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Nanocomposite electrode materials for high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries

S J Kim, S H Kim, D H Kim, J S Im, H Y Ahn, J W Kang, E J Kim and J Kim

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The manganese and chromium oxide nanocomposite electrode materials were synthesized by redox reactions using transition metal powders in solutions. The layered Li[CrxLi(1/3 − x/3)Mn(2/3 − 2x/3)] O2 (x= 0.054, 0.0142, 0.147 and 0.311) materials having α-NaFeO2 (R-3 m) structure were prepared by solid-state reactions with LiOH and the pre-prepared manganese and chromium precursors. The amount of chromium, after removing the traces of Li2CrO4 from the prepared samples, is found to increase with temperature. The Li[CrxLi(1/3 − x/3)Mn(2/3 − 2x/3)] O2 material with x = 0.147 exhibits a high discharge capacity of 280 mAh g− 1 in the first cycle and a good reversible capacity of about 250 mAh g− 1 when cycled in the voltage range 2.0–4.9 V. Whereas, the Li[CrxLi(1/3 − x/3)Mn(2/3 − 2x/3)]O2 material with x = 0.311 delivers a very low initial discharge capacity of 98 mAh g−1, which is found to be increased up to a discharge capacity of about 260 mAh g− 1 at the 30th cycling. This drastic increase in capacity is attributed to the redox couples of Cr+ 4/Cr+ 6 and Cr+3/Cr+4.


PACS

61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials

82.30.-b Specific chemical reactions; reaction mechanisms

82.45.Yz Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry

82.45.Fk Electrodes

82.47.Aa Lithium-ion batteries

Subjects

Nanoscale science and low-D systems

Chemical physics and physical chemistry

Dates

Issue T129 (December 2007)

Received 2 April 2007, accepted for publication 21 July 2007

Published 23 November 2007



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