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N2H+ and C18O Depletion in a Cold Dark Cloud

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Edwin A. Bergin1, João Alves2, Tracy Huard1 and Charles J. Lada1

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We present sensitive, high angular resolution molecular line observations of C18O and N2H+ toward the dark globule B68. We directly compare these data with the near-infrared extinction measurements of Alves, Lada, & Lada to derive the first evidence for the depletion of N2H+, and by inference N2, in a prestellar dark cloud. We also find widespread C18O depletion throughout the centrally condensed core of the B68 cloud. Specifically, we find the N2H+ emission to peak in a shell partially surrounding the peak of dust extinction. Moreover, N2H+ peaks inside the much larger C18O depletion hole and has a smaller depletion zone, confirming theoretical predictions. These data are analyzed through a direct coupling of time-dependent chemical models to a radiation transfer code. This analysis highlights the importance of photodissociation at cloud edges and suggests that the CO abundance declines by 2 orders of magnitude from edge to center. In contrast, N2H+ declines in abundance, at minimum, by at least a factor of 2. Indeed, it is entirely possible that both N2H+ and N2 are completely absent from the central regions of the B68 core. The depletion of N2H+, and its parent molecule N2, opens up the possibility that the centers of dense cores, prior to the formation of a star, may evade detection by conventional methods of probing cores using molecular emission. Under these conditions, H2D+ may be the sole viable molecular probe of the innermost regions of star-forming cores.


Subject headings

dust, extinction; ISM: abundances; ISM: clouds; ISM: individual (B68); ISM: molecules; stars: formation


Dates

Issue 2 (2002 May 10)

Received 2002 March 11, accepted for publication 2002 March 29

Published 2002 April 10



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