Fermi Observations of GRB 090902B: A Distinct Spectral Component in the Prompt and Delayed Emission

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/706/1/L138

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A. A. Abdo et al 2009 ApJ 706 L138 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/706/1/L138

FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 090902B: A DISTINCT SPECTRAL COMPONENT IN THE PROMPT AND DELAYED EMISSION

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A. A. Abdo^1,2, M. Ackermann³, M. Ajello³, K. Asano^4,5, W. B. Atwood⁶, M. Axelsson^7,8, L. Baldini⁹, J. Ballet¹⁰, G. Barbiellini^11,12, M. G. Baring¹³, D. Bastieri^14,15, K. Bechtol³, R. Bellazzini⁹, B. Berenji³, P. N. Bhat¹⁶, E. Bissaldi¹⁷, R. D. Blandford³, E. D. Bloom³, E. Bonamente^18,19, A. W. Borgland³, A. Bouvier³, J. Bregeon⁹, A. Brez⁹, M. S. Briggs¹⁶, M. Brigida^20,21, P. Bruel²², J. M. Burgess¹⁶, D. N. Burrows²³, S. Buson¹⁵, G. A. Caliandro^20,21, R. A. Cameron³, P. A. Caraveo²⁴, J. M. Casandjian¹⁰, C. Cecchi^18,19, Ö. Çelik^25,26,27, A. Chekhtman^1,28, C. C. Cheung^1,2,25, J. Chiang³, S. Ciprini^18,19, R. Claus³, J. Cohen-Tanugi²⁹, L. R. Cominsky³⁰, V. Connaughton¹⁶, J. Conrad^8,31,63, S. Cutini³², V. d'Elia³², C. D. Dermer¹, A. de Angelis³³, F. de Palma^20,21, S. W. Digel³, B. L. Dingus³⁴, E. do Couto e Silva³, P. S. Drell³, R. Dubois³, D. Dumora^35,36, C. Farnier²⁹, C. Favuzzi^20,21, S. J. Fegan²², J. Finke^1,2, G. Fishman³⁷, W. B. Focke³, P. Fortin²², M. Frailis³³, Y. Fukazawa³⁸, S. Funk³, P. Fusco^20,21, F. Gargano²¹, N. Gehrels^23,25,39, S. Germani^18,19, G. Giavitto⁴⁰, B. Giebels²², N. Giglietto^20,21, F. Giordano^20,21, T. Glanzman³, G. Godfrey³, A. Goldstein¹⁶, J. Granot⁴¹, J. Greiner¹⁷, I. A. Grenier¹⁰, J. E. Grove¹, L. Guillemot⁴², S. Guiriec¹⁶, Y. Hanabata³⁸, A. K. Harding²⁵, M. Hayashida³, E. Hays²⁵, D. Horan²², R. E. Hughes⁴³, M. S. Jackson^8,31,44, G. Jóhannesson³, A. S. Johnson³, R. P. Johnson⁶, W. N. Johnson¹, T. Kamae³, H. Katagiri³⁸, J. Kataoka^4,45, N. Kawai^4,46, M. Kerr⁴⁷, R. M. Kippen³⁴, J. Knödlseder⁴⁸, D. Kocevski³, N. Komin^10,29, C. Kouveliotou³⁷, M. Kuss⁹, J. Lande³, L. Latronico⁹, M. Lemoine-Goumard^35,36, F. Longo^11,12, F. Loparco^20,21, B. Lott^35,36, M. N. Lovellette¹, P. Lubrano^18,19, G. M. Madejski³, A. Makeev^1,28, M. N. Mazziotta²¹, S. McBreen^17,49, J. E. McEnery^25,39, S. McGlynn^8,44, C. Meegan⁵⁰, P. Mészáros²³, C. Meurer^8,31, P. F. Michelson³, W. Mitthumsiri³, T. Mizuno³⁸, A. A. Moiseev^26,39, C. Monte^20,21, M. E. Monzani³, E. Moretti^11,12,40, A. Morselli⁵¹, I. V. Moskalenko³, S. Murgia³, T. Nakamori⁴, P. L. Nolan³, J. P. Norris⁵², E. Nuss²⁹, M. Ohno⁵³, T. Ohsugi³⁸, N. Omodei⁹, E. Orlando¹⁷, J. F. Ormes⁵², W. S. Paciesas¹⁶, D. Paneque³, J. H. Panetta³, V. Pelassa²⁹, M. Pepe^18,19, M. Pesce-Rollins⁹, V. Petrosian³, F. Piron²⁹, T. A. Porter⁶, R. Preece¹⁶, S. Rainò^20,21, R. Rando^14,15, A. Rau¹⁷, M. Razzano⁹, S. Razzaque^1,2, A. Reimer^3,54, O. Reimer^3,54, T. Reposeur^35,36, S. Ritz⁶, L. S. Rochester³, A. Y. Rodriguez⁵⁵, P. W. A. Roming²³, M. Roth⁴⁷, F. Ryde^8,44, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski⁶, D. Sanchez²², A. Sander⁴³, P. M. Saz Parkinson⁶, J. D. Scargle⁵⁶, T. L. Schalk⁶, C. Sgrò⁹, E. J. Siskind⁵⁷, P. D. Smith⁴³, P. Spinelli^20,21, M. Stamatikos^25,43, F. W. Stecker²⁵, G. Stratta³², M. S. Strickman¹, D. J. Suson⁵⁸, C. A. Swenson²³, H. Tajima³, H. Takahashi³⁸, T. Tanaka³, J. B. Thayer³, J. G. Thayer³, D. J. Thompson²⁵, L. Tibaldo^10,14,15, D. F. Torres^55,59, G. Tosti^18,19, A. Tramacere^3,60, Y. Uchiyama^3,53, T. Uehara³⁸, T. L. Usher³, A. J. van der Horst^37,64, V. Vasileiou^25,26,27, N. Vilchez⁴⁸, V. Vitale^51,61, A. von Kienlin¹⁷, A. P. Waite³, P. Wang³, C. Wilson-Hodge³⁷, B. L. Winer⁴³, K. S. Wood¹, R. Yamazaki³⁸, T. Ylinen^8,44,62 and M. Ziegler⁶

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¹ Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
² National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA
³ W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
⁴ Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
⁵ Interactive Research Center of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
⁶ Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
⁷ Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
⁸ The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
⁹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
¹⁰ Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
¹¹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
¹² Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
¹³ Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS-108, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA
¹⁴ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
¹⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Galilei," Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
¹⁶ University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
¹⁷ Max-Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
¹⁸ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
¹⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
²⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
²¹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
²² Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
²³ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
²⁴ INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy
²⁵ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
²⁶ Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
²⁷ University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
²⁸ George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
²⁹ Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
³⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928-3609, USA
³¹ Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
³² Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
³³ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
³⁴ Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
³⁵ Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, Gradignan, 33175, France
³⁶ CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, Gradignan, 33175, France
³⁷ NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
³⁸ Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
³⁹ University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
⁴⁰ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, and Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
⁴¹ Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
⁴² Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁴³ Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
⁴⁴ Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
⁴⁵ Waseda University, 1-104 Totsukamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
⁴⁶ Cosmic Radiation Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
⁴⁷ Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
⁴⁸ Centre d'Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, BP 44346, F-30128 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
⁴⁹ University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
⁵⁰ Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Columbia, MD 21044, USA
⁵¹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy
⁵² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
⁵³ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
⁵⁴ Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
⁵⁵ Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
⁵⁶ Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
⁵⁷ NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560-1025, USA
⁵⁸ Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323-2094, USA
⁵⁹ Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
⁶⁰ Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I-10133 Torino, Italy
⁶¹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," I-00133 Roma, Italy
⁶² School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
⁶³ Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.
⁶⁴ NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA.

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Abstract References Cited By

We report on the observation of the bright, long gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 090902B, by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) instruments on-board the Fermi observatory. This was one of the brightest GRBs to have been observed by the LAT, which detected several hundred photons during the prompt phase. With a redshift of z = 1.822, this burst is among the most luminous detected by Fermi. Time-resolved spectral analysis reveals a significant power-law component in the LAT data that is distinct from the usual Band model emission that is seen in the sub-MeV energy range. This power-law component appears to extrapolate from the GeV range to the lowest energies and is more intense than the Band component, both below ~50 keV and above 100 MeV. The Band component undergoes substantial spectral evolution over the entire course of the burst, while the photon index of the power-law component remains constant for most of the prompt phase, then hardens significantly toward the end. After the prompt phase, power-law emission persists in the LAT data as late as 1 ks post-trigger, with its flux declining as t ^–1.5. The LAT detected a photon with the highest energy so far measured from a GRB, 33.4^+2.7 _–3.5 GeV. This event arrived 82 s after the GBM trigger and ~50 s after the prompt phase emission had ended in the GBM band. We discuss the implications of these results for models of GRB emission and for constraints on models of the extragalactic background light.

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FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 090902B: A DISTINCT SPECTRAL COMPONENT IN THE PROMPT AND DELAYED EMISSION

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