Table of contents

PREFACE

The rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent years has shifted us to digital era. The biggest challenge in our world of education is how to reform education system and integrate modern technology in teaching and learning. The development of science and technology has also supported the acceleration of research in this field, as well as giving influence to researchers to continuously improve themselves.

In a highly open global information era, sharing creative ideas and cooperations in the field of biosciences and biological education need to be improved through various fora. International Seminar on Bioscience and Biological Education (ISBBE) facilitates to evoke creative and innovative ideas among educators and researchers in the field of bioscience and biological education. In accordance with the focus of the problem, this international seminar has a theme: "Research and Education Innovation on Bioscience for the 21st Century Challenges."

This seminar brought us to discuss recent development and innovation in biological and bioscience research. Several expert in the field of Bioscience and biological education were invited, including Prof. Dr. Mamoru Yamada (Yamaguchi University, Japan), Prof. David F. Treagust (Curtin University, Australia), Dr. Mahani Mokhtar (University of Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia) and Dr. Kriengkrai Satapornvanit (Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand). We are also invited special keynote speaker Dr. Ir. Paristiyanti Nurwardani, MP, Director of Learning Affair, General Directorate of Learning and Student Affairs, The Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education.

On behalf of the committee and the institution, I would like to thanks to the participants who had been participated in this seminar. I realy hope that we are going to meet again at the next ISBBE event. Thank you.

Yogyakarta, Indonesia, October 2018

ISBBE Chairman

Dr. Suyitno Aloysius

All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Mangrove red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus is a high economically value of snapper. Growth is important biological parameters during larvae stage. The growth of the second generation (F-2) of cultivated L. argentimaculatus is important to be evaluated as part of cultivation success. This study was conducted to determine the growth pattern of L. argentimaculatus F-2 during larval to juveniles stage. Larval rearing was done in hatchery. Larvae were fed zooplankton rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis and Artemia, also micro pelet as the artificial feed. Microscopic measurement on larval samples were performed periodically every 5 days from 5 to 40 days old larvae, by using 10 larval samples each time. The biological parameters of larvae were total length, standard length, dorsal spine length, ventral spine length, anal spine length and body weight. The results of this study indicated that the growth of mangrove red snapper larvae took place for 35-40 days to metamorphosis become juveniles. The growth pattern on all parameters was exponential. The larval total length has a positive correlation to its body weight with correlation value of 0.99. Larvae had certain characteric growth during metamorphosis stage. Mangrove red snapper L. argentimaculatus F-2 had a similar growth pattern with those of larvae F-1.

Tannins are one polyphenol antioxidants which have higher molecular weight and having two ring aromatic group containing -OH. Antioxidant polyphenols in plants are potentially beneficial to human health as antibacterial, astringent, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to identify tannins from 4 Pterydophyta species from Baluran National Park. This type of research is qualitative. The research sample consisted of rhizom and frond extracts of Pseudocyclosorus ochthodes, Dyopteris hirtipes, Phymatodes sp., and Pteris vittata. The extraction process was carried out using maceration method using 96% methanol and phytochemical screening was tested followed by TLC test. The results showed all samples were positive tannins and their Rf range were 0.62-0.86.

Albumin is not native phase, but it physiologically-binding with another compound which conclude the functions as transporter and scavenger. The general non-enzymatic reaction within proteins, which has a significant impact on their physical and functional properties by reducing sugar, known as glycation. The study investigated the effective composition to glycate the bovine serum albumin (BSA) by UV-spectrum. Five BSA concentrations (750, 500, 100, 10 and 1 mM) was prepared in PBS pH 7.4. The glycation carried out using glucose concentrations (2M, 1.5 M, 1 M, 500 mM, and 100 mM) before and after incubation for seven days. Depending on concentration, BSA 1 mM and 10 mM showed the best UV spectrum of protein that two peaks, 220 and 280 nm. Hence, the glycation by high concentration of glucose would be made a conformational change of BSA which is marked by the UV-spectrum of BSA configuration. Glucose 100 and 500 mM was effective to glycate BSA.

Carica pubescens is one of plants that can live in the highlands which has a potential as medicinal plant to treat many diseases. The plant propagation is still done conventionally. Embryogenic callus culture is the alternative. The success of callus culture depends on the role of auxin growth regulator (2,4-D) and Amino Acids. The aim of this study is to determine the effet of amino acids through Divine smoke particulation to the induction of embryogenesis callus carica pubescens. This research is an experimental study with Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method. It has 7 treatments consist of control and the Amino Acids (Threonine, Tryptophan, Serine, Histidine, Asparagine, and Methionine). The result of this study showed a significant effect of amino acids through Divine smoke particulation to the induction of embryogenesis callus Carica pubescens which is grown on ½ MS media + 3 mg/L of 2,4-D. Tryptophan is the fastest treatment to induce callus which is grown 24 days after planting (DAP). Serine influences to the percentage of callus area in explants is 98,8% and the fresh weight of callus 0,6733 gr. The observation of morphology and anatomy embryonic callus color is yellowish white, friable texture and has a large cell nucleus

Intertidal Zone is an area with high biological diversity including vertebrates. In order to survive in area with rapid change of environmental condition, animals need to be adapted accordingly. One type of adaptations that mostly employed is structural adaptation specifically ones that related to locomotor performances. Differences on how to navigate during high tides or when the water level subsided as well as types of locomotion between skippers and remainers suggested that there might also be structural differences in their skeleton. This research is aimed to study the skeletal structure of two species that use different strategy in their locomotion. Two species of fish from two main groups of intertidal fish (skippers and remainers) were caught and preserved in 96% Ethanol. The skeletal preparation was made using Inouye's Alizarin Red Alcyan Blue Method. Data were collected by comparing skeletal structure between two species particularly the axial (vertebrae) and appendicular (pelvic, pectoral, caudal fin) skeleton. Based on the observation, skippers and remainers skeletal features has been adapted to different function during locomotion. Modifications on pelvic, pectoral and caudal bones were found in skippers and remainers. In B. bilitonensis, there are fusion of bones, reduction of some structures and also smaller bone area to provide agility. In remainers, modification mostly found in pelvic and pectoral fin. Pelvic fins possess larger and more rigid basal lepidotrichia as it was used as an attachment apparatus while fish cling to the substrate during high tide. In B. fuscus, pectoral fins are used as main propellers during swimming instead of caudal fins, hence larger bones area to provide more muscle attachment are observed in this species

Scaly-breasted and white-headed Munia bird (Lonchura maja), is one of three species of Lonchura birds that live arround UNYcampus. Life habit and behavior is not well known. This study was done by observing the natural behavior without giving treatment to the object of research. The process of observations conducted from June to August 2017. This study aims to determine the condition of vegetation and climatic environment arround UNY and the behavior of Lonchura birds, and determine ideal conditions for nesting. All data collected by visual observation. These results indicate that the vegetation condition arround UNY related to Lonchura wildlife on campus, divided into 6 different locations. Each location has climatic conditions and different environmental carrying capacity resulting in species of birds that inhabit it any different. Scaly-breasted bird requires fairly dry location with an ideal temperature for the activity in the range of 27ºC, humidity is above 50% and the intensity of light that tends to light. Nesting sites of Lonchura made amid a clump of tree stands with a height at the top of the half-height of the tree. The most ideal conditions for Lonchura is the availability of feed such as grass seeds, the availability of dry grass for nest materials and also stands at over 4 meters high as nesting sites.

Osteoporosis is bone metabolic disorder that can decrease quality of life. It is the reason why that this study on the factors on bone metabolism urgently conducted. The research was conducted to describe the role of exercise training on bone metabolism on rat ovariectomized by using cell and molecular approach. This research was purely experiment research that was carried out to prove that exercise training can increase extra cellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and it correlation with calcium. Design of the research "The Randomized Posttest only. Control Group Design". The unit of experimental was female Sprague Dawly Rat, 2,5 months and divided in three group A) Ovariectomized (O); B) O + exercise training (ET)and C) Ovariectomized calcium supplement (CS). Exercise training as independent variable and ERK1/2 expression was dependent variable. ERK1/2 was measured by using ELISA, while and calcium level measured by using SSA. The data was analysis by using ANOVA. The result of this research showed that ERK1/2 expression of the exercise training were higher (1,861) than the control group (1,031) α 0.005 and calcium level were not different in all group. It can be concluded that exercise training can decrease ERK1/2 expression but no change on level of calcium.

Sargassum sp is one of the abundant seaweed in Indonesian seas and it has the potential to be used as a renewable alternative energy source. Dry Sargassum sp contains 58.23% carbohydrate that can be used as bioethanol through a fermentation process. This research aims to determine the effect of fermentation time on the amount of ethanol content produced from Sargassum sp fermentation.The type of this study was laboratory experiment. The experiment was conducted by using microbial association namely Zymomonas mobilis, Tape Yeast and Bread Yeast with variation of fermentation duration of 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days. Glucose test is done by using the DNS method. The measurement of ethanol content is done by using Gas Chromatography. In the data analysis the researcher uses correlation regression statistic method. The result of the research shows that the best treatment was 6 days fermentation duration with the amount of ethanol 24.67% with the reducing sugar content 54,570 ppm. The longer the fermentation time the higher the ethanol content produced except on the 7th day showing decline. The results of data analysis showed that the difference in fermentation time to ethanol content produced had a correlation coefficient that was positive and there was no significant relationship.

We have already done describing clearly enough about the particular substrates as Auricularia delicata habitat. Along with that research, another study was population dynamics of Auricularia delicata fruit bodies, among density and all measured environmental factors (temperature, air humidity, light intensity, pH, and water content of the substrates) which were carried out in Bingungan forest for eight months, 136 sampling from rainy season began to early dry season. Those data were analyzed using time series analysis which visualized in FIR (Finite Impuls Response) graphs and discriminant analysis (LDA) to classify similarity among plots and samplings. The population dynamics of Auricularia delicata fruit bodies might be modeled using GEE (Generalized Estimating Equation) analysis for forecasting purpose. Therefore, we have representation about when the best timing of Auricularia delicata did fruiting process in what conditions really were.

Indonesia as one of the largest maritime territories in the world has potential of marine products which can be used as the alternative source of bioethanol substrates, known as macroalgae. Ulva lactuca can be used as the substrates because it contains 16.42% hemicellulose and 19.58% cellulose. The acid hydrolysis stage is required to damage the cellulose structure and break down the hemicellulose to simple materials that can be converted by microbes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acid hydrolysis time on ethanol levels produced from Ulva lactuca and to determine which of the treatments can produce the highest level of ethanol. This research was an experimental research with four kinds of treatment time of acid hydrolysis: 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The fermentation was done with the help of microbes isolated from bread yeast and tape yeast. The sample products were distilled and tested for the ethanol content. The data obtained were then analysed using one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the acid hydrolysis time have a significant effect on the ethanol levels produced from Ulva lactuca. The highest ethanol level was resulted from 60 minutes hydrolysis time, which was 13.17%.

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotusostreatus) is one offavorite food in Indonesia because it contains high protein. The farmer uses sawdust as plantation media to supply white oyster mushroom nutrition because it contains lignin and cellulose. Teak leaves potentially use as plantation media because it contains lignin and cellulose. The aim of this research was to know the ability of teak leaves as an alternative plantation media. This research used 5 treatments of sawdust and teak leaves ratio K = 88% : 0%, P1 = 38% : 50%, P2 = 28% : 60%, P3 = 18% : 70%, P4 = 8% : 80%. The same ingredients in each baglog were 2% chalk, 10% bran and 60% water. Parameters used in this research were the growth rate of mycelium, the number of fruit body, fresh weight, dry weight, and water content. Data were analyzed statically. The result showed the P4 treatment with 80% of teak leaves in planted media can give an optimal growth rate of mycelium. The added of teak leaves also showed the insignificant result for the tested parameters if compared with the sawdust. It means that teak leaves can be used as alternative plantation media for white oyster mushroom.

Protease is one of industrial important enzyme which can be produced by microorganisms. including fungi. Alkaline protease had physiological and commercially important. this enzyme used in detergent industries as additives. The indigenous mold Aspergillus flavus DUCC K225 isolated from lime soil of Madura island demonstrate the ability in producing extracellular protease at pH 8. The aim of this study was to examined the production of alkaline protease from A. flavus K225 on Czapeks Dox modified liquid medium containing molase as C-source and urea as N-source. The study were done in submerged culture on rotary shaker. The production of alkaline protease were observed after 7 days incubation. by examined fungal biomass. protease activity. protein content and protease specific activity. The examination of enzyme activity conducted at pH 8.5 done on crude enzyme and ammonium phosphate fractions of 0-20%. 20-40%. 40-60%. 60-80% and 80-100%. The results showed that the fungal biomass gained was 14.27 g/L. while the highest protease specific activity found at 40-60% ammonium sulphate fractination (71.75 U/ml) and 4.2 purification fold.

Immunohistochemistry is a powerful technique to identify the presence, distribution and extent of certain antigens at protein level in tissue specimen. Multiple immunostainings enable the detection, colocalization and comparison of several markers within one specimen. However, an optimization study is firstly needed to ensure the expression of multiple markers is clear and distinguishable. We formulated an optimized sequential triple immunostaining protocol which could identify the simultaneous presence of three types of cell death namely necrosis, apoptosis and etosis. These following antibodies were used: C-reactive protein (CRP, necrosis), (cleaved) Caspase-3 (Casp3, apoptosis) and citrullinated-Histone3 (CitH3, etosis). Several antigen retrieval methods, various concentration and order combinations of those antibodies as well as different combination color of chromogens were tested on coronary thrombus materials obtained from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The results showed that CRP (1:4000) visualized with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) in brown, is better performed as the first staining, followed by CitH3 (1:8000) visualized with Perma Blue as the second staining and Casp3 (1:500) visualized with Perma Red as the last staining. In conclusion, we presented an immunohistochemical triple staining protocol to identify the comparative presence of different types of cell deaths: necrosis, apoptosis and etosis in coronary thrombus specimens.

Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) has been utilized as traditional medicine to cure many kind of diseases. Previous study indicated that Butterfly Pea contains bioactive compounds that can be used as antioxidant, such as flavonoid. Butterfly Pea can be used as alternative substance for kombucha. This research aims to study about the effect of fermentation length towards total titrable acids content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of butterfly pea kombucha. This research was conducted from March until May 2018 at the Laboratory of Biology and Pharmacy Department, Sanata Dharma University. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatment of six different fermentation length, which was 0 day, 4 days, 8 days, 12 days, 16 days and 20 days. Each data obtained from this research were analyzed using correlation and regression statistic test. The results of the test showed that the treatment of fermentation length gave significant and positive correlation towards total titrable acids content and total flavonoid content. It means that the longer of fermentation length leads to higher of total titrable acids content and total flavonoid content. Whereas, the statistic test of antioxidant activity data showed that there was no significant correlation between the treatment of fermentation length to the levels of antioxidant activity of Butterfly Pea kombucha.

Growth media are essential in mycological studies. Currently, laboratories are using ready-to-use media which are commercially available. However, the prices of such media are high and are a burden on low-funded laboratories. Mung bean sprout (tauge) has been used as a cheap alternative growth medium since 1974, but study comparing performance of the medium with its commercial counterparts has not been reported. This study was done to compare the performances of tauge extract with commercial Potato Extract and Yeast Extract for growing yeast and filamentous fungi. We also endeavoured to optimise the composition of the alternative media by statistical analysis. The results show that the tauge extract medium gave a significantly higher growth rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a significantly lower growth rate of Kluyveromyces marxianus compared to the commercial media. On the other hand, the growth rates of Aspergillus oryzae and Trichoderma viride on all media are not significantly different. The optimum composition of tauge extract media for S. cerevisiae are 9.6 and 6.8 % (w/v) of tauge and sugar, respectively. For A. oryzae, maximum growth is predicted when the medium contains 11.2 and 7.4 % (w/v) of tauge and sugar, respectively.

The study aims to improve students' concept maps scores through the implementation of instructional techniques' teacher's questions in the presenting stage of project-based learning (PjBL). The research is Classroom Action Research with 3 cycles, procedures of the research are: lesson plan, implementation of action activities, observation, reflection and construct of expert concept map. The participants were 35 students of class X high school. Percentage of students' concept map scores calculated based on Novak and Gowin. Validation test use triangulation method, includes: verification of concept map scores suitability and documentation based on concept map expert and interview. Data analysis with qualitative descriptive by reducing, presenting data and drawing conclusions based on complete concept map data. The results showed that the teacher's questions as instructional techniques' in the presenting stage of project-based learning commonly improve scores of students' concept map, but each component of the concept map has a variation percentage.

In the kingdom of Plantae, fern (Pteridophyte) is one of the largest and diverse plant group. They are dominant on the forest floor in warm temperatures and high humidity. This research aims: (1) to present the diversity of fern in Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM), (2) to analyze the potency of fern diversity in TNGM as biological learning resources and (3) the feasibility of Pteridophyte Photo Sequence as learning media. The research was carried out through observation for identifying anykinds of fern and analyzing the potency of fern diversity as a learning resource, especially to study the Pteridophyte. In order to develop media photo sequence, this research used the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), but it was limited to the step of Development. The result showed that seventy five species of fern have been found in TNGM which is included in the 3 of 4 classes i.e. Lycopsida (8 species), Equisetopsida (1 species), and Pteropsida (66 species). It could be used as learning resource on subtopic of Pteridophyte for high school students in 10th grade based on Biology Curriculum 2013. The feasibility value for media photo sequence of pteridophyte in TNGM showed "very good" category.

This development research aimed to create a product in the form of student worksheets that are valid and effective for use in the instruction of the digestive system in grade VIII of Junior High School. The method used was the four D model product development method namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The instruments used were student worksheet validation sheets and the student response / questionnaire. The results of the validator's assessment indicated that the worksheet developed is quite valid with a mean score of 81.75%. Whereas based on the results of the questionnaire, it can be concluded that the worksheets are interesting for students; meanwhile, the worksheets could be completed by the students and the minimum standards were reached. Therefore, it can be concluded that the student worksheets developed are valid and effective, so they are suitable for use in the instruction of the digestive system in the grade VIII of junior high schools

The study aimed to determine the level of Senior High school students' problem-solving skills and to identify students' problem-solving skills based on gender. This study was a descriptive study by using survey method. The population of this study was all of the eleventh-grade students from mathematics and natural science class in SMA N 1 Temanggung, SMA N 3 Temanggung, and SMA N 1 Pringsurat, with 191 students as the sample. The sampling technique was cluster sampling. Data collection was conducted by providing a question in the form of problem-solving essays. The score category level to analyze student's problem-solving skills level and inferential statistics with independent sample t-test to analyze problem-solving skills based on gender. The result of the study showed that (1) the problem-solving skills level of Senior High school students in Temanggung mostly in the moderate category, (2) there is a significant difference of problem-solving skills in students based on gender. Female students have higher problem-solving skills than male students.

Problem based learning is an educational approach which used problem as a contex for learning in order to develop multidiciplinary skill including critical thinking. However, limited research has been conducted regarding the impact of problem based learning on student's critical thinking skills in class. This research is a developmental research (R&D) using ADDIE model that aims to develop student's critical thinking skills through the implementation of student activity sheets that use problem based learning approach. The subject of this study were 2^nd year students of science and mathematics programe in SMA Negeri 2 Sleman. Using pre-experimental with pretest-posttest design, the data were analyzed descriptively using N-gain indicator and analyzed parametrically using T-related sample test. Student's critical thinking skills were observed by observer and analyzed descriptively using percentage comparison. The study found that the problem based learning approach has signficant impact in improving student's critical thinking skills. Student's critical thinking skills in terms of analyzing, interpreting, evaluating, and concluding were increased. These criteria indicated that problem-based learning approach effective to develop student's critical thinking skills.

This study aimed to determine the level of divergent and creative thinking skills of XI graders in mastering scientific methods in biology and their differences based on gender and levels of most desirable school. This research was a descriptive study using the survey method conducted between March and April 2018. The population in this study were all students of grade XI of senior high schools in Bantul District. Sampling was carried out through stratified sampling to obtain 259 respondents from 3 senior high schools in Bantul District. The independent variable in this study was the levels of most desirable school and gender, while the dependent variable involved students' divergent and creative thinking skills in mastering scientific methods. Data was collected using questionnaire and test. The results showed that; (1) the average score of divergent thinking skills was classified as medium (17.00), while the average score of creative thinking skills was low (41.07), (2) the results of one-way ANOVA indicated that there was no significant difference in the mean scores of divergent and creative thinking skills based on the levels of most desirable school, (3) female students have better divergent and creative thinking skills in mastering scientific methods than male students.

The objectives of this research were to determine the effect immersion duration and concentration of colchicine on polyploidy of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.), to develop enrichment module based on the study, and to assess the enrichment module feasibility based on assessment of material experts, media experts, biology teachers, and responses of students. The research was development research using ADDIE model limited to development stage. Data of the study was the description of chromosome counting. The module feasibility data was obtained from the assessment by the reviewers and the responses of the respondents. The module feasibility assessment data was processed into quantitative data. The aspects analysed include the assessment of appropriateness of the concept, feasibility of content, presentation, language, and graphic. The results showed that colchicine's immersion duration and concentrations had effects on polyploidy of shallots. The results of the research were used to develop module of mutation learning based on 2013 curriculum. Module review from material experts showed that most of the module's substances were appropriate. Module review from media experts and responses of students showed that the module was feasible, and from biology teachers was highly feasible. The overall assessment results showed that polyploidy module was eligible feasible as teaching material in enrichment program for 12^th grade students.

This study aimed to determine the teacher's perception towards implementation of service learning model during teaching and learning of Biology in senior high schools based on the; the status of school, i.e. state Senior High School and private Senior High School. This study used survey method to collect data from a sample population of 46 Biology teachers in 24 senior high schools in Yogyakarta district, Yogyakarta special region province, Indonesia. Amongst these schools, 11 state schools and 13 private schools based on ownership status. Data collection techniques used was questionnaires and data analysis was done by using descriptive statistical analysis. The study results showed that 32 % teachers from state was searching information about service learning and understand it. However just 9.09 % that implement it in biology learning. 37.5 % teacher from privately owned schools was searching information about service learning and understand it and 12.5 % apply it ini biology learning. Both had a positive perception towards the implemention of service learning model on certain learning materials like disorders and diseases that attack the human body system.

The students' science achievement is one of the educational problems that need to be considered. Factors that can influence students' science achievement are important to investigate in order to design science learning that is appropriate to students' characteristics in order to support the improvement of students' science achievement. Therefore, this study aims to identify the relationship between logical-thinking ability and students' science achievement. Sampling is done by using a random sampling technique. The sample used in this study were 33 middle school students grade VIII. The research data was collected using tests and observations, which were then analyzed using quantitative descriptive techniques with SPSS 21. The results obtained Pearson correlation values is 0.266 and significance value is 0.135 (Sig.> 0.05), which means that there is an insignificant relationship between logical-thinking ability and students' science achievement.

This research aimed to know teacher perception toward national character education in learning Biology within the concept of sustainable developments. The data collection techniques employed in this research was survey technique with non-test instrument, and the samples of the research itself are teachers in private high schools and public high schools in Yogyakarta. Based on the findings of the research, it can be known that teachers in private and public high schools assumed that learning biology can be integrated with the concept of sustainable development in order to reinforce the students' national character education, resulting 80,17% for private high school and 79,12% for public school. The learning model assumed most corresponding for the learning with the concept were Problem Based Learning with 75% of the total and Socio-Scientific Issue with 24%. Also, as the most potential materials to be taught were Ecology and the Environment Changes.

This study aimed to; (1) find out how often teachers use PjBL during the teaching and learning process of biology, (2) assess the teachers experiences during guiding students on aspects involved in project designing, project implementation, and presenting the project results, and (3) find out how often the students were guided by their teachers on the aspects of project designing, project implementation, and presenting the project result. The research used the qualitative methodology to study 21 biology teachers and 250 teachers from tenth and eleventh grade of 10 state senior high schools in Yogyakarta district between March and May of the academic year 2018 / 2019. The data obtained from teachers' and students' questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The results showed that; (1) most biology teachers (71.4%) frequently use PjBL, (2) majority of the teachers, (59.4%) project designing, (76.9%) project implementation, and (56.4%) presenting of project results felt it relatively easy to guide students on the aspects of PjBL and (3) most students (67.6%) are often guided by their teachers on aspects involved in the project designing, project implementation, and presenting of project results.

This study examined the effects of the brain based learning model to the student's achievement on biology class. Its held on the second grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Mataram. Using the pre-test and post-test group design, two class were divided into two groups. The brain based learning model were apply to the experimental class and other group was instructed conventionally. Each group were compete to acquire the increase of the learning's achievement (cognitive domain). The evidence of this study based on t-test score (t_count > t_table : 3,29 > 1,99), showed the different between the two groups. It can be concluded that the brain based learning model can significantly affect the student's achievement on learning biology for the second grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Mataram.

SMAN 2 Banguntapan is a school that implements character education and the concept of Adiwiyata where the program is a solution to environmental problems to realize the generation responsible for environmental management and support sustainable development. The purpose of this research are: To know and measure the implementation of the value of environmental care character education on biology subject through the concept of adiwiyata manifested in the form of attitude. Data collection techniques and instruments: interview, observation, open and closed questionnaire and document study. Validity test: Triangulation, Member checks, and Correlation between item statement scores and total construct scores. Reliability test: One shot - Cronbach's Alpha. Data analysis: Miles and Huberman, and Likert scale data processing. The results: Implementation of the value of environmental care character education on biological lessons through the concept of adiwiyata integrated in indoor and outdoor learning activities, but in its implementation there are still deficiencies and need to be improved. Then, the value of environmental care education is shown through the attitude of students can be said to be good with a percentage of 76.26% where the results show good quality.

The aims of this study is to develop an observation instrument and test the validity and reliability used to measure the performance of biology teachers to apply TPACK in the learning process. This research is included in the DDR. The steps to develop TPACK observation instruments are, (1) analysis of products to be developed; (2) initial product development; (3) product validation; (4) field trials; and (5) product revisions. TPACK observation instrument was trialed on 11 biology teachers in two provinces, Yogyakarta and Central Java in August 2018, involving 4 rater. Face validity and empirical validity were carried out. Instrument face validity involves 2 expert judgements and empirical validity is determined by looking for Biserial Correlation value. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is used to test reliability. Empirical validity based on the value of Biserial Correlation shows that all items are valid with R count> 0.602. The reliability value of the TPACK instrument disclosed by the ICC is 1,000, which means that the instrument has a high reliability level. In addition, the development of both reliable and valid scale related to the technological pedagogical content knowledge of biology teachers' would be promote further studies.

The study aimed to improve the concept map score through the application of instructional techniques questions in stage of deciding the study group way of collecting data and data analysis in project based learning. The research subjects consisted of 34 high school students. The study is a Class Action Research with three cycles, including: planning to develop lesson plan and its completeness, implementation of actions, observations, and reflections. Data collection is done by observation, assessment to calculate the concept map score, interviews, and documentation. Data validation uses triangulation techniques: verification of suitability of concept map scores and documentation based on expert concept maps and interviews. Data analiyzed used qualitative descriptive conducted by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing based on complete data concept map. The results of the study showed that the instructional technique of the questions in the deciding the study group the way of collecting data and data analysis stage on project based learning increased the students' concept map score of students.

This researchhad the purpose of developing measurement instruments for mastering pedagogical knowledge based on mentoring. The research method using the stages of instrument development refers to test development procedures according to Oriondo&Dallo-Antonio: (1) test design, (2) test trials, (3) determination of validity, and (4) determination of reliability.The sample used was 120 students in the even semester of 2017/2018 academic year in the university of sanatha dharma and University of ahmad dahlan, of biology education study program.Polytomous data were analyzed using Partial Credit Model using the QUEST program. The results showed that as many as 11 items of PK instruments were proven fit with the PCM model using the lowest boundary range criteria of INFIT MNSQ of 0.77 and the highest limit of 1.30, instrument reliability of 0.9 based on the estimation according to the test was high. Item difficulty index starts from 2.35 to 0.93 which means all items are in good category.The results of data analysis on validation can be concluded that the instrument product was suitable to be used as a measurement of pedagogical knowledge ability of mentoring-based must be prioritized in learning for students of biological education.

This research aims for making observation sheet instrument which is valid and reliable that is used to measure the ability in applying Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of biology teachers in learning process. This research categorized Design and Development Research (D & DR) by using 6 development steps according to Peffers, et al and Ellis & Levy. Steps in developing PCK observation instrument are: (1) Identify the problem; 2) Describe the objectives; 3) Design and develop the product; 4) product testing; 5) Evaluate the results of testing; and 6) Communicate the testing results. PCK observation instrument was tested on 11 biology teachers on July-August 2018, involving four raters. Face validity of the instrument involved two experts judgement. Empirical validity acquired by calculating Biserial Correlation value. Instrument reliability determined by calculating Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value. Empirical Validity based on Biserial Correlation value shows that 18 items categorized as valid with R count > 0.602, while 10 items are not valid with R count < 0.602. Reliability of PCK observation instrument shows 0.951 for the ICC value which means the instrument has a high stability based on the agreement between raters (reliable).

The Background of this research is the study of the integration of science and religion in science learning in Islamic Higher Education. The study discusses how to teach biology with Discovery Based Unity of Sciences (DBUS) model to improve students' critical thinking skill. Observation of research at UIN Walisongo and UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Classroom learning uses a discovery based Unity of sciences (DBUS) model. Samples in the study were 96 students of UIN Walisongo and 94 students of UIN Sunan Kalijaga in first year 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. The research used experimental method with T test pre-test post-test experiment. The N-gain obtained by the experimental class is 0.23 is greater than the control group of 0.09 in UIN Walisongo. The gain obtained from the experimental class is 0.54 greater than the control group 0.16 in Sunan Kalijaga UIN. The results of the DBUS model study are feasible to improve critical thinking skills of heredity learning. Content validity between 0.75 to 1.00. Construct validity using Structural equetion model (SEM) method with lisrel analysis 8.7 with loading factor value of all critical thinking skill 0,575 and T-value of DBUS model> 1.96. The effectiveness of DBUS model with statistical test at UIN Walisongo Semarang by value of t value = 9,326 with sig 0,000 <0,05 and UIN Sunan Kalijaga obtained t value = 25,582 with sig value 0,000 <0,05.

One of the skills students must possess in the 21st-century biology learning is scientific argumentation skills. Scientific argumentation skills are associated with a strong understanding of concepts and improved critical thinking skills and scientific literacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the scientific argumentation skills of high school students with different academic abilities. The current study was designed as a survey which involved tenth graders from two public senior schools, SMAN 3 Malang and SMAN 7 Malang. The first served as the representative of students with high academic ability and the latter was appointed to represent the low achievers. The data were analyzed using an independent-samples t-test. The results showed that there were significant differences between the high and ability students' scientific argumentation skills with a p-value of 0.003. Around 10.34% of the high achievers could perform level 1 argumentation skills, 74.41% of them were able to achieve level 2, and 17.24% of the students reported level 3 responses. Among the students with low academic ability, 12% had reached level 1 argumentation skills and 88% of them were only able to achieve level 2, indicating that no one (0%) could answer the test with level 3 responses. This condition suggests that it is important to implement an innovative learning.

Non-curricular strategies have been qualitatively studied towards three leading green schools in Indonesia. These strategies have made those the three green schools reach an amazing success story in achieving national green school award from the government of Indonesia. This study follows a qualitative research paradigm. Content analysis was used to interpret the main pattern of the data resulted from the performed in depth interview upon three school principals. Evidences also collected to confirm the result of interview. According to the analysis, three patterns of strategies can be easily identified. Those the three strategies were related to character building. These non-curricular strategies were habituating Javanese culture to enhance positive ethical attitude, reinforcing student's Islamic spiritual value to raise the respects towards nature and, strengthening student's environmental literacy trough engaging student in research and project-based activities.

This research aims to analyze biology modules based on the analytical thinking skill on the material of the human reproductive system. Research procedure was conducted by making indicators are used to analyze the content and context of modules through observation of classroom learning activities. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of percentage graphs which show that: 1) the five modules display the aspect of attributing the lowest percentage, 2) content has a lower percentage than the context of modules.

The demands of the 21^st century emphasize the importance of cooperation and collaboration in problem solving. Besides that, the element of scientific literacy is also needed by students to have a comprehensive learning experience in aspects of social attitudes skills, cognitive and psychomotor. Therefore, a collaborative learning media in the form of worksheets is required. The purpose of this study was to create collaborative learning student worksheets that is proper empirically on ecology material. This study used 3D model of development; Define, Design and Develop. The instruments used for empirical validity included student collaborative observation activity sheets, student scientific process observation activity sheets, student learning outcomes completeness sheets and student response sheets. Empirically, the result of student collaborative activities was very proper with 93.48%, the activity of students' scientific process was also proper with 85.15%, the completeness of student learning outcomes received 85.87% and the positive response of students got 84.44%.

Environmental attitudes need to be developed by the students in the 21^st century due to the world's worse condition nowadays. Environmental attitudes are defined as someone's internal condition to be willing or unwilling to preserve and take care of the environment in order to keep it stable. Students who possess such attitudes make quite significant impacts on the environmental quality. Besides, environmental attitudes are able to increase problem solving and decision making especially on the environmental issues. The objective of this research is to analyse environmental attitudes of public junior high school students in Ngawi. The participants are 7 graders of public junior high schools in Ngawi. The data are collected by distributing questionnaire concerning environmental attitudes based on NEP by Dunlap. The result indicates that the percentage of students categorized as pro is 38.33%, ones categorized as middle is 60.83%, and ones categorized as anti is 0.83%. Based on the result, it is concluded that the majority of the environmental attitudes of public junior high school students in Ngawi are categorized as middle. It becomes a serious concern to create better environmental quality.

The purpose of this study are: (1) to develop Bio-Monopoli, an educational game as learning media of Human Musculoskeletal System topic for High School students; (2) to find out the appropriateness of the Bio-Monopoli; and (3) to identify whether there is any difference in student's learning motivation pra-experimental and post-experimental using Bio-Monopoli. This was a 'Research and Development' (R & D) study referring to 10 Borg & Gall's stages (1983). The study's subjects are theorist, Biology teacher, media experts, and students of XI IPA of MAN 1 Sleman. Data collected by purposive random and incidental sampling technique using questionnaire. The data of the media's appropriateness were analyzed descriptively. The data of student's learning motivation were analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and N-gain calculation. The result shows that Bio-Monopoli is very good and effective according to the respondents based on media engineering, visual communication, and learning aspect. There is a significant difference of student's learning motivation pra-and post-experimental using Bio-Monopoli. Learning motivation's increase included in moderate criteria with 0.424 in N-gain score.

The purposes of this study are to determine the instrument assessment appropriateness in measuring critical thinking skills and understand the level of critical thinking skills at 10^th-grade senior high school participants of biology subjects at Palembang. This study is about research and development (R & D). The instrument of development model used is a 4-D development model from Thiagarajan, namely; define, design, develop, and disseminate. Aiken's V qualitative and quantitative analysis by using QUEST program was used in this study. The results showed that; 1) Biological assessment instruments used in developing critical thinking skills of senior high school participants of the 10^th class of biology subject are worth to be reviewed in terms of test standard characteristics; and 2) the percentage of critical thinking skills mastery level on interpretation indicators: 46.78%; 44.86% analysis; 41.15% evaluation; 49.12% inference; 47.50% explanation; and self-regulation 54.27%.

Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) is an integration of technology in a learning that based on the material that is being taught. The aim of this research is to develop observation instrument for measuring how the application of TCK of biology in Senior High School during the class. The type of this research is Design and Development Research (D&DR) that based on the development model of Peffers with the steps: 1) problem identification, 2) describe the objectives, 3) design and develop the artifact, 4) test the artifact, 5) evaluate testing result, 6) communicate the testing result. Instrument validity involved judgment from expert while empirical validity was analyzed by using biserial correlation. Instrument reliability uses inter-rater reliability and analyzed by using interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Result of empirical validity shows that from 12 TCK evaluation items, two of them are not valid. While for the reliability, instruments that have been made are reliable with the ICC as much as 0.921.

Often founded more emphasis on memorizing the educational word that makes high level thinking ability of the students seldom trained. The 2013 Curriculum implemented higher-order thinking that encourage students to think critically, logically, reflective and creative. This study aims to describe the questionnaire of preliminary study and creative thinking skills of high school students in Surakarta. This research's type is descriptive qualitative. Sampling techniques used a Purposive Sampling based on the location of the school and the category of schools. Test instruments of students' creative thinking are provided towards four school in Surakarta. Data obtained from questionnaire of preliminary study and creative thinking skills instrument of student`s creative thinking skills. The validity and reliability of the test instrument analyzed quantitatively using the Quest. Internal consistency value is 0.90, it means that the instrument has high reliability. The results of the preliminary study shows that the majority of learning methods used by teacher was discussion (31.9%), lecture (42.2%), and laboratory activities (7.1%). While, the results of the creative thinking skills is shows that the students had very less category (11.2%), had less category (73.9%), and had medium category (14.9%).

Scientific literacy skills are one of the skills required by the students nowadays, especially in biology. Students should master these skills in order to be able to apply scientific knowledge to solve problems related to science. The aim of this study was to investigate male and female senior high school students' scientific literacy skills. The current study employed a survey method. The samples of the study consisted of the eleventh graders from three public senior high schools (SMAN) in Malang: SMAN 8 Malang, SMAN 7 Malang, and SMAN 1 Malang. The research data were analysed using an independent-samples t-test. The analysis result showed that there was a significant difference between male and female students' scientific literacy skills. Female students tend to perform better in scientific literacy skills than male students (p = 0.002). Around 2.33% of the male students were on level 0, 23.26% on level 1, 51.16% on level 2, and 23.26% on level 3. On the other hand, 4.05 % of the female students were found on level 1, 56.76 % on level 2, and 39.19% on level 3. This condition suggests that an innovative learning to empower students' scientific literacy skills needs to be introduced to biology learning.

The study aimed to improve student's Concept map (CM) scores teacher's questions on evaluating data, arriving a conclusion, presenting the project in class as preferred and discussion (evaluating data) stage of Project Based Learning. This research was a classroom action research with 3 Cycles. Procedure of this research are planning to compile the lesson plan, implementation of actions, observation, reflection, and construct expert concept map. The subject of this research consisted of 36 students of senior high school. The research data is the concept map score. Validation use triangulation method. verification of CM scores suitability and documentation based on CM experts and interviews. Data obtained by reducing data, graph transformation, and drawing conclusions. The result of this research showed that the teacher's questions functioned as instructional techniques that improve the CM scores of students.

The improvement of problem solving skills trained onworksheet learning activity through Stimulation Higher Order Thinking skills (Sim-HOTs) model. The goal of the research is improvement problem solving skill in Senior High School Surakarta in metabolism lesson. Subject of this research were students of twelve (12) grade MIPA SMAN 3 Surakarta. Data was collected by using open-ended test based on Mourtus, and divided into six indicators namely defining the problem, exploringthe problem, planning solution, using solution, checking solution and evaluation. Technique analysis data was independent T-test. The result of this research show the aspects of improvemen tstudent's problem solving skills that are defining the problem, checking solution and evaluation

21^st century competencies have contained the purpose of science education. The purpose of science education is to promote scientific literacy among citizens using information and scientific issues in everyday life. Scientific inquiry is a part of science literacy. This study aimed to describe the mastery of middle school students' scientific inquiry literacy and its influence based on gender and school location. The paper test used the instrument to measure scientific inquiry literacy which was based on ScInqLiT (scientific inquiry literacy test) as proposed by Wenning (2007). The study was conducted in four middle schools in Kediri district with 267 students. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by gender (119 boys and 148 girls) and school location (urban and rural areas). The result showed that the girls' mastery of scientific inquiry was higher than the boys', and the urban school students had a higher mastery of scientific inquiry literacy than the rural school students did. Moreover, science learning must be improved with learning methods and teaching materials and also refer to gender as well as school location.

The study aimed to improve student's Concept map (CM) scores through the application of instructional techniques questions in the form of planning investigation according to driving questions (planning) in Project Based Learning. Research is a Class Action Research with 3 Cycles, including: planning to compile the lesson plan and its completeness, implementation of actions, observation, reflection and construct of expert CM. The research subjects consist of 35 high school students. Validation data use triangulation method: verification of CM scores suitability and documentation based on CM experts and interviews. Data analysis is done with qualitative descriptive: reducing, presenting data and drawing conclusions based on complete CM data. The results showed that the teacher's questions functioned as instructional techniques that increased the CM scores of students but variation presented in component CM.

Nowadays the application of Android-based media is currently a trend in science education research. In the subject of Invertebrates, there can be found terms use the Latin or scientific language. Students are having difficulty in following the materials of invertebrates, especially in understanding the terms of invertebrate's body structures. This research aims to know the effect of the implementation of Android-based biology dictionary on invertebrate's subject topic to improve student's learning motivation. Questionnaire is used as instrument in this research. This research used the pretest-posttest control group design. The subject was XI Grader of SMAN 2 Bantul consisted of an experimental class and a control class. The gain scores were analyzed to know the improvement of student's learning motivation. The result shows that Android-based illustrated biology dictionary is able to provide significant effect towards the improvement of student`s learning motivation.

Scientific communication plays a role in delivering concepts, ideas, opinions, the process of an activity, results, conclusions, and recommendations from the source of information to the recipient. This communication is needed by the graduates from the educational unit. Thus, the government also includes this competence as one of the graduate competency standards. This study aimed to determine the profile of the scientific communication of the 7^th grade students of junior high schools (SMP). The type of this research is qualitative research. The data were collected using questionnaires. The results showed that there were 8 students with excellent category, 5 students with good category, and 19 students with adequate category of scientific communication. This research can be used as a reference by the teacher to find out the profile of the scientific communication so that efforts can be made to improve scientific communication if it is still low.

This research aims to know the feasibility and effectivity of interactive biology learning media product of human reproduction system based on adobe flash and to know the influence of application of learning media developed to increase interest and conceptual understanding. This development research refers to the developmental step by Borg & Gall. The field trial subjects in the experimental and the control class consisted of 35 students science second grade 5 and 3 Kota Mungkid High School. Collecting data used questionnaires, interview guides, evaluation media product sheets, interest questionnaire sheets, and concept comprehension tests. Quantitative data analysis techniques used independent t-test. The results showed that the learning media viewed from media experts and material experts categorized good. The result of independent t-test significance value is <0,05 and interest learners have increased was categorized as medium, the early learning interest is 65.1 and the final learning interest is 83.7 in treatment class . So it can be concluded that the learning media used is feasible and effective for use in biology learning process to increase interest and conceptual understanding.

The research aims to increase the student's Concept Map (CM) score through the application of instructional technique questions in the stages of searching for the theoretical background of the driving question in Project Based Learning. Research is a Class Action Research with 3 Cycles, procedure of the research are: planning the lesson plan, implementation of actions, observation, reflection, and construct of expert CM. The research subjects consisted of 32 high school students. Percentage of students's CM score calculated based Novak & Gowin. Validation test uses triangulation method: verification of CM scores suitability and documentation based on CM experts and interviews. Data analyzed as qualitative descriptive by reducing, presenting data and drawing conclusions based on complete CM data. The results shown that the instructional technique of teacher's questions increased the CM scores of students, but variation presented in component CM.

The initial stage of the research was developing a blue print based on learning continuum, formulating divergent test item models, assigning two experts on measurement and one expert on biological education assessment for reviewing, and performing a try out in the field. The population in this research is the hypothetical population that have characteristics such as selected samples by selecting five Public Senior High Schools in Bantul Regency ranging from schools which have gained highest national examination score to that of the lowest which consist of 954 testee. The data were analyzed using the Quest program referring to the Partial Credit Model (PCM). The analysis was performed to determine the validity of test items which have been developed viewed from single, double, and triple trait. The results of the try out show that all items are fitted with PCM for single and double trait based on INFITMNSQ acceptance limits. Meanwhile, one item is not fitted with PCM for triple trait precisely the trait to investigate. When INFIT-t acceptance limit is employed, some items are not fitted. They include 10 items of single trait, 3 items of double trait precisely the trait to design and perform an investigation and 2 items of the trait to report the results of the investigation. In addition, the non-fitted items for triple trait consist of 3 items of the trait to design an investigation, 2 items of the trait to perform an investigation, and 2 items of the trait to report the results of the investigation.

Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK) was a knowledge that must be mastered by the teacher for measuring a suitable technology for supporting the strategic application of teaching. TPK was important to be studied because it was the most influencing aspect for teacher's TPACK. Basically, there was no observation instrument that discovers the TPK of biology teacher. The aim of this research was to develop an observation instrument for measuring TPK of biology teacher in learning process. The method used is design and development research (DDR) by Richey and Klein model. The instrument framework was developed based on educational standard for teacher in Indonesia, and then it was used to develop the items. Instrument will be tested for face validity by evaluation and education experts. Instruments that pass the face validity check were tried out on 11 teachers from six schools in DIY and Central Java region. The result showed that 11 items pass the empirical validity based on point biserial correlation and interater reliability was 0.968 based on intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) - that means all items in the category were reliable. Thus, the observation instrument is qualified to measure the TPK of biology teacher in learning process.

This survey was aimed to assess the student's difficulties in senior high school for learning particular topics in Biology and the problems in the learning process. The survey was conducted in senior high school all around the Lombok island by using questionnaire and surveyed 568 students and 24 biology teachers which then analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative statistics. This survey revealed the difficult topics are bacteria and viruses (18.64%), endocrine system (10.63%), cell structure (8.81%), genetics (8.41%), and nervous system (8.28%). The student's major problems in learning the topics are the use of the scientific name, the complexity of the topics, and the students learning habits. The survey also revealed the teacher's problems in the teaching process in the planning stage (23.27%), implementation stage (48.63%) and evaluation stage (28.10%).

The 21^st-century learning emphasizes the students' ability to find out for a variety of sources, formulate a problem, think analytically, cooperation and collaborate in solving problems. Science process skills are essential competencies that must be achieved in the 21^st century. These skills can also assist students in logical thinking, asking rational questions, and solving problems in their everyday life. The current research aimed to investigate the level of senior high school students' science process skills. This research was a survey which involved four public senior high schools (SMAN), namely SMAN 4 Malang, SMAN 7 Malang, SMA 8 Malang, and SMAN 1 Turen. The research data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a difference between the male students' science process skills and the female students' science process skills (p 0.002). It was reported that 23% of the female students had achieved criteria 1 and around 34% had accomplished criteria 2. On the other hand, 26% of the male students had attained criteria 1 and only 17% of them had performed criteria 2. These findings suggest that an innovative learning model needs to be applied to empower the students' science process skills.

The research aims to find out the profile of students level of knowledge, especially in metacognitive knowledge and critical thinking skills eleventh grade students public senior high school in Bogor City on biology subjects. This research used survey method in descriptive research. The population used were all students of eleventh grade students, the sampling technique was used multistage random sampling. Data collection was carried out with test and non-test techniques, then data would be analyzed using descriptive. Descriptive analysis is used to find out metacognitive knowledge and critical thinking skills student. Based on the results obtained from metacognitive knowledge and critical thinking students on biology subject in the low category. Between aspect of Cognition Knowledge and Cognition Regulation is not significantly different, namely 71.95 and 71.48. Metacognitive results show that metacognitive knowledge is in line with critical thinking skills students.

Lack of students' analytical thinking skills are caused by a lack of stimulation for thinking analysis. Learning tool is a means that can be used to stimulate students' analytical thinking skills. Booklet is a learning tool that can be developed with variations in design and content. Research on the development of a pop up booklet with digestive system has been applied to improve analytical thinking skills of 11^th students at MA AskhabulKahfi. Procedure of development research employs the 4-Dmethod of Thiagrajan. The instruments are in the form of interview, observation, and questions sheets. Test results from both classes are processed using the t-test. The average percentage of assessment from material experts is 89.56%, and media experts up to 87.40%. The average post-test results of the control class are 51, and the experimental class is 68.6. The results of students' responses in small classes up to 77%, while in large classes up to 80%. To compare the average post-test results in both classes, the researchers use the t-test. Based on the t-test, tcount>ttable, the average post-test of experimental class is higher than the control class. So pop up booklets are considered effective to improve students' analytical thinking skills.

Photosynthesis and plant respiration is an important science concept included in the curriculum in many countries, one of which is Indonesia. This topic is repeatedly taught at different age levels from elementary until tertiary education. Students who have misconceptions will assume that the concept they believe is true, but in reality does not conform to the existing scientific concept. Misconceptions will affect students' knowledge. This knowledge will then be brought continuously to the next level of education and affect the learning achievement. Students' thinking styles are one of the factors causing misconceptions. This study aimed to identify misconceptions based on the thinking styles of the seventh grade students about photosynthesis and plant respiration. The method used in this study was survey method. The data were collected by employing Matching Familiar Figure Test (MFFT) and Four Tier Test in three schools with high, medium, and low grades. The result showed that the students with impulsive and slowly imprecise thinking style had a higher percentage of misconception than those with reflective and quickly precise thinking styles. This study can be used as a reference to do remediation of misconceptions to improve the quality of learning.

This study aims to determine the academic and pedagogical competencies of undergraduate (undergrad) students of Biology Education Department FMIPA UNY. This research is a descriptive study with survey techniques. The populations in this study were all undergrad students of the Biology Education Study Program 2016/2017 academic year. Samples were taken purposively as many as 95 undergrad students who participated in the microteaching and Field Experience Program (PPL) activities in 2016. Instrument in this study included questionnaire on academic and pedagogic abilities. The subjects in this study were biology lecturers majoring in microteaching, undergad students who took microteaching courses in the 2016/2017 academic year, and biology teachers who guided the PPL in high schools in Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The results of the research data were analyzed descriptively by looking at the percentage of the academic and pedagogical abilities of the undergrad students. The results showed that Biology Education Study Program students had academic and pedagogical competencies in good categories.

The aimed of this research is to increase Rhynchostylis retusa callus formation through immersing explants in ascorbic acid and planting it on activated charcoal contained medium. It's an experimental research that consist of three factors; i.e. immersion explants in ascorbic acid (immersed and not immersed), kind of in-vitro culture medium (not-contained (as control), pro-analysis activated charcoal contained and commercial activated charcoal contained), and the type of expants (leaf and root). The source of explants used are 18 months after planting (map) Rhynchostylis retusa orchids plants in in-vitro cultures. The explants condition (the level of browning) and callus formation (the percentage of callus forming explants, the time of callus appearance, and callus diameters) were observed at8 weeks after planting (wap).The result show that callus formation can be induced by medium that contain activated charcoal of both kind (pro-analysis or commercial).Combination of the treatment with explants immersionin ascorbic acid before planting can increase the callus formation. The root explants form higher callus diameters (0,563 mm) than leaf (0,298 mm).

This study aims to determine the extent to which the use of non-classroom learning methods in high school. The environment is a natural laboratory that is available which must be utilized maximally in learning. By learning outside the classroom students will be faster in understanding the material to be studied because they are directly dealing with objects. The method used in this study is a meta-analysis. Data is collected from various literature relating to outdoor learning. Data collection techniques are using primary and secondary data. Conclusions can be shown after the data is analyzed. The results of this study are to determine the effectiveness of the use of outdoor learning that is adapted to the subject matter that is suitable for outdoor learning. The environment is a real object and can be used directly by students in learning. Many objects found in the environment can be used as a source of learning for students.