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Reverse iontophoresis for non-invasive transdermal monitoring

REVIEW ARTICLE

Benoît Leboulanger1,2, Richard H Guy1,2 and M Begoña Delgado-Charro1,2

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TOPICAL REVIEW

Iontophoresis is the application of a small electric current to enhance the transport of both charged and polar, neutral compounds across the skin. Manipulation of either the total charge delivered and/or certain electrode formulation parameters allows control of electromigration and electroosmosis, the two principal mechanisms of transdermal iontophoresis. While the approach has been mainly used for transdermal drug delivery, 'reverse iontophoresis', by which substances are extracted to the skin surface, has recently been the subject of considerable effort. Glucose monitoring has been extensively studied and other applications, including therapeutic drug monitoring, are contributing to the development of the technique. An internal standard calibration procedure may ultimately render this novel monitoring technique completely non-invasive.


PACS

87.16.Uv Active transport processes

87.19.R- Mechanical and electrical properties of tissues and organs

87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)

Subjects

Instrumentation and measurement

Medical physics

Biological physics

Dates

Issue 3 (June 2004)

Received 3 October 2003, accepted for publication 6 January 2004

Published 20 April 2004



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