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Can dark energy be decaying?

Ujjaini Alam1, Varun Sahni1 and Alexei A Starobinsky2

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We explore the fate of the Universe given the possibility that the density associated with `dark energy' may decay slowly with time. Decaying dark energy is modelled by a homogeneous scalar field which couples minimally to gravity and whose potential has at least one local quadratic maximum. Dark energy decays as the scalar field rolls down its potential, consequently the current acceleration epoch is a transient. We examine two models of decaying dark energy. In the first, the dark energy potential is modelled by an analytical form which is generic close to the potential maximum. The second potential is the cosine, which can become negative as the field evolves, ensuring that a spatially flat Universe collapses in the future. We examine the feasibility of both models using observations of high redshift type Ia supernovae. A maximum likelihood analysis is used to find allowed regions in the {mphi0} plane (m is the tachyon mass modulus and phi0 the initial scalar field value; m ~ H0 and phi0 ~ MP by order of magnitude). For the first model, the time for the potential to drop to half its maximum value is larger than ~8 Gyr. In the case of the cosine potential, the time left until the Universe collapses is always greater than ~18 Gyr (both estimates are presented for Ω0m  =  0.3, m/H0 ~ 1, H0 simeq 70 km s−1 Mpc−1, and at the 95.4% confidence level).


Keywords

supernova type Ia

dark energy theory

PACS

95.35.+d Dark matter (stellar, interstellar, galactic, and cosmological)

98.80.Es Observational cosmology (including Hubble constant, distance scale, cosmological constant, early Universe, etc)

97.60.Bw Supernovae

Subjects

Gravitation and cosmology

Particle physics and field theory

Astrophysics and astroparticles

Dates

Issue 04 (April 2003)

Received 15 February 2003, accepted for publication 25 March 2003

Published 23 April 2003



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