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How to calculate the fractal dimension of a complex network: the box covering algorithm

Chaoming Song1, Lazaros K Gallos1, Shlomo Havlin2 and Hernán A Makse1

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Covering a network with the minimum possible number of boxes can reveal interesting features for the network structure, especially in terms of self-similar or fractal characteristics. Considerable attention has been recently devoted to this problem, with the finding that many real networks are self-similar fractals. Here we present, compare and study in detail a number of algorithms that we have used in previous papers towards this goal. We show that this problem can be mapped to the well-known graph colouring problem and then we simply can apply well-established algorithms. This seems to be the most efficient method, but we also present two other algorithms based on burning which provide a number of other benefits. We argue that the algorithms presented provide a solution close to optimal and that another algorithm that can significantly improve this result in an efficient way does not exist. We offer to anyone that finds such a method to cover his/her expenses for a one-week trip to our lab in New York (details in http://jamlab.org).


Keywords

analysis of algorithms

growth processes

PACS

05.45.Df Fractals

02.10.Ox Combinatorics; graph theory

02.50.Cw Probability theory

89.75.Hc Networks and genealogical trees

02.50.Ng Distribution theory and Monte Carlo studies

MSC

05C15 Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs

28A80 Fractals (See also 37Fxx)

Subjects

Mathematical physics

Computational physics

Statistical physics and nonlinear systems

Dates

Issue 03 (March 2007)

Received 11 December 2006, accepted for publication 11 February 2007

Published 5 March 2007



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