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COLLISIONAL STRIPPING AND DISRUPTION OF SUPER-EARTHS

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Robert A. Marcus1, Sarah T. Stewart2, Dimitar Sasselov1 and Lars Hernquist1

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The final stage of planet formation is dominated by collisions between planetary embryos. The dynamics of this stage determine the orbital configuration and the mass and composition of planets in the system. In the solar system, late giant impacts have been proposed for Mercury, Earth, Mars, and Pluto. In the case of Mercury, this giant impact may have significantly altered the bulk composition of the planet. Here we present the results of smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of high-velocity (up to ~5v esc) collisions between 1 and 10 M planets of initially terrestrial composition to investigate the end stages of formation of extrasolar super-Earths. As found in previous simulations of collisions between smaller bodies, when collision energies exceed simple merging, giant impacts are divided into two regimes: (1) disruption and (2) hit-and-run (a grazing inelastic collision and projectile escape). Disruption occurs when the impact parameter is near zero, when the projectile mass is small compared to the target, or at extremely high velocities. In the disruption regime, we derive the criteria for catastrophic disruption (when half the total colliding mass is lost), the transition energy between accretion and erosion, and a scaling law for the change in bulk composition (iron-to-silicate ratio) resulting from collisional stripping of a mantle.


Keywords

planetary systems: formation; planets and satellites: formation


PACS

96.10.+i General, solar nebula, and cosmogony

95.30.Ft Molecular and chemical processes and interactions

97.82.-j Extrasolar planetary systems

MSC

85A30 Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic problems (See also 76Y05)

Subjects

Atomic and molecular physics

Astrophysics and astroparticles

Dates

Issue 2 (2009 August 1)

Received 2009 May 15, accepted for publication 2009 June 23

Published 2009 July 13



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