Abstract
The topography and solvation structure of a solution–TiO2 interface were observed in the dark using highly sensitive, frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM). The nucleation and growth of an ionic solute, KCl, in this study, were observed in constant frequency-shift topography. The force applied to the tip was determined as a function of tip–surface distance. Modulations were identified on some force curves and were found to be related to the site-specific density of water molecules.
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