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A solution to the anisotropy problem in bouncing cosmologies

Valerio Bozzaa,b and Marco Brunic

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Bouncing cosmologies are often proposed as alternatives to standard inflation for the explanation of the homogeneity and flatness of the universe. In such scenarios, the present cosmological expansion is preceded by a contraction phase. However, during the contraction, in general the anisotropy of the universe grows and eventually leads to a chaotic mixmaster behavior. This would either be hard to reconcile with observations or even lead to a singularity instead of the bounce. In order to preserve a smooth and isotropic bounce, the source for the contraction must have a super-stiff equation of state with P/ρ = w > 1. In this letter we propose a new mechanism to solve the anisotropy problem for any low-energy value of w by arguing that high energy physics leads to a modification of the equation of state, with the introduction of non-linear terms. In such a scenario, the anisotropy is strongly suppressed during the high energy phase, allowing for a graceful isotropic bounce, even when the low-energy value of w is smaller than unity.

Keywords

cosmic singularity

quantum cosmology

alternatives to inflation

string theory and cosmology

PACS

98.80.Cq Particle-theory and field-theory models of the early Universe (including cosmic pancakes, cosmic strings, chaotic phenomena, inflationary universe, etc.)

98.80.Es Observational cosmology (including Hubble constant, distance scale, cosmological constant, early Universe, etc)

95.30.Tg Thermodynamic processes, conduction, convection, equations of state

Subjects

Gravitation and cosmology

Astrophysics and astroparticles

Dates

Issue 10 (October 2009)

Received 13 July 2009, accepted for publication 29 September 2009

Published 19 October 2009



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