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EVIDENCE FOR LONG-TERM GAMMA-RAY AND X-RAY VARIABILITY FROM THE UNIDENTIFIED TeV SOURCE HESS J0632+057

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V. A. Acciari1, E. Aliu2, T. Arlen3, M. Beilicke4, W. Benbow1, D. Boltuch2, S. M. Bradbury5, J. H. Buckley4, V. Bugaev4, K. Byrum6, A. Cannon7, A. Cesarini8, A. Cesarini8, Y. C. Chow3, L. Ciupik9, P. Cogan10, R. Dickherber4, C. Duke11, T. Ergin12, A. Falcone13, S. J. Fegan3, J. P. Finley14, G. Finnegan15, P. Fortin16, L. Fortson9, A. Furniss17, K. Gibbs1, G. H. Gillanders8, J. Grube7, R. Guenette10, G. Gyuk9, D. Hanna10, J. Holder2, D. Horan18, C. M. Hui15, T. B. Humensky19, A. Imran20, P. Kaaret21, N. Karlsson9, M. Kertzman22, D. Kieda15, J. Kildea1, A. Konopelko23, H. Krawczynski4, F. Krennrich20, M. J. Lang8, S. LeBohec15, S. LeBohec15, G. Maier10,29, A. McCann10, M. McCutcheon10, J. Millis24, J. Millis24, P. Moriarty25, R. Mukherjee16, R. A. Ong3, A. N. Otte17, D. Pandel21, J. S. Perkins1, D. Petry26, M. Pohl20, J. Quinn7, K. Ragan10, L. C. Reyes27, P. T. Reynolds28, H. J. Rose5, M. Schroedter20, G. H. Sembroski14, A. W. Smith6, D. Steele9, S. Swordy19, M. Theiling1, J. A. Toner8, A. Varlotta14, V. V. Vassiliev3, S. Vincent15, R. G. Wagner6, S. P. Wakely19, J. E. Ward7, T. C. Weekes1, A. Weinstein3, T. Weisgarber19, D. A. Williams17, S. Wissel19 and M. Wood3

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HESS J0632+057 is one of only two unidentified very-high-energy gamma-ray sources which appear to be point-like within experimental resolution. It is possibly associated with the massive Be star MWC 148 and has been suggested to resemble known TeV binary systems like LS I +61 303 or LS 5039. HESS J0632+057 was observed by VERITAS for 31 hr in 2006, 2008, and 2009. During these observations, no significant signal in gamma rays with energies above 1 TeV was detected from the direction of HESS J0632+057. A flux upper limit corresponding to 1.1% of the flux of the Crab Nebula has been derived from the VERITAS data. The nondetection by VERITAS excludes with a probability of 99.993% that HESS J0632+057 is a steady gamma-ray emitter. Contemporaneous X-ray observations with the Swift X-Ray Telescope reveal a factor of 1.8 ± 0.4 higher flux in the 1-10 keV range than earlier X-ray observations of HESS J0632+057. The variability in the gamma-ray and X-ray fluxes supports interpretation of the object as a gamma-ray emitting binary.


Keywords

acceleration of particles; binaries: general; gamma rays: observations; stars: individual (HESS J0632+057, MWC 148)


PACS

98.70.Rz &ggr;-ray sources; &ggr;-ray bursts

97.80.Jp X-ray binaries

95.85.Nv X-ray

95.85.Pw &ggr;-ray

Subjects

Astrophysics and astroparticles

Dates

Issue 2 (2009 June 20)

Received 2009 April 28, accepted for publication 2009 May 19

Published 2009 May 28



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