Wei-Shih Yang et al 2007 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40 8487 doi:10.1088/1751-8113/40/29/021
Wei-Shih Yang1, Chaobin Liu2 and Kai Zhang1
Show affiliationsWe consider general quantum random walks in a d-dimensional half-space. We first obtain a path integral formula for general quantum random walks in a d-dimensional space. Our path integral formula is valid for general quantum random walks on Cayley graphs as well. Then the path integral formula is applied to obtain the scaling limit of the exit distribution, the expectation of exit time and the asymptotic behaviour of the exit probabilities, for general quantum random walks in a half-space under some conditions on amplitude functions. The conditions are shown to be satisfied by both the Hadamard and Grover quantum random walks in two-dimensional half-spaces. For the two-dimensional case, we show that the critical exponent for the scaling limit of the hitting distribution is 1 as the lattice spacing tends to zero, i.e. the natural magnitude of the hitting position is of order O(1) if the lattice spacing is set to be 1/n. We also show that the rate of convergence of the total hitting probability has lower bound n−2 and upper bound n−2+
for any
> 0. For a quantum random walk with a fixed starting point, we show that the probability of hitting times at the hyperplane decays faster than that of the classical random walk. In both one and two dimensions, given the event of a hit, the conditional expectation of hitting times is finite, in contrast to being infinite for the classical case. In the one-dimensional case, we also obtain an exact order of the probability distribution of the hitting time at 0.
03.65.Db Functional analytical methods
02.10.Ox Combinatorics; graph theory
05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.)
82B20 Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs
81S40 Path integrals (See also 58D30)
82B41 Random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc. (See also 60G50, 82C41)
Issue 29 (20 July 2007)
Received 20 March 2007
Published 3 July 2007
Wei-Shih Yang et al 2007 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40 8487
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