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ATLAS pixel detector electronics and sensors

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G Aad11, M Ackers2, F A Alberti12, M Aleppo12,13, G Alimonti12, J Alonso1, E C Anderssen1, A Andreani12,13, A Andreazza12,13, J-F Arguin1, K E Arms15, D Barberis7,8, M B Barbero2, M Bazalova17, R B Beccherle7, K H Becks24, P K Behera9, F Bellina24, J Beringer1, K Bernardet11, J B Biesiada1, L Blanquart1, J Boek24, G R Boyd16, P Breugnon11, P Buchholz19, B Butler18, M Caccia12,13, A C Capsoni12, C Caso7,8, D Cauz21,22, M Cepeda1, R Cereseto7, M Cervetto7,8, M L Chu20, M Citterio12, J C Clemens11, Y C Coadou3, M Cobal21,22, A Coccaro7,8, S Coelli12, S Correard11, M Cristinziani2, S Cuneo7, S D'Auria21,22, M Dameri7, G Darbo7, S Dardin1, B De Lotto21,22, U De Sanctis12,13, J B De Vivie De Regie11, C Del Papa21,22, P Delpierre11, B Di Girolamo3, W Dietsche2, F Djama11, D Dobos6, M Donega3, J Dopke24, K Einsweiler1, A Eyring2, D Fasching23, L Feligioni11, D Ferguson23, W Fernando15, P Fischer2, M J Fisher15, T Flick24, G Gagliardi7,8, E Galyaev5, K K Gan15, M Garcia-Sciveres1, N Garelli7,8, G G Gariano7, G G Gaycken2, C Gemme7, P Gerlach24, M Gilchriese1, M P Giordani21,22, D Giugni12, K W Glitza24, C Gössling6, T Golling1, F Goozen1, I Gorelov14, G Gorfine24, C Grah24, H M Gray4, I M Gregor24, J Grosse-Knetter2, K Grybel19, P Gutierrez16, G D Hallewell11, N Hartman1, M Havranek17, B Heinemann1, T Henß24, M R Hoeferkamp14, D Hoffmann11, M Holder19, W Honerbach2, C Horn18, S Hou20, G S Huang16, F Huegging2, E W Hughes4, I Ibragimov19, I Ilyashenko3, M Imhaeuser24, J M Izen5, J Jackson15, D Jana16, R C Jared23, P Jez17, T Johnson1, J Joseph23, H Kagan15, M Karagounis2, R D Kass15, M Keil2, S Kersten24, P Kind24, J Klaiber-Lodewigs6, L Klingbeil2, R Klingenberg6, A Korn1, V V Kostyukhin7, I Kostyukhina7, O Krasel6, H Krüger2, K Krueger1, J Kudlaty6, T Kuhl2, O Kvasnicka17, K Lantzsch24, T Lari12, S L Latorre12, S C Lee20, T Lenz24, G Lenzen24, J Lepidis24, J Levêque11, M Leyton1, D Lopez Mateos4, K F Loureiro15, D Lüke6, L Luisa21,22, J Lys1, R J Madaras1, P Mättig24, F M Manca12, E Mandelli1, M Marcisovsky17, Z Marshall4, G Martinez2, L Masetti2, M Maß6, M Mathes2, R McKay10, G Meddeler1, R Meera-Lebbai16, C Meroni12, J Metcalfe14, W T Meyer10, D W Miller18, W Miller1, S Montesano12,13, M M Monti12, P Morettini7, J M Moss15, T Mouthuy11, P Nechaeva7, W Ockenfels2, G A Odino7,8, M Olcese7, B Osculati7,8, F Parodi7,8, A Pekedis1, K Perez4, I Peric2, C Pizzorno7, J Popule17, R Post1, F Ragusa12,13, A M Rahimi15, B Raith2, S Rajek6, K Reeves24, I Reisinger6, J D Richardson1, E I Rosenberg10, L P Rossi7, I Rottländer2, A R Rovani7, A Rozanov11, O Runolfsson2, E R Ruscino7, A F Saavedra1, F S Sabatini12, M Saleem16, S Sandvoss24, B Sanny24, L Santi21,22, M I Scherzer1, C Schiavi7,8, A Schreiner9, J Schultes24, A Schwartzman18, R Seibert19, S C Seidel14, H Severini16, S Shanava3, P Sicho17, P Skubic16, A C Smith1, D S Smith15, J Snow16, T Stahl19, T Stockmanns2, S Strandberg1, M Strauss16, D Ta2, F Tegenfeldt10, P K Teng20, R Ter-Antonyan15, J Thadome24, T Tic17, L Tomasek17, M Tomasek17, F Tomasi12, K Toms14, C Tran1, J Treis2, N Triplett10, C Troncon12, L Vacavant11, S Vahsen1, J Valenta17, G Vegni12,13, F Vernocchi7, E Vigeolas11, J Virzi1, E Viscione12, V Vrba17, J Walbersloh6, W Walkowiak19, J Weber6, T F Weber1, J Weingarten6, C Weldon1, N Wermes2, U Werthenbach19, J S Wirth1, R Witharm1, B Witt24, M Wittgen18, J Wuestenfeld6, R Wunstorf6, J Wyckoff1, W-M Yao1, C Young18, R Zaidan11, M Zdrazil1, F Zetti1, J Zhong20, M Ziolkowski19, G Zizka1 and M M Zoeller15

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The silicon pixel tracking system for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is described and the performance requirements are summarized. Detailed descriptions of the pixel detector electronics and the silicon sensors are given. The design, fabrication, assembly and performance of the pixel detector modules are presented. Data obtained from test beams as well as studies using cosmic rays are also discussed.

Keywords

Electronic detector readout concepts (solid-state)

Particle tracking detectors

Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics

PACS

29.40.Gx Tracking and position-sensitive detectors

29.40.Wk Solid-state detectors

29.85.-c Computer data analysis

07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

85.30.-z Semiconductor devices

84.30.-r Electronic circuits

Subjects

Accelerators, beams and electromagnetism

Electronics and devices

Semiconductors

Nuclear physics

Instrumentation and measurement

Particle physics and field theory

Dates

Issue 07 (July 2008)

Received 23 April 2008, accepted for publication 3 July 2008

Published 24 July 2008



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