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Deutsche Physikalische Gessellschaft IOP Institute of Physics

Fundamental statistical features and self-similar properties of tagged networks

Gergely Palla1,3, Illés J Farkas1, Péter Pollner1, Imre Derényi2 and Tamás Vicsek1,2

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We investigate the fundamental statistical features of tagged (or annotated) networks having a rich variety of attributes associated with their nodes. Tags (attributes, annotations, properties, features, etc) provide essential information about the entity represented by a given node, thus, taking them into account represents a significant step towards a more complete description of the structure of large complex systems. Our main goal here is to uncover the relations between the statistical properties of the node tags and those of the graph topology. In order to better characterize the networks with tagged nodes, we introduce a number of new notions, including tag-assortativity (relating link probability to node similarity), and new quantities, such as node uniqueness (measuring how rarely the tags of a node occur in the network) and tag-assortativity exponent. We apply our approach to three large networks representing very different domains of complex systems. A number of the tag related quantities display analogous behaviour (e.g. the networks we studied are tag-assortative, indicating possible universal aspects of tags versus topology), while some other features, such as the distribution of the node uniqueness, show variability from network to network allowing for pin-pointing large scale specific features of real-world complex networks. We also find that for each network the topology and the tag distribution are scale invariant, and this self-similar property of the networks can be well characterized by the tag-assortativity exponent, which is specific to each system.


PACS

89.75.Hc Networks and genealogical trees

89.75.Fb Structures and organization in complex systems

02.10.Ox Combinatorics; graph theory

Subjects

Mathematical physics

Statistical physics and nonlinear systems

Dates

Issue 12 (December 2008)

Received 2 October 2008

Published 18 December 2008



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