Hao Xiang et al 2008 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 10 075005 doi:10.1088/1464-4258/10/7/075005
Hao Xiang, Zheng Zhenrong, Liu Xu and Gu Peifu
Show affiliationsA method of designing refractive freeform surface lenses for uniform illumination is described. Using Snell's law, the differential equations are given to denote the relationship between the directions of the normal of the freeform surface and the input/output ray vectors; the Runge–Kutta formulae are used to calculate it. Moreover, two optical models for uniform illumination are discussed. By this process, uniform, narrow divergence half-angle, high-usage illumination over the given area is achieved. Some practical examples are also included in this paper.
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
02.50.Ng Distribution theory and Monte Carlo studies
42.15.Eq Optical system design
02.60.Lj Ordinary and partial differential equations; boundary value problems
Issue 7 (July 2008)
Received 15 October 2007, accepted for publication 25 April 2008
Published 12 May 2008
Hao Xiang et al 2008 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 10 075005
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