Exploring the Outer Solar System with the ESSENCE Supernova Survey

doi:10.1086/590429

The Astrophysical Journal Letters

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The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume 682 Number 1 Create an alert RSS this journal

A. C. Becker et al 2008 ApJ 682 L53 doi:10.1086/590429

Exploring the Outer Solar System with the ESSENCE Supernova Survey

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A. C. Becker¹, K. Arraki¹, N. A. Kaib¹, W. M. Wood-Vasey², C. Aguilera³, J. W. Blackman⁴, S. Blondin², P. Challis², A. Clocchiatti⁵, R. Covarrubias⁶, G. Damke³, T. M. Davis^7,8, A. V. Filippenko⁹, R. J. Foley⁹, A. Garg^2,10, P. M. Garnavich¹¹, M. Hicken^2,10, S. Jha^10,12, R. P. Kirshner², K. Krisciunas^11,13, B. Leibundgut¹⁴, W. Li⁹, T. Matheson¹⁵, A. Miceli¹, G. Miknaitis¹⁶, G. Narayan^2,10, G. Pignata¹⁷, J. L. Prieto¹⁸, A. Rest^3,10, A. G. Riess^19,20, M. E. Salvo⁴, B. P. Schmidt⁴, R. C. Smith³, J. Sollerman^7,21, J. Spyromilio¹⁴, C. W. Stubbs^2,10, N. B. Suntzeff^3,13, J. L. Tonry²² and A. Zenteno³

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¹ Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580
² Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
³ Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), Colina El Pino, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
⁴ Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, P.O. 2611, Australia
⁵ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
⁶ Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101
⁷ Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
⁸ Department of Physics, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
¹⁰ Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
¹¹ Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670
¹² Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 29, Menlo Park, CA 94025
¹³ Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242
¹⁴ European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
¹⁵ National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719-4933
¹⁶ Fermilab, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510-0500
¹⁷ Departamento de Astronomiá, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
¹⁸ Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
¹⁹ Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218
²⁰ Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
²¹ Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
²² Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822

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Abstract References Cited By

We report the discovery and orbital determination of 14 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey difference imaging data set. Two additional objects discovered in a similar search of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey database were recovered in this effort. ESSENCE repeatedly observed fields far from the solar system ecliptic (–21° < β < –5°), reaching limiting magnitudes per observation of I ≈ 23.1 and R ≈ 23.7. We examine several of the newly detected objects in detail, including 2003 UC₄₁₄, which orbits entirely between Uranus and Neptune and lies very close to a dynamical region that would make it stable for the lifetime of the solar system. 2003 SS₄₂₂ and 2007 TA₄₁₈ have high eccentricities and large perihelia, making them candidate members of an outer class of TNOs. We also report a new member of the "extended" or "detached" scattered disk, 2004 VN₁₁₂, and verify the stability of its orbit using numerical simulations. This object would have been visible to ESSENCE for only ~2% of its orbit, suggesting a vast number of similar objects across the sky. We emphasize that off-ecliptic surveys are optimal for uncovering the diversity of such objects, which in turn will constrain the history of gravitational influences that shaped our early solar system.

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