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The KamLAND full-volume calibration system

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B E Bergera, J Busenitzb, T Classenb, M P Decowskic,g, D A Dwyerd, G Elorc, A Frankc, S J Freedmanc,g, B K Fujikawac,g, M Gallowayc, F Grayc, K M Heegere,g, L Hsuc, K Ichimurac, R Kadelc, G Keeferb, C Lendvaic, D McKeeb, T O'Donnellc, A Piepkeb,g, H M Steinerc, D Syversrudc, J Walligc, L A Winslowc, T Ebiharaf, S Enomotof,g, K Furunof, Y Gandof, H Ikedaf, K Inouef,g, Y Kibef, Y Kishimotof, M Kogaf,g, Y Minekawaf, T Mitsuif, K Nakajimaf, K Nakajimaf, K Nakamuraf,g, K Owadaf, I Shimizuf, Y Shimizuf, J Shiraif, F Suekanef, A Suzukif, K Tamaef, S Yoshidaf, A Kozlovg, H Murayamag,c, C Grantb, D S Leonardb, K -B Lukc, C Jillingsd, C Maugerd, R D McKeownd, C Zhangd, C E Laneh, J Maricich, T Miletich, M Batygovi, J G Learnedi, S Matsunoi, S Pakvasai, J Fosterj, G A Horton-Smithj,g, A Tangj, S Dazeleyk, K E Downuml, G Grattal, K Tolichl, W Buggm, Y Efremenkom,g, Y Kamyshkovm, O Perevozchikovm, H J Karwowskin, D M Markoffn, W Tornown, F Piquemalo and J -S Ricolo

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We have successfully built and operated a source deployment system for the KamLAND detector. This system was used to position radioactive sources throughout the delicate 1-kton liquid scintillator volume, while meeting stringent material cleanliness, material compatibility, and safety requirements. The calibration data obtained with this device were used to fully characterize detector position and energy reconstruction biases. As a result, the uncertainty in the size of the detector fiducial volume was reduced by a factor of two. Prior to calibration with this system, the fiducial volume was the largest source of systematic uncertainty in measuring the number of antineutrinos detected by KamLAND. This paper describes the design, operation and performance of this unique calibration system.

Keywords

Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators)

Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams)

Detector design and construction technologies and materials

Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics

 

E-print Number: 0903.0441

Cited: by |

Refers: to

PACS

29.40.Mc Scintillation detectors

06.20.fb Standards and calibration

Subjects

Accelerators, beams and electromagnetism

Nuclear physics

Instrumentation and measurement

Particle physics and field theory

Dates

Issue 04 (April 2009)

Received 11 March 2009, accepted for publication 27 March 2009

Published 27 April 2009



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