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Synchronous neural interactions assessed by magnetoencephalography: a functional biomarker for brain disorders*

Apostolos P Georgopoulos1,2,3,4,5,6,7,16, Elissaios Karageorgiou1,2, Arthur C Leuthold1,2,7, Scott M Lewis1,3,7, Joshua K Lynch1,2, Aurelio A Alonso1,8, Zaheer Aslam4,9, Adam F Carpenter3, Angeliki Georgopoulos10,11, Laura S Hemmy4,12, Ioannis G Koutlas1,13, Frederick J P Langheim1,6,7, J Riley McCarten3,12, Susan E McPherson3,9, José V Pardo4,9, Patricia J Pardo1,4,7,14, Gareth J Parry3, Susan J Rottunda12, Barbara M Segal10, Scott R Sponheim1,9,14, John J Stanwyck15, Massoud Stephane4,9 and Joseph J Westermeyer4,9

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We report on a test to assess the dynamic brain function at high temporal resolution using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The essence of the test is the measurement of the dynamic synchronous neural interactions, an essential aspect of the brain function. MEG signals were recorded from 248 axial gradiometers while 142 human subjects fixated a spot of light for 45–60 s. After fitting an autoregressive integrative moving average (ARIMA) model and taking the stationary residuals, all pairwise, zero-lag, partial cross-correlations (PCCij0) and their z-transforms (zij0) between i and j sensors were calculated, providing estimates of the strength and sign (positive, negative) of direct synchronous coupling at 1 ms temporal resolution. We found that subsets of zij0 successfully classified individual subjects to their respective groups (multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, Sjögren's syndrome, chronic alcoholism, facial pain, healthy controls) and gave excellent external cross-validation results.


Footnote
*  Contribution by the authors: Designed research (APG); acquired data (AAA, IGK, FJPL, ACL, SML, JJS); analyzed data (APG, EK, ACL, JKL); wrote the paper (APG, EK, ACL, SML); contributed subjects (AAA, ZA, AFC, AG, LSH, IGK, FJPL, SML, JRM, SEM, JVP, PJP, GJP, SJR, BMS, SRS, MS, JJS, JJW); discussed results (All); contributed equally (ZA, AFC, AG, LSH, FJPL, JRM, SEM, JVP, PJP, GJP, SJR, BMS, SRS, MS, JJS, JJW).
PACS

87.85.Ng Biological signal processing

87.19.L- Neuroscience

87.19.X- Diseases

02.50.Ey Stochastic processes

Subjects

Computational physics

Medical physics

Biological physics

Dates

Issue 4 (December 2007)

Received 10 May 2007, accepted for publication 4 July 2007

Published 27 August 2007



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