An Exceptional Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Flare of PKS 2155–304

doi:10.1086/520635

The Astrophysical Journal Letters

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F. Aharonian et al 2007 ApJ 664 L71 doi:10.1086/520635

An Exceptional Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Flare of PKS 2155–304

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F. Aharonian^1,2,3, A. G. Akhperjanian⁴, A. R. Bazer-Bachi⁵, B. Behera⁶, M. Beilicke⁷, W. Benbow², D. Berge^2,8, K. Bernlöhr^2,9, C. Boisson¹⁰, O. Bolz², V. Borrel⁵, T. Boutelier¹¹, I. Braun², E. Brion¹², A. M. Brown¹³, R. Bühler², I. Büsching¹⁴, T. Bulik¹⁵, S. Carrigan², P. M. Chadwick¹³, A. C. Clapson², L.-M. Chounet¹⁶, G. Coignet¹⁷, R. Cornils⁷, L. Costamante^2,18, B. Degrange¹⁶, H. J. Dickinson¹³, A. Djannati-Ataï¹⁹, W. Domainko², L. O'C. Drury³, G. Dubus¹⁶, J. Dyks¹⁵, K. Egberts², D. Emmanoulopoulos⁶, P. Espigat¹⁹, C. Farnier²⁰, F. Feinstein²⁰, A. Fiasson²⁰, A. Förster², G. Fontaine¹⁶, Seb. Funk⁹, S. Funk², M. Füßling⁹, Y. A. Gallant²⁰, B. Giebels¹⁶, J. F. Glicenstein¹², B. Glück²¹, P. Goret¹², C. Hadjichristidis¹³, D. Hauser², M. Hauser⁶, G. Heinzelmann⁷, G. Henri¹¹, G. Hermann², J. A. Hinton^2,6,22, A. Hoffmann²³, W. Hofmann², M. Holleran¹⁴, S. Hoppe², D. Horns²³, A. Jacholkowska²⁰, O. C. de Jager¹⁴, E. Kendziorra²³, M. Kerschhaggl⁹, B. Khélifi^2,16, Nu. Komin²⁰, K. Kosack², G. Lamanna¹⁷, I. J. Latham¹³, R. Le Gallou¹³, A. Lemière¹⁹, M. Lemoine-Goumard¹⁶, J.-P. Lenain¹⁰, T. Lohse⁹, J. M. Martin¹⁰, O. Martineau-Huynh²⁴, A. Marcowith²⁰, C. Masterson³, G. Maurin¹⁹, T. J. L. McComb¹³, R. Moderski¹⁵, E. Moulin^12,20, M. de Naurois²⁴, D. Nedbal²⁵, S. J. Nolan¹³, J-P. Olive⁵, K. J. Orford¹³, J. L. Osborne¹³, M. Ostrowski²⁶, M. Panter², G. Pedaletti⁶, G. Pelletier¹¹, P.-O. Petrucci¹¹, S. Pita¹⁹, G. Pühlhofer⁶, M. Punch¹⁹, S. Ranchon¹⁷, B. C. Raubenheimer¹⁴, M. Raue⁷, S. M. Rayner¹³, M. Renaud², J. Ripken⁷, L. Rob²⁵, L. Rolland¹², S. Rosier-Lees¹⁷, G. Rowell^2,27, B. Rudak¹⁵, J. Ruppel²⁸, V. Sahakian⁴, A. Santangelo²³, L. Saugé¹¹, S. Schlenker⁹, R. Schlickeiser²⁸, R. Schröder²⁸, U. Schwanke⁹, S. Schwarzburg²³, S. Schwemmer⁶, A. Shalchi²⁸, H. Sol¹⁰, D. Spangler¹³, Ł. Stawarz²⁶, R. Steenkamp²⁹, C. Stegmann²¹, G. Superina¹⁶, P. H. Tam⁶, J.-P. Tavernet²⁴, R. Terrier¹⁹, C. van Eldik², G. Vasileiadis²⁰, C. Venter¹⁴, J. P. Vialle¹⁷, P. Vincent²⁴, M. Vivier¹², H. J. Völk², F. Volpe¹⁶, S. J. Wagner⁶, M. Ward¹³ and A. A. Zdziarski¹⁵

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Wystan.Benbow@mpi-hd.mpg.de Berrie.Giebels@poly.in2p3.fr

¹ Correspondence and request for material should be addressed to
² Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
³ Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland
⁴ Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia
⁵ Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, Toulouse, France
⁶ Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, Germany
⁷ Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Germany
⁸ Now at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
⁹ Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
¹⁰ LUTH, UMR 8102 du CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, Section de Meudon, France
¹¹ Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, INSU/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
¹² DAPNIA/DSM/CEA, CE Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
¹³ University of Durham, Department of Physics, UK
¹⁴ Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
¹⁵ Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Warsaw, Poland
¹⁶ Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France
¹⁷ Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
¹⁸ European Associated Laboratory for Gamma-Ray Astronomy, jointly supported by CNRS and MPG
¹⁹ APC, Paris, France
²⁰ Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
²¹ Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Germany
²² Now at University of Leeds, UK
²³ Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Germany
²⁴ LPNHE, IN2P3/CNRS, Universités Paris VI and VII, France
²⁵ Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
²⁶ Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, Poland
²⁷ Now at University of Adelaide, Australia
²⁸ Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
²⁹ University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia

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The Astrophysical Journal Letters

The Astrophysical Journal Letters

An Exceptional Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Flare of PKS 2155–304

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High-energy γ-ray astronomy and string theory

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