Wonyoung Lee et al 2009 Nanotechnology 20 445706 doi:10.1088/0957-4484/20/44/445706
Wonyoung Lee1, Minhwan Lee1, Young-Beom Kim1 and Fritz B Prinz1,2
Show affiliationsLocal accumulation and dissipation of charges on the surface of oxide ion conductors resulting from electric potentials were observed with conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM). After a negative bias was applied at the tip, a sequence of surface potential maps appeared compatible with electron injection onto the electrolyte surface. Applying a positive bias, in contrast, generated a positive surface charge adjacent to the tip contact area. This observation is consistent with the formation of oxide ion vacancies on the oxide surface. In addition, oxide ion conductivity at a low temperature range (100–200 °C) was obtained, and the activation energy for diffusion in gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) was calculated as ~0.56 eV, implying that the majority of oxide ion vacancies diffuse on the surface rather than inside the bulk of the electrolyte.
66.30.H- Self-diffusion and ionic conduction in nonmetals
68.37.Ps Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
Surfaces, interfaces and thin films
Issue 44 (4 November 2009)
Received 16 April 2009, in final form 13 July 2009
Published 7 October 2009
Wonyoung Lee et al 2009 Nanotechnology 20 445706
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