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Evaluation of blood pressure changes using vascular transit time

Jong Yong Abdiel Foo1, Chu Sing Lim1,2 and Ping Wang1

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Imbalance of the human haemodynamic system can provide a prognosis of syncope, dizziness or hypertension. This can be assessed by monitoring its responses to postural change. Examining variations in blood pressure (BP) is deemed an effective means to identify symptoms of this associated condition. However, conventional methods do not promote prolonged monitoring due to the discomfort caused to patients. Established correlations between BP and pulse wave transmission have shown its usefulness in clinical applications. In this study, photoplethysmography and phonocardiography were used to estimate BP changes via observed variations in delay transmission or vascular transit time (VTT) at the upper limb. Thirty-one healthy adults (21 male) were recruited to perform three test activities, namely the arm held at heart level, fully raised up and held down. Association of the three BP indices and heart rate variations with transit time changes was then computed. The results showed that observed VTT changes were related to systolic BP (R2 = 0.820; p < 0.05), diastolic BP (R2 = 0.517; p < 0.05), mean arterial pressure (R2 = 0.673; p < 0.05) and heart rate (R2 = 0.000; p > 0.05). As systolic BP had the strongest correlation, a regression equation was formulated to associate the two parameters. The non-invasive measuring nature of VTT can be more accommodating to patients, especially during continual monitoring. Moreover, it has the added advantage that the pre-ejection period is not included in its time-related derivations.


PACS

87.63.L- Visual imaging

47.63.Cb Blood flow in cardiovascular system

87.19.U- Hemodynamics

47.80.Fg Pressure and temperature measurements

87.19.X- Diseases

Subjects

Fluid dynamics

Instrumentation and measurement

Biological physics

Medical physics

Dates

Issue 8 (August 2006)

Received 28 December 2005, accepted for publication 3 May 2006

Published 26 May 2006



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