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Deutsche Physikalische Gessellschaft IOP Institute of Physics

Entanglement and its dynamics in open, dissipative systems

L Hartmann1, W Dür1,2 and H J Briegel1,2

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Quantum mechanical entanglement can exist in noisy open quantum systems at high temperature. A simple mechanism, where system particles are randomly reset to some standard initial state, can counteract the deteriorating effect of decoherence, resulting in an entangled steady state far from thermodynamical equilibrium. We present models for both gas-type systems and for strongly coupled systems. We point out in which way the entanglement resulting from such a reset mechanism is different from the entanglement that one can find in thermal states. We develop master equations to describe the system and its interaction with an environment, study toy models with two particles (qubits), where the master equation can often be solved analytically, and finally examine larger systems with possibly fluctuating particle numbers. We find that in gas-type systems, the reset mechanism can produce an entangled steady state for an arbitrary temperature of the environment, while this is not true in strongly coupled systems. But even then the temperature range where one can find entangled steady states is typically much higher with the reset mechanism.


PACS

03.65.Ud Entanglement and quantum nonlocality (e.g. EPR paradox, Bell's inequalities, GHZ states, etc.)

03.65.Yz Decoherence; open systems; quantum statistical methods

03.67.Mn Entanglement measures, witnesses, and other characterizations

05.70.-a Thermodynamics

Subjects

Computational physics

Statistical physics and nonlinear systems

Quantum information and quantum mechanics

Dates

Issue 7 (July 2007)

Received 14 March 2007

Published 13 July 2007



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