Steven P Gross 2004 Phys. Biol. 1 R1 doi:10.1088/1478-3967/1/2/R01
Hither and yon: a review of bi-directional microtubule-based transport
REVIEW ARTICLESteven P Gross
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Active transport is critical for cellular organization and function, and impaired transport has been linked to diseases such as neuronal degeneration. Much long distance transport in cells uses opposite polarity molecular motors of the kinesin and dynein families to move cargos along microtubules. It is increasingly clear that many cargos are moved by both sets of motors, and frequently reverse course. This review compares this bi-directional transport to the more well studied uni-directional transport. It discusses some bi-directionally moving cargos, and critically evaluates three different physical models for how such transport might occur. It then considers the evidence for the number of active motors per cargo, and how the net or average direction of transport might be controlled. The likelihood of a complex linking the activities of kinesin and dynein is also discussed. The paper concludes by reviewing elements of apparent universality between different bi-directionally moving cargos and by briefly considering possible reasons for the existence of bi-directional transport.
- PACS
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87.16.Ka Filaments, microtubules, their networks, and supramolecular assemblies
87.16.D- Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles
- Subjects
- Dates
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Issue 2 (June 2004)
Received 12 May 2004, accepted for publication 27 May 2004
Published 24 June 2004
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Hither and yon: a review of bi-directional microtubule-based transport
Steven P Gross 2004 Phys. Biol. 1 R1
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