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Response of a hexagonal granular packing under a localized external force: exact results

Srdjan Ostojic and Debabrata Panja

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We study the response of a two-dimensional hexagonal packing of massless, rigid, frictionless spherical grains due to a vertically downward point force on a single grain in the top layer. We use a statistical approach, where each mechanically stable configuration of contact forces is equally likely. We show that this problem is equivalent to a correlated q-model. We find that the response is double peaked, where the two peaks, sharp and single-grain-diameter wide, lie on the two downward lattice directions emanating from the point of application of the external force. For systems of finite size, the magnitude of these peaks decreases towards the bottom of the packing, while progressively a broader, central maximum appears between the peaks. The response behaviour displays a remarkable scaling behaviour with system size N: while the response in the bulk of the packing scales as 1/N, on the boundary it is independent of N, so in the thermodynamic limit only the peaks on the lattice directions persist. This qualitative behaviour is extremely robust, as demonstrated by our simulation results with different boundary conditions. We have obtained exact expressions for the response and higher correlations for any system size in terms of integers corresponding to an underlying discrete structure.


Keywords

granular matter

 

E-print Number: cond-mat/0409160

Cited: by |

Refers: to

PACS

45.70.-n Granular systems

46.55.+d Tribology and mechanical contacts

MSC

74E20 Granularity

Subjects

Condensed matter: structural, mechanical & thermal

Statistical physics and nonlinear systems

Dates

Issue 01 (January 2005)

Received 27 September 2004, accepted for publication 12 January 2005

Published 31 January 2005



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