Chris Sturm et al 2009 New J. Phys. 11 073044 doi:10.1088/1367-2630/11/7/073044
Observation of strong exciton–photon coupling at temperatures up to 410 K
Chris Sturm1, Helena Hilmer, Rüdiger Schmidt-Grund and Marius Grundmann
Show affiliationsWe report on the observation of strong exciton–photon coupling in a ZnO-based microresonator consisting of a half medium wavelength ZnO cavity embedded between two dielectric Bragg reflectors made of 10.5 layer pairs of yttria stabilized zirconia and Al2O3. The microresonator was investigated by photoluminescence and reflectivity measurements in a wide temperature range between 10 and 550 K. With both techniques a lower polariton branch (LPB) was observable. As expected no signal from an upper polariton branch could be detected caused by the strong absorption of ZnO in this spectral range. The dispersion behaviour of the LPB (in both energy and broadening) is well described by a model that takes into account the coupling between one exciton mode and one cavity-photon mode. From this analysis we can conclude that the microresonator is in the strong coupling regime up to 410 K. Maximum values of the coupling strength at 10 K of 51 meV, respectively 55 meV, could be derived from the photoluminescence and from the reflectivity. These results demonstrate the high potential of ZnO microresonators for the realization of a Bose–Einstein condensation at room temperature and above.
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GENERAL SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY
Introduction and background. The interaction of light and matter has been intensively investigated in recent decades since it is fundamental for many optical applications and devices such as lasers. In microresonators strong light–matter coupling results in the formation of new bosonic quasi-particles. The tiny particle mass of these so-called exciton–polaritons is predicted to enable them to form a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) far above room temperature. The emission from such a macroscopic quantum state provides the basis for new applications, e.g. ultra-low threshold lasers. The main obstacle so far is the limited temperature range for the formation of exciton–polaritons. Up to now, exciton–polaritons have been observed at best up to room temperature only.Main results. We deduce the formation of exciton–polaritons in a ZnO based microresonator from the angular dependence of photoluminescence (PL) and reflectivity (R) in the temperature range 10–550 K. In order to obtain the coupling strength of the light–matter interaction, the dispersion was analyzed. A huge coupling strength of 51 meV in the PL and 55 meV in the R experiments was found at T = 10 K. Furthermore, we can conclude from this analysis that our microresonator is in the strong coupling regime for temperatures up to 410 K.
Wider implications. These results represent the first observation of strong exciton–photon coupling well above room temperature and show that devices based on the emission of these exciton–polaritons operating stably at room temperature are possible. Furthermore, the observed huge coupling strength of this microresonator demonstrates the high potential of ZnO based microresonators for the realization of a BEC at room temperature and above.
- PACS
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71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)
- Subjects
- Dates
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Issue 7 (July 2009)
Received 1 May 2009
Published 23 July 2009
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Observation of strong exciton–photon coupling at temperatures up to 410 K
Chris Sturm et al 2009 New J. Phys. 11 073044
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