M. Cuntz et al 2009 ApJ 706 L178 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/706/1/L178
M. Cuntz1, D. Roy1,2 and Z. E. Musielak1,3
Show affiliationsA significant controversy regarding the climate history of the Earth and its relationship to the development of complex life forms concerns the rise of oxygen in the early Earth's atmosphere. Geological records show that this rise occurred about 2.4 Gyr ago, when the atmospheric oxygen increased from less than 10–5 present atmospheric level (PAL) to more than 0.01 PAL and possibly above 0.1 PAL. However, there is a debate whether this rise happened relatively smoothly or with well-pronounced ups and downs (the Yoyo model). In our study, we explore a simplified atmospheric chemical system consisting of oxygen, methane, and carbon that is driven by the sudden decline of the net input of reductants to the surface as previously considered by Goldblatt et al. Based on the transition stability analysis for the system equations, constituting a set of non-autonomous and non-linear differential equations, as well as the inspection of the Lyapunov exponents, it is found that the equations do not exhibit chaotic behavior. In addition, the rise of oxygen occurs relative smoothly, possibly with minor bumps (within a factor of 1.2), but without major jumps. This result clearly argues against the Yoyo model in agreement with recent geological findings.
Issue 1 (2009 November 20)
Received 2009 June 16, accepted for publication 2009 October 16
Published 2009 November 5
M. Cuntz et al 2009 ApJ 706 L178
R. L. Stamps and K. D. Usadel 2006 Europhys. Lett. 74 512
K. Vollmayr-Lee and E. A. Baker 2006 Europhys. Lett. 76 1130
Dominic W Berry and Barry C Sanders 2002 New J. Phys. 4 8
M. J. Henrich et al 2006 Europhys. Lett. 76 1057
Y. M. Galperin et al 2005 Europhys. Lett. 71 21
T.-C. Wei et al 2006 Europhys. Lett. 75 943
Josef Schriefl et al 2006 New J. Phys. 8 1
O. Ciftja 2006 Europhys. Lett. 74 486
R Mir et al 2007 New J. Phys. 9 287