Design, development and verification of the 30 and 44 GHz front-end modules for the Planck Low Frequency Instrument

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/T12002

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Journal of Instrumentation Volume 4 December 2009 Create an alert RSS this journal

R J Davis et al 2009 JINST 4 T12002 doi:10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/T12002

Design, development and verification of the 30 and 44 GHz front-end modules for the Planck Low Frequency Instrument

OPEN ACCESS The Planck Low Frequency Instrument

R J Davis^a, A Wilkinson^a, R D Davies^a, W F Winder^a, N Roddis^a, E J Blackhurst^a, D Lawson^a, S R Lowe^a, C Baines^a, M Butlin^a, A Galtress^a, D Shepherd^a, B Aja^b, E Artal^b, M Bersanelli^c, R C Butler^d, C Castelli^e, F Cuttaia^d, O D'Arcangelo^f, T Gaier^g, R Hoyland^h, D Kettleⁱ, R Leonardi^j, N Mandolesi^d, A Mennella^c, P Meinhold^j, M Pospieszalski^k, L Stringhetti^d, M Tomasi^c, L Valenziano^d and A Zonca^c

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Richard.Davis@manchester.ac.uk

^a Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
^b Departamento de Ingeniería de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n. 39005 Santander, Spain
^c Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
^d INAF IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
^e Science and Technology Facilities Council, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN2 1SZ, UK
^f IFP-CNR, Via Cozzi 53, Milano, Italy
^g Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA
^h Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/ Vía Láctea, s/n E38205 - La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain
ⁱ School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK
^j Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
^k National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475 USA

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Abstract References Cited By

Part of The Planck Low Frequency Instrument

We give a description of the design, construction and testing of the 30 and 44 GHz Front End Modules (FEMs) for the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) of the Planck mission to be launched in 2009. The scientific requirements of the mission determine the performance parameters to be met by the FEMs, including their linear polarization characteristics. The FEM design is that of a differential pseudo-correlation radiometer in which the signal from the sky is compared with a 4-K blackbody load. The Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) at the heart of the FEM is based on indium phosphide High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). The radiometer incorporates a novel phase-switch design which gives excellent amplitude and phase match across the band. The noise temperature requirements are met within the measurement errors at the two frequencies. For the most sensitive LNAs, the noise temperature at the band centre is 3 and 5 times the quantum limit at 30 and 44 GHz respectively. For some of the FEMs, the noise temperature is still falling as the ambient temperature is reduced to 20 K. Stability tests of the FEMs, including a measurement of the 1/f knee frequency, also meet mission requirements. The 30 and 44 GHz FEMs have met or bettered the mission requirements in all critical aspects. The most sensitive LNAs have reached new limits of noise temperature for HEMTs at their band centres. The FEMs have well-defined linear polarization characteristcs.

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Design, development and verification of the 30 and 44 GHz front-end modules for the Planck Low Frequency Instrument

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