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Virtual microfluidic traps, filters, channels and pumps using Marangoni flows

Amar S Basu1 and Yogesh B Gianchandani

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This paper describes how Marangoni flows of various forms can be generated in thin liquid films for the purposes of microfluidic manipulation. Several microfluidic components, including traps, channels, filters and pumps, for manipulating aqueous droplets suspended in a film of oil on blank, unpatterned substrates are demonstrated. These are 'virtual' devices because they have no physical structure; they accomplish their function entirely by localized variations in surface tension (Marangoni flows) created in a non-contact manner by heat sources suspended just above the liquid surface. Various flow patterns can be engineered through the geometric design of the heat sources on size scales ranging from 10 to 1000 µm. A point source generates toroidal flows which can be used for droplet merging and mixing. Virtual channels and traps, emulated by linear and annular heat fluxes, respectively, demonstrate nearly 100% size selectivity for droplets ranging from 300 to 1000 µm. A source of heat flux that is parallel to the surface and is triangular with a 10° taper serves as a linear pump, translating droplets of about the same size at speeds up to 200 µm s−1. The paper includes simulations that illuminate the working principle of the devices. Models show that Marangoni flows scale favorably to small length scales. By using microscale thermal devices delivering sharp temperature gradients, it is possible to generate mm s−1 flow velocities with only small increases (<1°) in liquid temperature.


PACS

68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena

47.85.Np Fluidics

85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices

47.55.D- Drops and bubbles

Subjects

Soft matter, liquids and polymers

Fluid dynamics

Electronics and devices

Surfaces, interfaces and thin films

Nanoscale science and low-D systems

Dates

Issue 11 (November 2008)

Received 22 May 2008, in final form 18 August 2008

Published 22 October 2008



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