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Figure 1. (0.4 and 0.3 MB, GIF) (a)–(c) A canine ventricular myocyte during contraction in response to an electric field pulse. (d) 3D reconstructed canine ventricular myocyte.

Figure 2. (Java applet) Human torso with heart in VF

    
Figure 6(a) and (b). (Java applets) Examples of ionic models of cardiac electrophysiology.

Figure 7. (Java applet) Interactive structure of the heart.

            
Figure 8(a)–(d). (Java applets) Images of 3D cardiac structures.

Figure 9. (Java applet) Reconstructed equine cardiac anatomy together with the MRI images from which it was developed.

Figure 10. (Java applet) Blood vessels in the heart.

Figure 11. (3.9 MB, GIF) Purkinje system in right ventricular canine tissue: simulated propagation along the network.

Figure 12. (0.7 MB, GIF) Experimental (left) and simulated (right) anatomical reentrant arrhythmia.

Figure 12(a). (4.5 MB, MOV) Experimental anatomical reentrant arrhythmia.

Figure 13. (Java applet) Example of reentry in a 1D ring.

        
Figure 14. (0.3, 0.2 and 0.7 MB, GIF) Initiation of reentry during the vulnerable window. Point stimulus applied too late (left), too early (middle) and during the vulnerable window (right).

        
        
Figure 15. (0.1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.5, 0.9 and 0.7 MB, GIF) Six different types of spiral wave tip trajectories.

    
Figure 17. (0.2 and 0.3 MB, GIF) Reentrant wave trajectories in experimental preparations. (Left) Circular trajectory in canine atrium with 3μM ACh. (Right) Linear trajectory in canine ventricle.

Figure 18(b). (1.7 MB, MOV) Optical signal from canine left ventricular epicardium showing alternans during pacing at a CL of 185 ms.

        
Figure 19. (Java applets) Maps of alternans in (a)–(b) voltage, and (c) calcium.

Figure 20. (Java applet) Spatially discordant alternans in a simulated 1D cable.

Figure 21. (2.8 MB, MOV) Spatially discordant alternans progressing to spiral wave breakup.

Figure 22. (2.5 MB, GIF) 'Mother rotor' with fibrillatory conduction and breakup.

Figure 23. (8.8 MB, GIF) Breakup of reentrant waves in canine left ventricle.

Figure 24. (10.0 MB, MOV) Optical signal from canine left ventricular epicardium showing alternans during pacing at a CL of 185 ms.

    
Figure 25. (4.1 and 2.0 MB, MOV) Canine atrial preparation with two different types of spiral wave dynamics.

    
Figure 27. (1.2 and 2.0 MB, GIF) Spiral wave dynamics of the ten Tusscher et al model.

    
Figure 28. (0.3 MB MOV and 0.6 MB GIF) Left: Top view and view of the vortex filament together with the voltage in different planes. Right: Views during rotation of a scroll ring.

    
Figure 29. (Java applets) Breakup of scroll waves in a simulated 3D tissue slab.

    
Figure 30. (1.3 MB MOV and Java applet) Reentrant spiral wave on the surfaces of a canine ventricular preparation and reconstructed 3D anatomy with overlaid optical mapping images during fibrillation.

    
Figure 31. (5.7 and 2.5 MB, MOV) Single spiral wave in the rabbit ventricular geometry of [74] simulating VT. (b) Multiple spiral waves in the same geometry simulating VF.

    
Figure 32. (1.4 and 1.1 MB, GIF) (a) Single spiral wave in the human atrial geometry of [76] simulating AFl. (b) Multiple spiral waves in the same geometry simulating AF.

    
    
Figure 33. (Java applets) Arrhythmias in the context of the whole heart.

Figure 34. (1.1 MB, MOV) Termination of equine AF by quinidine.

Figure 35. (2.9 MB, MOV) Example of defibrillation following application of a high-energy shock in canine atrium.

    
    
Figure 36. (Java applet and 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2 MB MOV) Formation of secondary sources in cardiac tissue.

    
Figure 37. (2.7 and 1.6 MB, MOV) Simulated atrial fibrillation with inexcitable lesions simulating catheter ablation.

Figure 38. (1.5 MB, GIF) Visualization of ventricular arrhythmias.