Planck-LFI: design and performance of the 4 Kelvin Reference Load Unit

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/T12006

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Journal of Instrumentation Volume 4 December 2009 Create an alert RSS this journal

L Valenziano et al 2009 JINST 4 T12006 doi:10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/T12006

Planck-LFI: design and performance of the 4 Kelvin Reference Load Unit

OPEN ACCESS The Planck Low Frequency Instrument

L Valenziano^a, F Cuttaia^a, A De Rosa^a, L Terenzi^a, A Brighenti^a, G P Cazzola^a, A Garbesi^b, S Mariotti^c, G Orsi^a, L Pagan^e, F Cavaliere^f, M Biggi^d, R Lapini^d, E Panagin^d, P Battaglia^d, R C Butler^a, M Bersanelli^f, O D'Arcangelo^g, S Levin^h, N Mandolesi^a, A Mennella^f, G Morgante^a, G Morigi^a, M Sandri^a, A Simonetto^g, M Tomasiⁱ, F Villa^a, M Frailis^j, S Galeotta^k, A Gregorio^j,k, R Leonardi^l, S R Lowe^m, M Maris^j, P Meinhold^l, L Mendesⁿ, L Stringhetti^a, A Zoncaⁱ and A Zacchei^j

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valenziano@iasfbo.inaf.it

^a Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Bologna, INAF, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
^b Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, CNR, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
^c Istituto di Radioastronomia, INAF, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
^d Officine Pasquali, via Palazzo de' Diavoli 124B, 50142 Firenze, Italy
^e Thales Alenia Space Italia, Sede di Milano, S.S. Padana Superiore 290, 20090 Vimodrone, Italy
^f Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
^g Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, CNR, Via Roberto Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy
^h Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, CA91109 Pasadena, USA
ⁱ Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Milano, INAF, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
^j Osservatorio Astronomico di Treste, INAF, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
^k Università degli studi di Trieste, Dipartimento di Fisica, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
^l Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara 2225 Broida Hall CA 93106 Santa Barbara, USA
^m Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
ⁿ ESA - European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, NL 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands

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Abstract References Cited By

Part of The Planck Low Frequency Instrument

The LFI radiometers use a pseudo-correlation design where the signal from the sky is continuously compared with a stable reference signal, provided by a cryogenic reference load system. The reference unit is composed by small pyramidal horns, one for each radiometer, 22 in total, facing small absorbing targets, made of a commercial resin ECCOSORB CR^TM, cooled to ~ 4.5 K. Horns and targets are separated by a small gap to allow thermal decoupling. Target and horn design is optimized for each of the LFI bands, centered at 70, 44 and 30 GHz. Pyramidal horns are either machined inside the radiometer 20K module or connected via external electro-formed bended waveguides. The requirement of high stability of the reference signal imposed a careful design for the radiometric and thermal properties of the loads. Materials used for the manufacturing have been characterized for thermal, RF and mechanical properties. We describe in this paper the design and the performance of the reference system.

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