlet) and granivores (especially munias). The low bird diversity in cemeteries was due to the poor tree species and coverage. Planting with more diverse tree plants might increase bird species in cemeteries, as well as increase their other ecological function in urban area.

Greenway is one of available habitats for birds in Bogor. Birds that occupied greenways are more susceptible to traffic noise disturbance because birds use acoustic signals to communicate. This research aims to identify noise levels and bird activities in four Bogor greenways with different traffic frequencies. Four greenways observed in this research were Jalan Ahmad Yani, Jalan Paledang, Jalan Semeru and Jalan Tentara Pelajar. Methods used in this research were measuring noise with sound level meter, and O'Donnell and Dilk's five-one minute observation on birds. The result showed that Jalan Semeru had the highest noise value. Foraging activities, singing, and perching had lower frequencies in the noisiest greenway, while breeding activities was never recorded.

The uniqueness of the urban physiographic landscape could share advantage as well as constraint for the sake of urban water availability. Physiography landscape of urban area will slightly affect the ability of a city in providing water needs of urban dwellers. An alternative solution to resolve the problem is rainwater harvesting. Semarang is one of secondary cities, faces various problems such as ground water scarcity, land subsidence, flood, and drought. Water resilience problem of Semarang would become more severe when development activities do not pay attention to 2 kinds of landscapes: social and physiography dimension. This study aims to examine the distribution and characteristics of landscape physiography associated with social condition, considering appropriate form of rainwater harvesting application. The basic methods used are spatial analyses and combined with non-parametric statistical technique based on questionnaires. Landscape physiography variables embrace various aspects of altitude, slope, geology, soil, ground water potential, landslide, flood, and land subsidence. While social variables involve several aspects of community attitudes, gender, education and income. The results shows that the application of rainwater harvesting needs to consider physiographic landscape together with social profile to ensure and support water resilience of urban areas.