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The International Conference on Applied Sciences Mathematics and Informatics (ICASMI) is an annual conference hosted by University of Lampung that brings together academics, scholars and researchers from around the world to meet and exchange the latest ideas and discuss issues concerning all fields of sciences, mathematics, informatics and their application. It also allows representatives of industry, government employers and postgraduate students to have an opportunity to discuss with experts on some issues they concern.

The theme for ICASMI 2018: "The Contribution of Sciences on Sustainable Valorization of Natural Resources" is to highlight the role of sciences tackling problems and creating synergies with other fields on sustainable valorization of natural resources. The conference will provide researchers and scientists from mathematics and computer science, researchers from various application areas such as physics, chemistry, life sciences, and engineering, as well as in education and social fields, to discuss problems and solutions in the area, to identify new issues, and to shape future directions for research.

We would like to acknowledge all of those who have supported ICASMI 2018. Each individual and institutional help were very important for the success of this conference. Especially we would like to thank the organizing committee for their valuable advices in the organization and helpful peer review of the papers.

We hope that ICASMI 2018 will be a forum for excellent discussions that will put forward new ideas and promote collaborative researches. We are sure that the proceedings will serve as an important research source of references and the knowledge, which will lead to not only scientific and engineering progress but also other new products and processes.

Dr. Junaidi, M.Sc.

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Both white and yellow corns (Zea mays var. indentata) fermented by Bifidobacterium brevis has potential use as fortificant of natural folic acid. This experiment activity aims to find out difference in characteristic between concentrate powder of white corn and yellow corn fermented by Bifidobacterium brevis subsequently through processes of nixtamalization with lime solution Ca(OH)₂, fermentation by B. brevis culture, microfiltration (MF) (pore size 0.15 µm) by means of standard dead-end stirred filtration cell (DESFC) at room temperature, rotation speed 300 rpm and 300 rpm, and trans membrane pressure (TMP) 20 and 40 psia for 30 minutes, respectively, and drying at 50 °C for 36 hours. The result of experiment showed that a series of processes mentioned above gave difference in characteristic from two types of biomass concentrate powder with compositions of folic acid 565.35 µg/mL and 614.92 µg/mL, total solids 96.60 mg/mL and 96.76 mg/mL, dissolved protein 0.19 mg/mL and 0.30 mg/mL, reducing sugars 1.718 mg/mL and 59.300 mg/mL, total sugars 2.54 mg/mL and 59.00 mg/mL, and total acid 0.29 % and 0.41%, respectively. In this condition, biomass concentrate powder of A and B displayed domination of folic acid monomer with molecular weight (MW) 442.07 Dalton (Da.) and 442,72 Da. at relative intensity 75 % and 100 %, particles size 1115.1 nm and 461.0 nm, and Index Particles 0.827 and 0.653, respectively.

Nixtamalized yellow and white corn from type of horse dent (Zea mays var. identata) fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) has potential use as source of natural folic acid. Fermentation uses four (4) types of corn inoculum expressed as inoculums A, B, C and D, i.e: Inoculum A (nixtamalized white corn, sucrosse 10% w/w, skim milk 10% w/w using inoculum L. acidophilus 30% fermented 8 hours), inoculum B (nixtamalized white corn without sucrosse and skim milk using inoculum Bif. brevis 30% fermented 24 hours), Inoculum C (nixtamalized yellow corn, sucrosse 10% w/w, skim milk 10% w/w with inoculum L. acidophilus 30% fermented 16 hours), and inoculum D(nixtamalized yellow corn, sucrosse 10% w/w, skim milk 10% w/w with inoculum Bif. brevis 30% fermented 8 hours). Fermentation was done at inoculum concentrations 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 % (v/w dissolved protein) and 37 °C for 24 hours. Result of experiment work showed that optimizations fermentation were reached by biomass B and biomass D at inoculum concentration 40 % with composition of folic acid 103.07 and 91.92 µg/mL, followed by particle sizes 987.4 and 762.8 nm, folic acid monomer with (MW) 443.70 and 442.96 (Da).

Three microalgae isolates from Wakatobi waters collected by LIPI have been cultivated, ie LIPI 13-2-AL018, LIPI 13-3-AL066, and LIPI 13-2-AL072. Furthermore, the isolates were grown to create a growth curve, this is to determine the harvest time of biomass. Each isolate had different biomass harvest times: LIPI 13-2-AL018 and LIPI 13-2-AL072 isolates were harvested on the 14^th day, while LIPI 13-2-AL066 on day 12. After harvesting, the biomass was dried, destroyed the cell wall with sonicator. Extraction of secondary metabolite compounds was performed using three types of solvents, namely: ethanol, ethanol + n-hexane (1: 1), and diethyl ether. Based on the results of inhibition testing of tyrosinase it was found that the biggest inhibition was derived from extract of LIPI-13-2-AL066 isolate, using ethanol-hexane solvent.

Synthesis of polyeugenol derivatives, copoly-eugenol-dialylphthalate (co-EDAF) through polymerization process between eugenol and diene compounds, dialyl phthalate (DAF) with boron triflouride diethyl ether (BF₃.O(C₂H₅) as catalyst have been developed. Synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, and TG-DTA. Furthermore, this compound was applied as a phenol transport carrier compound using the polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) method. The results showed that the co-EDAF compound has been successfully synthesized. The success parameters of the synthesis were indicated by the loss of the vinyl group (-CH = CH₂) in eugenol at wavenumber 995.27 cm⁻¹ and loss of allyl group at a wavenumber of 1636 cm⁻¹. The results also showed that co-EDAF can function as a carrier compound for transporting phenols and Pb (II) metals. Pb (II) metal transport is smaller compared to phenol transport.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have a great concern as apersistent organic pollutant in the aquatic environment due to their high toxicities, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Among various water treatment methods, adsorption could be a promising technique for removing organic pollutant from the aquatic environment. The present study proposes a low-cost activated carbon from rice husk and its potential as an adsorbent for removing PAHs (phenanthreneand fluoranthene) in the aquatic environment. Physical characterization of the activated carbon obtained was performed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). Effects of dose adsorbent, pH, and contact time on adsorption of PAHs have been investigated. SEM analysis showed that the adsorbent surface was irregular, rough, and highly porous structure. The FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of hydroxyl group at 3205 cm⁻¹ and carbonyl group at 1565 cm⁻¹. The result revealed that equilibrium time on phenanthrene and fluoranthene at pH 3is found to be 60 and 30 minutes, respectively. The study shows that activated carbon from rice husk has a future perspective of low-cost adsorbents which effectively removes PAHs from the aquatic environment.

Brown rice contains anthocyanin compounds. Anthocyanin is a natural pigment that gives red color to brown rice. Anthocyanin is an unstable compound, so it is necessary to optimize the extraction method to find out the proper extraction method in obtaining the largest anthocyanin level in brown rice. Optimization of extraction conducted in this study include solvent, addition of HCl and size of brown rice Measurement of levels in this study using the method of differential pH with visible spectrofotometer tool. The results showed that extraction using methanol-HCl solvent was the best extraction process. As for the size of rice particles does not affect the amount of extracted anthocyanins.

Microalgae oil can replace the role of fish and other vegetable oils. One of them is lipid in microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. This study aims to determine the composition of fatty acids in marine microalgae Chlorella vulgaris grown in fertilizer medium. Cultivation was carried out at room temperature, photoperiode 12:12 (dark: light); light intensity 10.000 lux and aerated for 24 hour. The optimum medium used was medium GMF fertilizer with concentration 10% (w/v). Lipid extraction used Blight-Dryer method with methanol, chloroform and aquadest as solvent. The lipid obtained was esterified by NaOH in methanol and H₂SO₄ as a catalyst for 12 hours and analyzed used GC-FID with capric acid as a standard. The analysis result shows that was 18 fatty acid methyl ester compounds. The highest known fatty acid methyl esters compositions was 61.52% methyl stearate; 15.52% methyl palmitate; 4,69% methyl eicosanoate and 3.34% methyl heptadecanoate from total fatty acids. The unsaturated fatty acids identified were 0.17%. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) also 0.23% omega 3 and omega 6. Microalgae grown in a fertilizer medium produce quite high lipids. Although the levels of unsaturated fatty acids are still low, it does not rule out the possibility of being increased.

Calibration of measurement systems using well-prepared calibration materials is an important means of making traceability in chemical measurements. Traceability is established through the use of measurement standards (such as certified reference materials) that are appropriate for each parameter. Pure substance certified reference materials such as elemental standard solutions are the most commonly used for calibration, called external calibrations using one, two or multiple standards. In this study, one-point calibration method has been applied for characterizing of Fe, Ni and Pb standard solutions. The results show that the concentration of the Fe, Ni and Pb standard solutions with their relative uncertainties were found to be 997.81 ± 6.34 mg/kg, 997.61 ± 8.10 mg/kg, 1004.29 ± 8.62 mg/kg, respectively.

Chromium(III) complexes have been known to increase insulin absorption and decrease glucose levels in the blood, so Cr(III) complexes can be used as an antidiabetic supplement especially for people with diabetes type 2. The experimentally Cr(III) complexes proven to decrease glucose level, but the role mechanism of Cr(III) complexes in the body until now there is no explain in detail. In this research, the interaction of Cr(III) phenylalanine [Cr(phe)₃] with protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) was studied by molecular docking. The aims this study was to identify the active site of PTP that binding with those Cr(III) phenylalanine. This research performed by computational calculations Hartree-Fock with basis set 6-31G, the interaction with PTP used the Autodock Vina software. The results showed that [Cr(phe)₃] interact with 5 amino acids of PTP, i.e Leu(13), Arg(18), Ser(94), Asp(129) and Tyr(131) with the interaction energy of -6,6 Kcal/mol. The results showed that the interaction Cr(III) phenylalanine with PTP indicate hydrogen bonding with bond leght from 1,8 Å to 2,9 Å.

Piperine was isolated from black pepper by soxhletation method using technical grade ethanol as a solvent. This compound was used as precursor for the synthesis of 4-piperoilmorpholine. The synthesis was carried out via a pre-target piperoilchloride, where the piperine was initially hydrolyzed using KOH ethanolate for 24 hours, added SOCl₂ and then mixed with morpholine at 0-5° C. The result of synthesis was obtained 4-piperoilmorpholine with yield of 40,80%.

Jernang is obtained from rattan sap which contains resin in the world known as dragon's blood with the Latin name daemonorops draco BL, the resin produced is red, jernang is antibacterial, the secondary metabolic content of flavonoids and triterpenoids, resin obtained by maceration using ethanol organic solvents technical. Methods: making liquid wound medicine using base resin, ethanol and propylene glycol with 10% clear formulation, 50% ethanol and 50% propylene glycol. The results obtained by liquid wound medicine with pH 6, clear solubility dissolved in organic solvents ethanol and propylene glycol, viscosity is not measurable. There was no irritation and the wound healed completely without any scars on the skin

This paper reports the potency study of organotin(IV) 3-nitrobenzoate as antimalarial agent. The organotin(IV) 3-nitrobenzoate compounds were synthesized by reacting the intermediate products dibutyltin(IV) oxide, diphenyltin(IV) dihydroxide and triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide, with 3-nitrobenzoic acid. The antimalarial activity study was performed against Plasmodium falcifarum and the result of IC₅₀ of the three compounds tested, i.e. dibutyltin(IV) di-3-nitrobenzoate, diphenyltinIV) di-3-nitrobenzoate and triphenyltin(IV) 3-nitrobenzoate were 8.1 x 10⁻³, 5.2 x 10⁻² and 7.2 x 10⁻³ µg/mL, respectively, while the the chloroquine gave IC₅₀ 2 x 10⁻³ µg/mL). The IC₅₀ of the compounds tested were little bit higher than the positive control, however these organotin(IV) compounds synthesized are not resistent to Plasmodium, thus the possible development as antimalarial agent is widely opened.

In this research, co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and rubber seed oil using zeolite-Y as catalyst was carried out, with the main purpose to study the effect of raw material compositions on chemical composition of liquid fuel produced. For this purpose, the mixture of sugarcane bagasse and rubber seed oil with different mass ratios of bagasse to oil of 1 : 1; 1: 2; 1: 3: and 1: 4 was subjected to pyrolysis at 450 ° C in the presence of zeolite-Y as catalyst, and the liquid fuels were analyzed by GC-MS. The results show that liquid fuel contains hydrocarbons as main components, with several additional components include alcohols, esters, ketones, aldehydes, and acids. The liquid fuel produced from the raw material with the ratio of 1 : 3 was found to contain hydrocarbon with the highest relative percentage (87.91%), and consists of gasoline fraction (42.60%), kerosene fraction (43.59%), and residual fraction (1.72%).

This paper deals with short review about the application of organotin(IV) compounds. The discovery of bacterial resistance to antibiotics drew the attention of chemists to discover new types of chemical compounds that have the antibacterial activity to overcome the resistance. Increased antibiotic resistance is a consequence of the evolution and adaptation of microbes, caused by excessive anthropogenic antibiotic consumption. Increased cases of bacterial resistance will be a bigger problem if not treated with the discovery of new antibiotics. The discovery of medicinal chemicals may contribute to the advancement of treatment, especially antibiotic resistant. Organotin(IV) compounds are part of organometallic compounds that have been studied their pharmacological effects on several types of bacteria. The derivatives of organotin(IV) benzoate compounds proven to have biological activity against some types of bacteria. The type and structure of the ligand in the compound derivative of organotin(IV) benzoate gives the influence of different biological activity against bacteria.

In this research, sol-gel process was applied to synthesize zeolite-A from rice husk silica and aluminum metal. For preparation of the zeolite, the specified amount of rice husk silica and aluminum metal was separately dissolved in NaOH solution, and both solutions were transfered in to a laboratory mixture for complete mixing and production of gel. The gel was converted into solid zeolite precursor by oven drying of the gel for 24 hours. The precursor was transformed into zeolite by subjecting to different calcination temperatures, and then characterized using different techniques. The zeolites were also tested as catalyst for transesterification of Ricinius communis oil. Development of structure of the zeolite was confirmed using FTIR and XRD techniques analyses, while SEM analysis revealed the characteristic of the samples as porous and multiphasic materials. The zeolites were found to exhibit good catalytic activity as revealed by the results of transesterification of Ricinius communis oil. Appreciable catalytic activities were also demonstrated by the reaction yields achieved which are in the range of 68 to 82%.

The research's aims are to calculate the absorbance and the thickness value of the silver (Ag) thin layer formed on the glass substrate (SiO₂) at various visible wavelengths. The silver (Ag) thin layer was formed using Direct Current Sputtering method. The research showed that the highest absorbance value on the glass (SiO₂) substrate was 4.000 with wavelengths 287.50 nm. While, the lowest absorbance value on the glass (SiO₂) substrate was -4.000 with wavelengths 262.50 nm and 243 nm. The lowest absorbance value is estimated because of the part of the substrate that has not been completely coated so that the part is not absorbed at all. Using Swanepoel equation we obtained the thickness value of the thin layer equal to 4.692663316 nm with sputtering time of 15 minutes.

The electrical characterization research of electrochemical cell based seawater by using electroplating Cu-Zn electrode with Ag (Cu (Ag)-Zn) has been done. Measurement data is performed to determine the voltage at no load and with the 12 V 3W LED and lumination load. The measurement results were compared with electrochemical cells using Cu-Zn Electrodes without electroplating. Sea water that has been used has a salinity level of 3.5% which has three times the screening process. Measurement data has been taken every hour for 72 hours by refilling sea water every 24 hours. The average voltage drop for electrodes without electroplating is 0.03%, whereas for electrodes with electroplating is 0.01%. The lumination difference is up to 72 hours which is 4 times brighter than Cu-Zn without electroplating process.

In this study, we have successfully developed a flow rate and volume control system based on Arduino. This system consists of a container containing liquid, dc motor, keypad, and Arduino UNO that serves as a controller. The principle of this system is to control pulse width modulation (PWM) and delay time of dc motor using Arduino. This fluid flow and volume rate control system aims to control how much the fluid volume enters a chamber for mixing the solution. This system has an accuracy rate of 0.5 ml and has a measurement range of up to 100 ml for one process. For forward, the system will be applied to the medical as a substitute for syringe pump and research laboratory for controlling the manufacture of solutions on the synthesis of nanomaterials, especially silver nanowires.

It has been realized an instrument for measuring cassava starch content digitally based on specific gravity method. The instrument is designed using strain gauge, which packing in load cell as a mass sensor, HX711 (Analog to Digital Converter), Arduino Uno as a data processor, LCD, and personal computer. The principles of this instrument are using specific gravity method, which is based on differences of cassava mass in the air and the water. Cassava starch content calculated by Arduino using Sungzikaw equation and displayed in LCD screen. The result showed that the instrument capable measure cassava starch content with the maximum capacity of 2,0 kg and average percentage error of less than 1,5 %.

In this paper, we report our investigation effect of concentration of silver nanowires (AgNWs) solution on the AgNWs thin films coated onto a glass substrate by simple Meyer-rod coating. Diameter and length of AgNWs have used about 120 nm and 20 to 30 µm, respectively. Concentration of AgNWs were variated of 186 mg/ml, 210 mg/ml, and 223 mg/ml in ethanol solution. AgNWs thin films then were heated at temperature 90 °C for 20 min. The UV-vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and four-point-probe were employed to characterize the AgNWs thin films. The result shows that concentration of AgNWs solution affects on the transmittance and a sheet resistance of the AgNWs thin films. The transmittance at the wavelength of 550 nm is obtained 94.5% by a sheet resistance about 1.2 Ω/sq. The higher concentration of AgNWs solution can decrease the sheet resistance and the transparency of the AgNWs thin films.

It has been proved that Pt₈₀Au₁₄Ti₆ can give proper signals as a CO sensitive layer in air at room temperature. Unfortunately, there is no signal anymore from this sample, if it is kept in air more than 24 hours. To overcome this problem, we carried out dry etching technic. The atmosphere testing also has been done in technic etcher chamber by keeping the samples separately in Ar, N₂, CO, and O₂ with pressure 1 atm for 24 hours without taking out the samples after etching process from the chamber. These experiments found that oxygen causes this loss signal problem. Oxygen can diffuse up to 170 Angstrom under the Pt surface to be subsurface oxygen. This diffusion changes the surface structure of Pt(100)(1x1) to hex-Pt(100) which impacts the attenuating of the initial sticking coefficient of gases. Simulations which have been conducted in this research produced the attenuating factor, i.e., 1 − 0.00585 exp (5.76664O_sub), where O_sub is the concentration of subsurface oxygen.

Mammals biodiversity have been observed based on camera trap in Resort Balik Bukit and Balai Kencana. This research to know the diversity of mammals in Balik Bukit and Balai Kencana Resort, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, under the program and collaboration with WWF Indonesia Southern Sumatera Program. A total of 36 units of camera traps mounted randomly on 31 grid cells (2x2). Photos and videos data sorted manually based on the species of animals found and processed using the Advanced Renamer Application, Karen Directory Printer, Ms. Excel and ArcGIS. There are 23 species of mammals (13 families, N=3756). The most common animals were red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) (n=356) and pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) (n=346), while the fewest were siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus), banded linsang (Prionodon linsang), sunda stink-badger (Mydaus javanensis) and short-tailed mongoose (Herpestes brachyurus) (n=1).

SMART is new aplication developed to measure, evaluate, an improve effectivity of monitoring and activity of conservation based of location. The research be held on march-april 2018, in Resort Way Nipah Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), under program and collaboration with WWF-Indonesia Southern Sumatran Program. This research to understand effort security conservation area with SMART Patrol in Resort Way Nipah Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. In this research use data patrol period July 2015-July 2017 as discussion material. Data devided into some groups (data series) consists of 4 groups is group 1 (period patrol September-December 2015), group 2 (period patrol March-June 2016), group 3 (period patrol September-December 2016) and group 4 (period patrol March-June 2017). High threat findings in period patrol March-June 2016 and 2017, while low threat findings in period patrol September-Desember 2015 and 2016. Wild animal findings increased in 3 first period and decreased in fourth period. Resort Way Nipah had over land function as plantation of coffee (Coffea sp), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), peper (Piper nigrum) and banana (Musa paradisiaca). Has been identified 25 species wild animal findings in Resort Way Nipah based on direct findings and indirect findings. Based on 25 species wild animal has identified, divided based on conservation status is Least Concern (9 species) Near Threatnes (4 species) Vulnerable (4 species) Endangered (5 species) and Critically Endangered (3 species).

Limestone mining activities at PT Semen Baturaja Tbk in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency of South Sumatera Province is conducted on an open quarry mining system. Limestone is the main raw material needed in the manufacture of cement in PT Semen Baturaja Tbk. Open-pit mining activities at the end of their activities will leave ex-mining land. The ex-mining land must be used for the mining environment remains sustainable. The ex-mining land can be used for various purposes such as rubber plantations, oil palm plantations, teak forests, pine forests, fruit orchards, and others. The former land of limestone mine of PT Semen Baturaja Tbk as stated in its post mine plan document, one of which is for rubber plantation. The research uses a survey method. The purpose of this research to assess the technical utilization of limestone mined land PT Semen Baturaja Tbk for rubber plantations for sustainable mining environment. The results are expected to benefit stakeholders, academics, researchers, practitioners and mining associations, and the environment.

Sriwijaya University is one of the state universities located on the island of Sumatra, precisely in south Sumatra. It has 10 Faculties, and one of them is faculty of Computer Science (Fasilkom). As one of the best universities with A accreditation, Sriwijaya University always improves the learning system to make it easier for academic community to do teaching and learning process to be more effective and efficient. Therefore, its faculty of Computer Science also applies the learning process using e-learning. That is why we need a method of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to analyze the level of student acceptance of the implementation of e-learning because with the e-learning, lecturers, students and employees in Fasilkom can conduct the learning process more easily and quickly. In addition, with the implementation of e-learning, students and lecturers can do the teaching-learning process without having face-to-face sessions in the classroom. The students can also directly interact and discuss each other in terms of group work.

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) contains vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, fiber, and enzymes that are useful for digestion. Storage after harvest is usually done for trading needs. The length of storage will affect glucose and vitamin C levels contained in it. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in glucose and vitamin C levels with different storage times. The method in this study is descriptive quantitative. Samples of C. papaya L. were obtained from farm farmers in Wayharong village, Waylima sub-district, Pesawaran district. This study consisted of 2 treatments, 3 days and 6 days of storage, each of which was 3 repetitions. Glucose levels were measured using the Luff Schoorl titration method. While the determination of vitamin C levels uses the iodine titration method. The results of the study data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by the LSD test at 5% level. The results showed differences in storage time with glucose levels increased compared to controls, with the highest increase of 7.23% in the storage period of 6 days. The storage duration also caused an increase in vitamin C levels. The highest storage time of 3 days was 16.88 mL / 100 gr.

Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Anticancer drugs therapy cause unwanted side effects problems that occur when treatment affects healthy tissues or organs. It is quite essential to find potential herbal as alternative cancer treatments. Glycoalkaloid (β2-solanin), solamargin, solasodine, dan solasonin of Solanum nigrum L. are potentially inhibit proliferation of leukemia and tumor cell: hepatic, intestinal, breast and cervic. On the other hand, kombucha as symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) has ability to increase activity of substrate by fermentation process. Objective: To determine cytotoxicity activity of n-hexane fruits extract of Solanum nigrum L. against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line after fermented by kombucha. Method: n-hexane fruits extract of Solanum nigrum L. was fermented for eight days at 25 ºC with 20% of combucha and addition of 20% of sucrose. Citotoxic activity was performed by using MTT(3-(4,5-dimethyltiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Phytochemical of n-hexane extract was analyzed by GC-MS. Total acid and total phenol were characterized quantitatively. Results: IC₅₀ of n-hexane fruits extract and fermentation product were 544,30 ppm and 1386,39 ppm, respectively. Flavonoids and steroids were identified from the extract and GC-MS shown seven compounds have been extracted from n-hexane fraction. Conclusion: condition of kombucha fermentation required optimization to improve cytotoxic activity of n-hexane fruits extract of Solanum nigrum L. against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

Tapioca industry is one type of industry that produces liquid waste that can cause pollution if not managed properly. To solve this problem, tapioca liquid waste can be utilized to produce organic nutrients for plants. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of tapioca liquid waste on the growth of Ipomoea reptans Poir. using floatingraft hydroponic technique. The results of this research showed that tapioca liquid waste affects of the growth of Ipomoea reptans Poir. However, the growth of plants treated with tapioca liquid waste is no better than those given by AB-Mix that commercially used by farmers.

DNA extraction procedures may exhibit different levels of sensitivity. A preliminary effort to obtain DNA from captive Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Elephant Training Center Way Kambas National Park, Lampung for building their molecular individual identification was done. DNA of 30 male and 23 female captive elephants' blood samples was extracted by QIAGEN. Qualitative analysis of DNA extraction of captive elephant was conducted using two methods, simple electrophoresis and electrophoresis based on PCR product. The aim of this project is to compare those two methods of qualitative analysis of DNA extraction. The first method used 1% agarose gel electrophoresis in the TAE buffer (Tris-Acetate-EDTA), while the second method used Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique with Glyseraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) primer. The simple electrophoresis showed 41.5 % positive samples, while the second method showed 86.7% positive samples. The electrophoresis based on PCR product exhibited more sensitivity to detect the DNA from blood of each captive elephant.

Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourses (DOTS) is a tuberculosis disease program that has been implemented worldwide since 1995. Prevalenve of Tuberculosis has started to decrease but since then there was a new phenomenon of the resistant Tuberculosis or Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB). Indonesia is now a country with a high burden of MDR TB in the world. MDR TB is resistance to Anti Tuberculosis drug that is type Isoniasid and Rifampisin. Usually the cause of resistance is irregularity of taking medication. It is now known that Tuberculosis drug resistance is not only caused by inadequate or failed treatment but also due to the emergence of resistant strains transmitted by MDR TB sufferers. Resistant strains arising from changes or mutations in certain genes in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome include rpoB gene and katG gene which are the work targets of Anti Tuberculosis Drugs. This resistance mechanism is strongly associated with the occurrence of a number of changes in the structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops resistance mechanisms that are different from other bacteria in general. Therefore this paper is expected to help understanding the genomic changes that occur in the mechanism of resistance Tuberculosis.

This study aims to describe the critical thinking skills in students of XI (eleventh) grade. The type of this research was descriptive. This research was carried out on students of XI grade (N = 108) by working on tests of critical thinking skills with instruments adapted from Facione including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, explanation, conclusion, and self-regulation. The results showed that students' critical thinking skills in interpretation were in the high category 77%, while in analysis was 46%, evaluation was 51%, explanation was 45%, conclusion was 54%, and self-regulation was 57%, which were classified as low category. For an average of all indicators, it was 55%. The conclusion of this study showed that students' critical thinking skills were still in the low category, so that the development was needed in the learning process to be able to improve several indicators of critical thinking skills.

This research was conducted to find out the students' initial skills in empowering argumentation skills in biological learning in Senior High School students. The data to obtain the initial ability of students in the argumentation was drawn from written tests consisted of 2 questions that referred to the argumentation aspect indicator. Data analysis was done in a descriptive manner. This study involved all XII grade students of Mathematic-Science (MIA) program at one school in the Surakarta area. The results showed that students' argumentation skills were still dominated in giving claims and reasons only, while students were still lacking in providing evidence and rebuttal. From this study, it was seen that students had difficulty in developing scientific argumentation skills because they experienced confusion in determining argumentation content. Thus, students needed teacher guidance in the process of arguing. Students' argumentation skills were still lacking in training. Therefore, students needed to be empowered again.

The locating-chromatic number of a graph combined two graph concept, coloring vertices and partition dimension of a graph. The locating-chromatic number, denoted by χ_L(G), is the smallest k such that G has a locating k-coloring. In this paper, we discuss the locating-chromatic number for certain operation of generalized Petersen graphs sP(4,2).

Given a graph G(V,E), where V is the set of vertices and E is the set of edges connecting vertices in V, and for every edge e_ij there is an associated weight c_ij ≥0, The Multi Period Degree Constrained Minimum Spanning Tree (MPDCMST) is a problem of finding an MST while also considering the degree constrained on every vertex, and satisfying vertices installation on every period. The restriction on the vertex installation is needed due to some conditions such as fund limitation, harsh weather, and so on. In this research some algorithms developed to solve the MPDCMST Problem will be discussed and compared.

In this paper we discuss the locating chromatic number of a disconnected graph, namely a disjoint union of some double stars. To determine the locating-chromatic number of a graph, first we construct the upper bound of the number and observe the minimum coloring used. Then, to determine the lower bound of the number, we use the trivial lower bound for some leaves which incident to one vertex. Two main theorems about the locating chromatic number of a disjoint union of some double stars. We obtained some original results of the locating chromatic number of disjoint union of some double stars. Moreover, we can generalize the graph such that the locating chromatic number remains the same with the previous one.

Distribution of Survival Analysis categorized in three functions those are: survival function, probability density function, and hazard rate function. Hazard rate function is used to analyze extreme value from a probability model of a distribution. One of the interesting distributions is log-normal distribution which is used for modeling of maintenance of a system. To analyze characteristics of hazard rate function of log-normal distribution, the Glaser method approach is used. The results are log-normal distribution have three hazard rate patterns those are increasing, decreasing or upside-down bathtub (∩).

This paper investigates the projection on the population of Bandar Lampung City in 2017 - 2030 through a mathematical modeling approach. Here, we use four growth mathematical models particularly simple linear regression model, exponential model, logistic model and demographic transition model. The best approximation is chosen based on the smallest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value of the four models compared to the actual data. By using population data from 1995 - 2011, the results show that the model which gives the smallest MAPE is exponential model and the largest MAPE is demographic transition model.

Milne-Simpson method and Hamming method are a numerical method that can be applied in the calculation of population prediction in the future as a reference government in building an area. Beginning with the calculation of growth rates with logistic equations then processed into the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The recalculation process continues to search for the smallest error between the Milne-Simpson method and the Hamming method. Error calculation is done with population growth rate 5.2% with step size h = 1 and capacity of Bandar Lampung city 1.500.000 soul. Numerical solutions show population growth annually and Milne-Simpson method is the best method seen from the smaller error than the Hamming method error.

Small area estimation is defined as a statistical technique to estimate small sub population of a certain area. There are several method of small area including Empirical Bayes (EB), Hierarchical Bayes (HB) and Empirical Best Linear Unbiassed Prediction (EBLUP). EB method is one of methods in small area estimation for count or binary data. Estimation with EB method is based on posterior which its parameter is estimated by data. One application of EB method for binary data is Beta-Bernoulli Model. In this study, Mean Squared Error (MSE) of the EB estimator was evaluated by Bootstrap method by theory and empirical though simulation by using Ri386 3.4.3 software. The results of this study showed that EB estimator is biased, and the Bootstrap MSE becomes smaller when the amount of areas get greater.

Dynamics of oxidation reaction using reverse flow reactor (RFR) are given by a set of convection - diffusion equations that containing the non-linear term corresponding to the reaction rate and provided with certain initial and boundary conditions. In this paper, we investigate the dynamic profiles of temperature and feed concentration on oxidation process using numerical simulation approach. Here we assume the process satisfies 1-D pseudo-homogeneous model and the feed gas form is square wave function. Several different operation parameters have simulated to see the influence towards temperature and feed concentration profile. The results show that period function, small switching time, medium gas velocity and small specific reactor wall surface will make the reactor operated longer.

Encryption-decryption algorithm using a mapping can be done for encoding a digital text, such as two dimensional mapping ΔΔ-sine Gordon equation. In this article, we will be given an encryption-decryption algorithm to a digital text through a three dimensional mapping that derived from the generalized ΔΔ-mKdV equation. Implementation of Encryption-decryption algorithm in this article using MATHEMATICA.

The main purposes of this study is to asses on comparison of parameter estimation methods of the Pareto distribution. The estimation methods include moment, maximum likelihood estimation, probabilityweightedmoment, and generalizedmoment methods. Based on unbiasness, variance, and consistency properties, the results demonstrate that in estimating parameters of the Pareto distribution, the maximum likelihood method is the one of the best estimation methods.

A connected graph is a graph where there exists at least a path joining every pair of the vertices in the graph, and a graph is called simple if that graph containing no loops nor parallel edges. Given a graph G (V, E) with n vertices and m edges, there are a lot of graph that can be formed, either connected or disconnected, or simple or not simple. In this paper we will discuss the number of connected vertex labelled graph of order five (n=5) and 4 ≤ m ≤ 10, with maximum number of parallel edges that connecting different pairs of vertices is five (the parallel edges that connecting the same pair of vertices are counted as one).

Bali is one of many small island in Indonesia and referred as "The Island of Gods". Bali has varieties of tourist destination e.g. art villages, ecotourism, historical building, spiritual tourism and temples. Dijkstra's algorithm is an algorithm that used to be solution in finding shortest path problem. It can be use to find the shortest route between one tourist destination and all other tourist destinations. Hence, we use dijkstra's algorithm to find shortest path of tourist destination in Bali. There are top ten tourist destinations that has been used in this paper Tanah Lot, Uluwatu, Ulun Danu Beratan, Kebun Raya Eka Karya, Penelokan Batur, Tirta Empul, Taman Ayun, Bali Safari and Marine Park, Goa Gajah and Bali Zoo Park.

Aims of this study is to make an application to detect Balinese batik that has an etnomatematics elements using backpropagation method and to observe etnomatematics elements on Balinese batik. This study using qualitative descriptive methods with ethnographical approach, literature study, and expert study on etnomatematics issues. This paper shows that in typical Balinese batik there are several elements in the transformation of mathematics that are translation, reflection, rotation, while in other batik shows dilation elements In addition from the ethnography there are elements of spiritual and distinctiveness of the Balinese society that upholds local culture values.

The aim of this research is knowing whether instrument is feasible or no to get data of research. The instrument of this study is a questionnaire learning style with 66 items consisting of 22 points of statement for each questionnaire of visual, auditorial, and kinesthetic learning styles and learning creativity consists of 48 items. The feasibility test instrument learning style and learning creativity consists of validation, consistency internal, and reliability. Meanwhile, to test the feasibility a used the validity of the contents of the questionnaire. Validator for both questionnaires is expert judgment. There were 60 students as respondents who tested the learning style questionnaire instrument and 64 students as respondents who tested the questionnaire instrument of learning creativity. After undergone a try an instrument learning style there are 45 items that qualified, with 15 items of statement for each of the study visual, auditorial, and a kinesthetic while chief creativity study in get 35 items that qualified based on testing and some revisions of expert judgment.

Wind power prediction with original data that has a nonstationary pattern and randomness becomes a major problem when the data is used for the preparation of the generation. Especially the wind power directly connected to the network. In this research, we proposed wavelet decomposition model and support vector machine (WD-SVM) to predict the power scale of wind power in Pandansimo wind farm. Time series data that is built in interval of 1 hour mean in 24 formed day data. The data is parsed using WD that generates the IMF component. The output of the WD model is reprocessed using the SVM model to do the clustering process which the outputs are the scale of selected wind power strength in 1 month approaching the historical data of measurement. Finally after going through the experiment, obtained the data prediction scale of wind power strength that has a high accuracy near the actual conditions. The WD-SVM hybrid model provides a smaller error than the predicted model of NN and WD-NN.

One of the essential phases in software development processes is user requirements identification, commonly using qualitative methods. The Social Application of Information Technology is an implementation of information technology in social related aspects, such as Knowledge Sharing System. In the Social Application of Information Technology, besides elements of functionality but also the accuracy and representativeness of the users' needs and requirements are important factors. In this study, a quantitative method with Structural Equation Modeling technique was utilized rather than commonly using qualitative methods, in identifying the users' requirements in the software development of Knowledge Sharing System. Theory of Planned Behavior was used as basic theory. Data collected using questioners, and the sample distribution planned with 95% level of confidence. Samples selected randomly totaled 82 people from members of the AISEC, Sriwijaya University, Palembang. By counting all hypotheses those were related to the basic theory, results shown that the quantitative method with Structural Equation Modeling technique can be used to identify user needs in an effective, accurate, and precise significant representativeness.

Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) is known one of the important industrial sectors worldwide. It includes household and personal care products as well as processed foods and beverages. Because of the tight competition company must develop good marketing strategies. So, it is important for the company to know customer loyalty and also to predict the income as reference in company development planning. Data mining now is becoming popular technique for predicting customer loyalty. One of the well known data mining strategies is retaining customer's strategy. In this paper, we would present a new model for predicting customer loyalty. The model is based on Dynamic Mutual Information and Support Vector Machine (DMI-SVM) to identify the relevant factors that affect the performance of the classification of customer loyalty. The comparison of two classification methods and several selected features is given to show the effectiveness of the methods. We validated the model by 10-fold cross validation method. Classification accuracy, precision, recall and f-measure are used to evaluate classifier performance on a test/hold-out sample. A result in this paper is shown that SVM method gives better performance accuracy than Naïve Bayes.

Companies must have a strong competitive strategy in the market in meeting customer needs, it is necessary an information system that applies the method of customer relationship management. Target for this research were SMEs Tapis in Lampung Indonesia. Tapis Lampung is one of the clothes used in Lampung Indonesia culture. Tapis Lampung must be introduced and disseminated, not only in Indonesia, but in overseas. Problem in this study is product orders are still coming directly to the location and via telephone, as well as product marketing through Instagram media. Orders are recorded in the book, so that data processing is less effective and efficient. There is no consumer database to see the number of existing customers, do not yet have communication and service good to consumers. The purpose of this study is to produce an information system application program using web-based E-crm method which is a strategy to increase sales, expand marketing and improve services to consumers. The application of web-based CRM methods in Tapis Lampung SMEs is important so that they can open sales opportunities globally, and have a good relationship with consumers because they can provide services to consumers that are more effective and efficient.

Mothers and children are family members who need priority in the context of the implementation of health services. Therefore, efforts to improve maternal and child health are of particular concern. Assessment of maternal health status and performance of health services is important to monitor (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2014). On the other hand, complications in the health of pregnant women, infants and toddlers are still common, so more effort is needed in handling them. Based on the 2012 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still high, amount 359 / 100,000 live births. Maternal, infant and child mortality rates are still high, one of which is caused by a lack of attention to health when pregnant or improper handling when symptoms of certain diseases arise. In this study, an expert system application was built to help mothers during pregnancy, suppressing MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate,) by making mothers understand their condition and understanding various complications of pregnancy. In addition, this application can help early detect symptoms of diseases for infants and toddlers so that it can help users to prepare everything related to disease management. This application is called "KASIH IBU" and is built on a mobile basis. The mobile base was chosen because currently mobile devices have been widely used by the community, especially mothers.

This study aims to determine the effect of mixing of fermented feed ingredients with EM4 on feed consumption, body weight gain, feed covers, and income over feed cost. The materials were 40 Mojosari male ducks, commercial feed plus mixed feed ingredients of oil palm carnel cake, cassava sludge, and rice bran (80:10:10). Experimented is arranged in Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were T0 (100% commercial feed), T1 (95% commercial feed + 5% fermented local feed mixed), T2 (90% commercial feed + 10% fermented local feed mixed), T3 (85% commercial feed + 15% fermented local feed mixed), and T4 (80% commercial feed + 20% fermented local feed mixed). Analysis of variance were conducted followed by Turkey test. The result showed that fermented local feed mixed until 20% in commercial feed has no negative effect (P>0,05) on feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and income over feed cost. The treatment of fermented local feed mixed was safe for Mojosari male duck.

Jambi Education Office, is a government institution located in the city of Jambi which is one of the government institutions engaged in education. It serves all existing schools in Jambi. In the process of selecting the best schools, there are many obstacles facing the educators; the condition of the building and the facilities at the school. This happens because of the number of schools located in Jambi. Therefore, not all schools will be the best schools; only those which meet the criteria will be the best school. It can be done by through the processing of decision support system using a method called Simple Additive Weighting. This system can be used to determine which schools are eligible to be the best schools in Jambi. The utilization of decision support system with Simple Additive Weighting method can determine the weight value for each attribute, then proceed with a ranking process that will select the best alternative from a number of alternatives. In this case, the intended alternative is the right ones to become the best schools based on the specified criteria.

Quality measurement needs to be done to determine the level of quality possessed by the system. Quality of Service is a measurement method issued by the European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI). All activities at AMIK DCC utilize internet facilities, such as teaching and learning activities, administrative activities, student unit activities, and libraries. Because to support all these activities need a good and reliable of network. Some students complained about the lack of satisfaction of the internet network on campus. this research will analyze the Quality of Service internet network both wired or wireless in AMIK DCC Building by using Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). The data obtained will then be processed for analyzed throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter to know how the quality of internet services. Based on the measurement, the results obtained that the throughputis 79%, the packet loss under 5%, the delay is below 175 ms and the jitter at 1%. From the results of research, it can be concluded that the Quality Of Service internet network in AMIK DCC included in the category satisfactory by TIPHON standards, but need to add repeaters to defeat the Internet network coverage for every floor and room.

Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a contract between a service provider and a service consumer. It consists of quality of service (QoS) property and the business properties. In a business environment using Software as a Service (SaaS), SLA and QoS play an essential role in their promising service performance. In this case, the attributes of QoS specified in SLA should show the non-functional attributes of a web service; yet, there, so far, have not been any QoS statement in web service definition language (WSDL) file. This research proposes the selection of SaaS ERP based on the semantic SLA developed using ontology. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is employed to establish the rank of a tenant's SLA. Subsequently, to create the rank of SLA which has the same AHP scores, the weighted tree algorithm is used. The results show that the combined method (AHP-Ontology) can provide precision reaching at 0.792, better recall at 0.795 and better f-measure at 0.793. Also, the best accuracy result through this method can reach 86.23%, better than AHP-Euclidean method - only reaching the best accuracy level at 59.03%.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is one of a great contributor for Indonesian economy, but there are still many MSME actors who have difficulties in developing their business due to lack of knowledge about the use of technology to promote their products. On the other hand, the government also has difficulty obtaining MSME data because MSME actors are not all cooperative. This research offers a solution of the problems that have been described previously by developing Mobile Based Geographic Information System for Mapping Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. It is expected to help not only MSME actors to promote their products but also the government to collecting data. In addition, this system is also expected to assist users in obtaining information along with the location of MSME. This research has successfully generate Mobile Based Geographic Information System for Mapping Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises by using Android platform. System testing result shows that Mobile Based Geographic Information System for Mapping Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises has been successfully built and match the expected requirements.

Alumni are a product from institutions of higher learning as well as The University of Sriwijaya. Alumni can act as ambassadors who reflect their quality of the particular Department of Information System, Faculty of Computer Science UNSRI for the wider society. By empowering a good alumni, it certainly enhances a good image of alma mater in the society. Therefore, a communication medium or platform is needed to keep brotherly relationship strong and strengthen it with the alumni, and also to give quite widespread opportunities in an open collaboration. Collaboration may include jobs, internships, graduate offerings, promotions and event informations. Geographic information system (GIS) can be used to build a system for mapping alumni of Information System Departmen, Faculty of Computer Science, Sriwijaya University, so it can find out where they work, and integrate a various system, data, and information that its creation is in the form of web using PHP programming language and MySQL database. System development method used is FAST (Framework for the Application of the System Thinking).

The presence of online transport applications that allow transportation services can be booked and paid online has been rife in Indonesia, especially major cities since 2015. One of the transportation that can be ordered online is a taxi. Two major operators are Go-Jek and Grab. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the acceptance and use of online taxi in Bandar Lampung based on UTAUT and UTAUT2 models. The object of this research is the customer and driver from Go-Car and GrabCar. The result of the research indicates that at research on customers using UTAUT2, almost all variables affect the acceptance and use of an online taxi, except price value that does not affect the acceptance and use of online taxi Go-Car. Furthermore, research on the driver using UTAUT with the variables of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence have a positive effect to acceptance and use of Go-Car online taxi application, while the facilitating condition variable does not affect. On the other side, only social influence variables that affect the use and acceptance of the GrabCar, while the other three variables do not affect. So in general, although both companies are rival, they have their customer segmentation.

The competitiveness of an organization depends on IT governance because it enables organizations to optimize the benefits of implementing IT. The process of IT governance in the university's answer to the needs of the organization which will guarantee the certainty of value creation of information technology as well as an assurance of the return of information technology investments that have been invested. Currently, IT governance and implementation at the University of Lampung has been run fairly well, but there are some steep obstacles in its business processes. COBIT 5 is a standard for IT governance processes that can help an organization to manage, develop, and retain its assets. In this study, an information technology governance audit was conducted based on the focal framework of COBIT 5 EDM domains with case studies at the University of Lampung. Data collection methods used are data analysis, interviews, and questionnaires. From the audit process, it was found that Lampung University's ability to manage information technology at EDM generally focuses on level 4, but the achievement in each process has not been fulfilled yet and has not achieved the expected results by University of Lampung.

Batik is a famous name of a traditional fabric from Java. It has been admitted as one if the traditional cultural heritage of Indonesia by UNESCO since October 2^nd, 2009. Over the time, Batik is copied and modified by many regions in Indonesia resulting some new unique motifs. Batik Lampung is an sample of them. This paper deals with the k-Nearest Neighbor classification of the motifs (pattern) of the Batik Lampung. The known motifs of Batik Lampung consist of Jung Agung, Siger Kembang Cengkih, Siger Ratu Agung, and Sembagi. The original image samples are stored in RGB. They are firstly resized into 50 x 50 pixels and then converted to grayscale image. To recognize them, the Gray Level Co-Occurence Matrix (GLCM) feature is extracted and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) with values of k = 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and orientation angle of 0⁰ 45⁰, 90⁰, 135⁰ is applied to classify the motifs. The best accuracy is achieved at the rate 97,96% for k = 7 and angle135⁰.

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Culture Organization (UNESCO) has recognized batik cloth is one of the world cultural heritage that originated from Indonesia, exactly on October 2, 2009. Batik in Indonesia has a motive that many, varied and almost every motive of batik various regions have similar motives, but if viewed in more detail batik cloth from different regions are not the same. Certain people who have expertise and knowledge in the field of batik that can distinguish batik motive from various regions. Lampung is one area in Indonesia that has a cloth motive that characterizes the Lampung area used as batik cloth. This study discusses the backpropagation artificial neural network that will be used for the classification of pattern batik motive Lampung. Batik motive lampung used is sembagi, siger ratu agung, jung agung and siger clove cengkih, while for batik is not a motive Lampung used parang kusumo and broken parang. Stages to be done are scaling, grayscale, tresholding and classification. Comparison of training data and data testing used is 70:30 and 80:30 with the need of backpropagation neural network that is epoch = 2000, learning rate = 0.1 and target error = 0.001. The greatest accuracy value is found in the 70:30 data is 92%.

The quality of steganographic images can be determined from several aspects. One of the testing techniques on steganography is cropping which is part of robustness testing. Under cropping process, it is possible that the secret message cannot be extracted from the stego-image. This happen because the pixels values on the stego-image embedded message changed and the message content on the stego-image will be lost. In this research we propose a new approach for solving that problem by using the algorithm based on Sequential Technique where the input process starts from the center of the cover. The secret information in the form of image and the cover image is also an image. By using this method, the secret image is safe although the cropping is done from left, right, above or bottom of the stego image.