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V International Scientific and Practical Conference "VIRTUAL SIMULATION, PROTOTYPING AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN – 2018" (VSPID-2018) 14-16 November, 2018 Tambov, Russian Federation

The Vth International Scientific and Practical Conference "VIRTUAL SIMULATION, PROTOTYPING AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN – 2018" (VSPID-2018) is an annual scientific event joining experienced and young scientists dealing with research of methods and algorithms used for virtual modeling and prototyping.

The VSPID-2018 Conference was focused on the presentation and discussion of research achievements and future developments in the field of virtual simulation, prototyping, and industrial design. The VSPID-2018 included the following scientific topics: (1) Virtual modeling, visualization and prototyping of technical systems; (2) Virtual modeling, visualization and prototyping of social objects; (3) Virtual modeling in geographic information systems of territories management: development and use; (4) Design and application of computer simulation models, virtual simulators and machine vision systems; (5) Creation of e-learning materials using virtual simulation and prototyping; (6) Industrial design; (7) Modern information processing; (8) Modeling of processes of teaching and management in education; and (9) Mathematical modeling of molecular systems.

The issue demonstrates potential and prospective methods, algorithms, and approaches which may be profitable leverage for elaborating and applying virtual models and prototypes in design, modernization, manufacturing sectors, as well as in cultural and architectural preservation.

VSPID-2018 was jointly organized by Tambov State Technical University and Tambov Region's Government (Russia). The Organizing Committee included professors and specialists from Russian Academy of Sciences, Torino Polytechnic Institute (Italy), University of Soka (Japan), Amberg-Weiden University of Applied Sciences (Germany), University of Münster (Germany), Tambov State Technical University (Russia), Moscow State Automobile and Road Technical University (Russia), Moscow State University (Russia) and other institutions.

All submitted manuscripts went through the review process. We want to thank all reviewers from Russia, China, Turkey, Australia, Poland, Spain, Iran, USA, Germany, Slovakia, Colombia, Italy, India, Korea, Canada, Ukraine, Czech Republic, for their time and highly professional comments. We deeply believe that their reviews gave opportunity to improve the scientific quality of the presented papers which may be useful for academic, scientific and industrial sectors.

We would like to thank all participants for their contribution, sponsors for the financial support, and Program Committee members for their huge efforts in organization and holding of the VSPID-2018 Conference.

The conference was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 18-07-20042/18) and Administration of the Tambov Region's Government (project 1-NM-18).

Organizing Committee:

Dr. Vladimir Nemtinov, Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia

Editor-in-chief of the Issue:

Prof. Sergei Gorlatch, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

The article deals with the problem of constructing a classifier for a set of n physical objects encoded by vectors of the space ${{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}$. In this well-known problem of pattern recognition, we are interested in the case when the number of factors N is much larger than the number of training vectors. As a classifier we use a linear homogeneous function $f:{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}\to {{\mathbb{R}}}^{1}$. It is assumed that for each object with the number i there is a cluster set ${\hat{K}}_{I}\subset {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}$ consisting of K_i training vectors corresponding to the observations of this object, for example, a set of its digitized photographs. In the case when $N\gg K={K}_{1}+\cdots +{K}_{n}$ a linear homogeneous classifier, as a rule, exists. We describe the algorithm for constructing the classifier and discuss the properties of this algorithm.

The unified design of the angular spindle head of the machining centre for drilling-milling and boring type is considered. Three-dimensional modeling of the angular head assembly in CAD KOMPAS-3D is performed using a specialized application "Shafts and 3D mechanical transmissions" including a three-dimensional representation of the machining centre kinematic scheme. The photorealistic visualization module Artisan Rendering, which is integrated into the KOMPAS-3D CAD contour, was used to create presentations and promote this construction to the machine tool industry. A two-stage procedure for analyzing the structure by the stiffness criterion is proposed: at the early stages of the design by the matrix initial parameters method; at the stage of the working project by the finite element method in the APM FEM module. The procedure for determining the stress-strain state of the angular head spindle with end mills realized.

The problem of nonlinear simulation of the dynamic characteristics of the electrohydraulic servo drives with throttle regulation for technological equipment is considered. The mathematical model for investigation of the nonstationary work processes in the drives has developed. The model adapted for drives of the technological equipment, built using standard modules, in particular, an electrohydraulic amplifier and a hydraulic cylinder. The estimation of the basic parameters of the mathematical model is carried out using the technical certificate data of the drive devices. The recommendations are given on setting initial data for numerical simulation. For numerical integration of the nonlinear mathematical model of the nonstationary work processes software was developed in the environment of the MATLAB. In addition to the integration subroutine, the software includes a source data file, a control program and a subroutine for calculating the right parts of the system of ordinary differential equations. The example of the calculation of the dynamic characteristics for the electrohydraulic servo drive with throttle regulation is presented.

The work focuses on the computer simulation modeling of the control system with the network channel of information transmission. We have studied the impact of data buffering on the quality of control for the systems with a limited volume buffer for data packets. It has been expected that the data packet transmission over the network channel for the quantization period is carried out with a given probability. If the data packet from the digital sensor is not transmitted in one quantization tact to the controller, it is placed in the sensor buffer. During data is transmitted over the channel, all packets from the sensor buffer are transmitted to the controller buffer. The controller processes incoming data from the buffer sequentially-one packet per quantization tact. To simulate such situations, it was proposed to use the appropriate developed random processes. The novelty of the developed simulation model lies in the fact that in the basis for the development of this model is accepted the modeling of the time gap of the information flow of data. Simulation of the network control system operation was carried out in the environment Simulink of Matlab system.

The paper discusses the results of numerical analysis of the properties and modes of the adsorption air separation process and oxygen concentration with purity of ∼90% carried out in a double-adsorber PSA unit with a 13X granular zeolite adsorbent with capacity of up to 2 l/min. Calculation experiments have been performed using the developed mathematical model and the influence of perturbations (temperature, composition and pressure of atmospheric air) on the dynamics of the process, the unit performance, the extraction degree and oxygen purity has been investigated. It has been established that the most effective control action is the pressure at the compressor outlet, the increase in which from 2 to 6×10⁵ Pa leads to the increase in the extraction degree and oxygen concentration on average by ∼57% and ∼12 vol.% respectively.

Modelling n-p-junction is an urgent task, because theoretical models do not describe all the properties of semiconductor structures with different content of impurities. The influence of impurities on the properties of asymmetric n-p-junction was analyzed in the paper. The Poisson equation in the space charge region (SCR) of the equilibrium n-p-junction was solved numerically. The charge density in the SCR was also calculated. It has been shown that the structure of SCR of strongly asymmetric n-p-junction substantially differs from the model of depleted charge carriers, and includes four parts: 1 – highly doped region, wherein the main charge carriers partially compensate the charge of the ionized impurities; 2 – low-doped region containing ionized impurities of the opposite sign with respect to the first, enriched with charge carriers, increasing the charge of ionized impurities; 3 – lowly doped region, wherein the concentrations of electrons and holes much less than the concentration of ionized impurities; 4 – lowly doped region, wherein the main charge carriers partially compensate the charge of the ionized impurities.

The article examines the questions of creating a virtual space of a historically significant territory as a means of communication and effective civil and patriotic education of young people. The proposed formal description of the model of the virtual space includes the sum of knowledge about a historically significant area (a historical site) presented in the form of a graph structure of frames. The creation of a virtual space in the form of a virtual museum is carried out using an open source software platform OpenSimulator 0.9.0, which is a server platform for 3D virtual worlds. Visualization of the museum is available to all Internet users. Thus, a thematic information environment has been created to provide access to relevant information and contributes to the growth of youth interest in the problems of national culture, history, and civil culture. In addition, an important role is played by the social aspect, as within the virtual world users can interact with others, observe their movements and actions, and communicate with them in real time.

The paper presents the results of the pilot project "Virtual Machine-Building Enterprise". It was developed for multi-level learning to meet the needs of the national digital economy and the digital industry. The profile of requirements for end-to-end learning (baccalaureate - magistracy - postgraduate) of prospective personnel in the digital development of machine-building enterprises has been substantiated. E-Portfolio model has been developed in accordance with the requirements of the standards GOST R 57720-2017 and ISO/IEC TR 20013:2015 to manage the digital competency development in the learning process and practical activities. The pilot project "Virtual Machine-Building Enterprise" was implemented at the initiative of MSUT "STANKIN". It is a corporate technological platform for the digital machine-building development with the participation of industry, IT sector and technical universities. The architecture and functional model of a virtual enterprise are developed taking into account the principles of Industry 4.0, fundamental standards in automation systems integration (ERP, MES, CRM, CAD, CAE, CAPP, PLM, etc.) and e-learning (LMS, CMS, etc.). The educational programs are developed in accordance with the requirements of the FSES 3++, Professional Standards and qualification requirements for Chief Digital Officer. In the future, the pilot project "Virtual Machine-Building Enterprise" should be the basis for the formation of a digital technological university model.

In the article a thin-walled core of the closed cross-section which is rigidly jammed by one end was under consideration. The own frequencies of fluctuations of a core without cracks and with cracks of various depth and located in various places of a core were researched. Natural and numerical experiments were conducted. Depth's and location's effect of a crack on frequencies of own fluctuations of the core was estimated. Expressions for definition of the crack's origin place depending on change of frequency of core's own fluctuations are received.

With a blocked cutting of closed soil on the vibrating cutting edge of the bit, a deformation cone is formed due to cyclic and transient compression of the gas phase, which becomes a carrier of the kinetic energy transformed in the form of high-frequency supersonic shock waves. The angles of inclination of the cone-forming deformations coincide with the angles of repose of the soil and are equal to approximately 45°, as a result of which the shock waves propagate in the least energy-consuming way. The high-frequency nature of the shock waves leads to the fact that at frequencies of τ < 0.0037 s, the adhesion between solid inclusions is interrupted in the deformation zone, and the internal friction of the soil is essentially leveled out. This process is carried out through chisel-type tillage implements of the original structures considered in the present work.

The mathematical model of the process of separation for the liquid – solid system in the hydrocyclone battery is considered, at that the devices are equipped with replaceable pairs of inserts for varying the diameters of the inlet and outlet pipes. It is established that when assessing the overall degree of purification of the suspension in the hydrocyclone battery with the same diameter of the corpuses and replaceable diameters of the pipes, it is necessary to take into account not only the separation factor, but also the average residence time of the liquid in the separation zone. In this connection, it is proposed the parameter P, equal to the product of these indicators. In this interpretation, increase the total degree of purification of the suspension concomitantly with increase the number of hydrocyclones in the battery is consistent with the corresponding value of the parameter R.

The aim of the research is the numerical simulation of the drum mixer operation, including the identification of geometrical indicators of a material pile in a rotating drum for conducting the force analysis and determining the expended power. The influence of the required performance of the drum device on the parameters of its container with regard to the filling degree is determined analytically using the mixer as an example. The functional model of the central angle of the material segment on the filling degree of the container is established. The expressions for the parameters of a material segment in a rotating container are revealed. They allowed for determining the torque and power consumption of the drive based on the power analysis. The graphic material of changes in the calculated indicators in the modeling process is presented.

Modern concepts of pathogenesis, peculiarities of disease course, technical and technological conditions of electroencephalography analysis require optimized registration of bioelectric patterns of frontal localization. The aim of the study was to simplify the registration and analysis of bioelectric patterns of frontal localization electroencephalography. The methods of electroencephalography registration using a wiring diagram of 9 electrodes arranged symmetrically sagittal head line: Fp1, F7, T5, Fp2, F8, T6, O1 and O2. Due to the low demand for quantitative and frequency-amplitude characteristics of the obtained electroencephalographic curves, the most important electroencephalographic patterns of the brain in General and frontal localization in particular were evaluated. The innovative system using 9 electrodes for electroencephalography allows to minimize technical and technological means and the amount of time spent, and also causes the modernization of the traditional system of registration of electroencephalography to simplify and make more accessible the registration and analysis of bioelectric patterns of frontal localization. This innovation involves the simplification and greater availability of providing diagnostic and therapeutic medical care or medical services electroencephalography in different conditions.

The object of study is a vertical flexible thread rotating at some distance around a vertical axis with a lateral load. The calculation is made for the dynamic load condition in the form of centrifugal forces depending on the displacement of the thread from the initial position. The geometric and physical nonlinearity of the flexible threads is taken into account. The proposed method is based on the theory of mathematical modeling using differential and integral calculus of functions of one and several variables as well as on the theory of resistance of materials. A method of the nonlinear calculation of the stress-strain state of flexible threads, taking into account the real properties of materials is proposed. The text of the calculation in the computer program MatchCAD for calculations of the thread, its deformation and tension was theoretically described and developed. The calculation results corresponded to the results obtained by the finite element method (the discrepancy is about 1%). The implementation of the method makes it possible to study the operation of structures outside the conditions of elastic work of the material. The comparative results of modeling inertia loaded rotating threads with linear properties of changes in their strength properties and in the case of nonlinearity of their properties are presented.

During the exploitation of hand rivet tools, abnormal situations arise due to the jamming of the used mandrel (core) in the actuating mechanism, leading to an increase in process time. The main purpose of the article is establish of hand rivet tools teeth parameters to eliminate self-braking of the used mandrel (core) in the actuating mechanism. Parameters of the rivet tools teeth are determined by force analysis. The limit equilibrium conditions by the modeling process of rivet tool exploitation were obtained. The strength conditions are determined by force dependencies. The condition of self-braking of the used mandrel (core) in the hand rivet tool jaws is determined. As a result of numerical simulation, the recommended values of the angles of inclination of the teeth front surface of the rivet tool jaw, which are eliminate jamming of used mandrel (core) in the actuating mechanism, are obtained. The recommended values of the angles of inclination of the teeth front surface of the rivet tool jaw should not be less than 32 degrees.

The article deals with development of a web application for determining thermo-physical properties of substances. A distinctive feature of the application is in using the method of forming functional dependencies in order to determine thermodynamic properties of a working medium for the regions of their liquid, steam, and gas phases that have first-order discontinuities at the inter-phase boundaries. The software package for mathematical modeling of thermodynamic processes, which includes a web application, is considered. Reference systems and computing services for performing mathematical calculations online are described. Examples of procedures used in the application to determine the properties of substances on the experimental data tables are given. The areas of using the application are identified.

In this article, we describe safety issues connected with mining industry which continues its rapid development and is regarded as one of the major source of energy in many countries. A series of fatal emergencies primarily due to gaseous hazards has made it vital to develop a robust General Emergency Management System which is technically advance and maintainable. It should contain the following units bound by a network: voice communication, tracking of the personnel, mine atmosphere monitoring, underground equipment control and monitoring, monitoring of escape, rescue apparatus, aided rescue equipment and navigation support during escape. Further, we discuss maintenance, care and application of Self-Contained Self-Rescuer systems on the example of the model SHS-30 developed by the Corporation Roshimazschita (Tambov, Russia).

In this article, we present a scheme of sequential analysis and elimination of variants that does not use the idea of step-by-step decision making and can be implemented for analysis of engineering solutions at the stage of manufacturing preparation. This scheme uses the methodology of sequential analysis and screening of options both by constraints and by the objective function without constructing initial parts of each variant and their further development. We have also developed a software product for the automated information system that implements the proposed optimal decision making scheme, which includes an automated selection of: metal grade, type and method of producing a blank depending on the type of hardening for engineering products. The system has been tested on the example of units included in the shaper-vulcanizers.

The practical feasibility of using hydraulic links based on a stepper hydraulic drive with a jet control system in the internal circuits of machine tools has been considered. The application of hydraulic links based on stepper hydraulic motor in the internal circuits of the machines is constrained by the lack of fast-retrofitting control systems, functionally similar to switches, meeting the requirements of high accuracy (low step cost), high reliability requirements (no impulse skip).

An improved mathematical model for calculating the transfer of substances in electrochemical membrane processes based on the Spiegler friction model is developed and presented. This model differs from those presented in the literature in that it takes into account the combined effect of pressure and electric field on the transfer of particles of the solute and solvent and allows calculating the friction coefficients of the interaction of anions, cations, solvent and membrane pore walls among themselves. Calculated friction coefficients can be used in the theoretical calculations and the prediction of change over time of the kinetic parameters of baromembrane, electromembrane and electrobaromembrane separation processes of industrial solutions in various industries.

The paper presents an approach to modeling the surface of a liquid droplet lying on a solid substrate. Receiving the real shape of the droplet surface plays an important role in modeling the process of drying droplets of liquid dispersed systems on solid diffusion-impermeable substrates. This relates to the strong influence of the characteristics of the droplet surface on the values of the coefficients of heat and mass transfer and the value of the surface area of evaporation. A description of the experimental setup for determining the characteristic parameters of the droplet surface is presented. The formulation and solution to the problem of mathematical modeling of the shape of the droplet's surface, depending on the wetting angle of the liquid-substrate system, surface tension and droplet parameters, are given. The incorrectness of the assumption about the shape of a droplet as an element of a sphere segment is shown. Some results of visualization of the surface of a droplet for various wettability conditions are presented.

The paper presents a computerized method of geometric parameters determination for modular cutting tools. This method allows designing the tools with preset parameters of a cutting point, setting tolerances for machining of locators, and selecting a precision class for cutting inserts and shims depending on precision requirements of a tool. Mathematical and software implementation of this method is based on the principles of analytic geometry and vector-matrix analysis. The general structure of a mathematical model is represented by a graph plotted on multiple local coordinates systems of assembly components of a tool. Communications between coordinate systems are established through transition matrices. Analytic expressions are produced to calculate geometric parameters of a tool assembly depending on geometric parameters of cutting inserts and seat orientation parameters.

The authors have studied the physical and mathematical models of the continuous adsorbing apparatus having diffused flow structure in gaseous phase and ideal displacement in dispersed solid phase of the adsorbent. There have been obtained equations of the operating line and profiles of concentrations of redistributed component in gas and adsorbent particles in its layer height. The authors offer a calculation algorithm and have compared the main technological and geometrical parameters of the studied process with typical adsorption having ideal displacement flow structures in both phases.

The paper provides a description of the developed experimental plant for studying hydrodynamic and heat and mass exchange processes in packing devices of all kinds of configuration, examples of the obtained data and original classification methods for processing experimental data. The authors describe hydrodynamic characteristics allowing carrying out classification studies and obtaining the necessary data to complete the developed methods for calculating mass exchange devices: the retaining capacity of packing devices at liquid and gas phases in particular. The authors provide the criteria function X=f(Re_m) which gives a direction for industrial application of packing contact devises. The function is based on the analysis and generalization of the experimental data obtained in express studies of single-phase filtration curves. The paper also covers an example of the experimental data of the response function in case of recognizing flow structures of contact phases which allow obtaining necessary data to complete the developed diffusion models of mass exchange processes and implement calculations of mass exchange packing with a high precision.

The motion of a graph-containing viscous fluid between stationary and rotating disks is considered. The initial differential equations of motion for the elementary volume of a liquid are compiled and the initial conditions are determined. Assuming that the flow in the gap is a Couette flow, an analytical solution has been obtained to change the radial and angular coordinates of the elementary volume with time. With the use of the mathematical package Maple, characteristic trajectories of the movement of elementary volumes of fluid in the gap between a fixed and rotating disk with different consumption characteristics and geometry are obtained. Calculated speed, time of stay and the path traveled by an elementary volume, depending on the initial coordinate of the thickness of the gap.

The modern software is used in all areas of human activity. Application programs allows users to carry out the professional activity at the new, better level. The most important component of any application is the interface on which not only specialist productivity depends, but also quality of the performed work. As the contingent of modern users is very different, it is reasonable to develop the software and its interface part taking into account features of target audience. Use of elements of artificial intelligence at design of application programs will allow to consider features of training of users as much as possible. Creation of adaptive interfaces is caused by high growth rates of functionality of modern program systems, need of simplification of their operation and also to reduction of requirements to the professional level of users. In article the technique of development of the adaptive interface on the basis of individual characteristics of users and also their emotional status is described. Users were divided into five groups: the beginner, normal, confident, qualified and the administrator. Key parameters of individual users characteristics and also their possible emotional states are revealed. The automated system which can create groups based on the analysis of characteristics of users and their emotional state is developed, each group is provided by the adapted prototype of the interface of the application program.

Based on the differential equations of material balance and mass transfer, taking into account the longitudinal mixing of the boiling solution, the formulas of the working lines of the reinforcing and exhaustive parts of the packed distillation column, the concentration profiles along the nozzle height, and the algorithm for calculating the height of the nozzle are proposed.The equations of the working lines of the reinforcing and exhaustive parts of the distillation column are analytically derived, taking into account the longitudinal diffusion, which, when the longitudinal diffusion number or the longitudinal diffusion coefficient, is transformed into the known equations of the working lines for the flow patterns of ideal displacement in both phases. Analytically, on the basis of the differential equations of material balance, the equations of working lines and mass transfer in a rectifying column for binary mixtures with allowance for longitudinal diffusion are derived. It is shown that in its absence, when the flow structure for both phases corresponds to an ideal displacement, that is, the Peclet number of longitudinal diffusion, and the longitudinal diffusion coefficient itself, the resulting equations of working lines and mass transfer become known equations for the reinforcing and exhaustive parts of the column. Comparative examples of calculations for typical structures of the ideal displacement flow and for derived equations that take into account longitudinal diffusion for the binary mixture "ethyl alcohol-ethyl alcohol" are given.

The analysis of physical processes happening in beehives was carried out for 15 000 bees in winter aggregation. In the current study changes of bees aggregation volume during winter season as well as bonds between heating, air exchange and humidity were considered. Simulation of physical in-hive processes was carried out with the help of software Comsol 5.3. Temperature fields analysis confirms the availability of the high thermal insulation ability of bees. On the surface of the bees aggregation the temperature is +12°C. In spite of temperature fluctuations outside the aggregation, inside of the latter temperature is maintained at the level of +25°C...+32°C. Within the aggregation temperature is distributed uneven, and there are zones of higher temperature values not exceeding +34°C, which is not harmful for bees. Analysis of air exchange processes demonstrates that the air velocity near the beehive entrance is 0.03...0.1 meters per second, and in the central inlet – 0.12...0.17 meters per second. The highest air velocity values – exceeding 0.19 meters per second – are achieved inside of the bees aggregation. Humidity level within beehives is uneven. Identity of thermal fields obtained with thermal camera and results of the simulation demonstrates the high level of its concordance.

The aim of this paper is to verify the efficiency for a composite version of branch and bound algorithm combining B&B branching strategy and bounds computing with the pruning rules used in dynamic programming for selecting of direction of movement by a search tree. As criteria of efficiency we used random access memory (RAM) and time gains of finding integer programming problem solution by a composite version of branch and bound algorithm in comparison with its traditional implementation. The number of variables in the problems and restrictions did not exceed 25 and 15, respectively. Experimental verification have shown that for solving time used as a criterion of the efficiency, the advantages of composite version are beyond doubt compared to the used RAM value as criterion often taking the side of the classical B&B algorithm.

Multi-agent systems are usefully employed in banking sector, logistics and military commitments. In machine-building industry the trend line is implementation of digital productions and Internet of Things concepts. In our opinion combine of digital production and multi-agent systems gives the opportunity of production control improvement. In this paper we propose the approach to the organization of a production multi-agent system based on the service-oriented architecture. The agent's technology is considered, services are separated and communication between them is defined. As the means of communication we propose the XML manifest that provides an opportunity to informational support of interaction between agents and services. The results of this work are relevant to building of a multi-agent system for production control in machine-building industry.

The research is aimed at modernizing the technology of designing and manufacturing an electrode instrument for electrical processing methods in order to reduce costs in terms of experimental design and individual production. In this regard, the article is aimed at disclosing the possibilities of using modern computer-aided design tools and rapid prototyping technology for the manufacture of a complex profile tool for individual and experimental production. The materials of the article are of practical value for enterprises of the machine-building complex, as they allow making changes in the technology of designing and manufacturing electrode tools for electrical processing methods and using modern computer-aided design systems and additive technologies that reduce the cost and increase the variability of its application.

The article presents the results of a study of the contour analysis algorithm developed by the authors for automatic recognition of objects in an image with their subsequent modeling in virtual simulators for training human-computer systems operators. The main distinctive feature of the developed contour analysis algorithm is the use of image convolution in four directions and the tracing procedure, which makes it possible to more accurately search for the contour of objects compared to other algorithms of this type. The results of the study of the algorithm are given. Based on this study, recommendations on the choice of the parameters of the algorithm are given. As a result of the analysis of three-dimensional modeling methods, it was concluded that for the effective implementation of three-dimensional graphics in virtual simulators for training human-machine system operators, it is advisable to use an algorithm for contour image analysis of external objects.

This paper presents the segmentation algorithm on the 3D digital dental model for separating individual dental crown using fuzzy multi criteria analysis and Visualization Toolkit (VTK). The aim is to apply the algorithm in the 3D aligner development software package. The digital dental model is produced by 3D scanner in STL format and dental crown contour is calculated based two control points defined by user. Fussy multi criteria analysis with pairwise comparison of the mesh points aims to select a points subset that define the boundary between the dental crown and the jawbone. VTK provides ease of use computer graphics algorithms and visualisation tools. The result has shown that the proposed approach can successfully separate dental crown on the 3D digital dental model.

The use of information technology in machine-building enterprises has become an integral part of the entire production process. An analysis of the literature has shown that the topic of optimization of blank production using modern information technologies has not been sufficiently disclosed. In this paper, it is proposed to use simulation modelling to optimize the work of blank production. The use of a genetic algorithm is proposed as an optimization algorithm. Practical testing of the proposed solution showed a good result.

A complete mathematical modeling of the technological process of manufacturing vinyl acetate monomer by vapor-phase method has been implemented. The model is partial differential equations of the material and energy balance and catalyst aging. An algorithm for an integrated equation based on the second-order Gregg-Bulirsh-Shter rectangle symbol has been developed. The error in modeling the process is equal (CH₃COOCH=CH₂) ± 5.4% rel. for the target matter, and (CO₂) ± 6.4% rel. for the secondary substance The kinetic coefficients of differential equations, namely the pre-exponential factors and the activation energy have been refined. The obtained data of the modeling of the vapor-phase manufacturing process of vinyl acetate are shown in the form of tables and graphic three-dimensional dependencies of quality indicators on technological parameters.

This research aims to justify the importance of using convolutional neural networks (CNN) in AR-powered educational applications to provide the learning process with impressive visualization of studied objects. Demonstration of the developed application proves neural network to be its basic part that allows for high-quality accuracy of object localization and image recognition in AR systems. As these systems provide a more informative and impressive way of learning, the application can be used for data mining and big data analysis disciplines to demonstrate real-time operation of localization, clustering and segmentation algorithms.

The purpose of this work is to improve the accuracy of research related to the work in the field of modeling and measurement of galvanic processes in biological tissues under the influence of electric current. For this purpose, we propose a refined equivalent electrical model of biotissue and an algorithm for numerical determination of its components.

A method for determining the fractal dimension of metallic and nonmetallic disperse systems which is based on measuring the masses of formed clusters of various sizes was developed. The different character of the change in the fractal dimension with a change of the true density of the particles of the disperse phase of metallic and nonmetallic systems was shown. The effect of the packing density of powder materials when poured under free embedding on their fractal dimension was evaluated. It is proved that the increase in packing density leads to an increase in the fractal dimension. The effect of the shape of the particles of the dispersed phase on the fractal dimension of disperse systems, characterized by the inequality of axes factor is studied. It was found that the decrease in the standard deviation during the determining of the fractal dimension due to the developed method is caused by the increase in the fractal dimension of the cluster because of the influence of the size and factor of the inequality of axes of the particles of the dispersed phase.

Analyzed patterns of calibration from binary modes the integral characteristics of the prototypes to multiple modes their derivatives with respect to the virtual characteristics of innovation in the adaptive range program controlled standardized measures. The author's innovations protected by patents for inventions of the Russian Federation prove the increase of metrological efficiency to the level of automatic calibration.

The article contains a formalized description of functioning of intelligent information measuring system for non-destructive testing of materials and products thermal properties. System simulation has been fulfilled, and as a result of it the mathematical models for transformation of measurement data in the intelligent system in Mathcad software during thermophysical measurements. The mathematical pattern of decision-making in the intelligent system allows to improve the accuracy of parameter determination of thermophysical properties of tested materials and the efficiency of the functioning system.