Ronald J Tackett et al 2009 Nanotechnology 20 445705 doi:10.1088/0957-4484/20/44/445705
Ronald J Tackett, Abdul W Bhuiya and Cristian E Botez1
Show affiliationsWe investigated the dynamic behavior of ultrafine NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (average size
D
= 3.5 nm) that exhibit anomalous low temperature magnetic properties such as low saturation magnetization and high-field irreversibility in both M(H) and ZFC–FC processes. Besides the expected blocking of the superspin, observed at T1≈45 K, the system undergoes a magnetic transition at T2≈6 K. For the latter, frequency- and temperature-resolved dynamic susceptibility data reveal characteristics that are unambiguously related to collective spin freezing: the relative variation (per frequency decade) of the in-phase susceptibility peak temperature is ~0.025, critical dynamics analysis yields an exponent zν = 9.6 and a zero-field freezing temperature TF = 5.8 K, and, in a magnetic field, TF(H) is excellently described by the de Almeida–Thouless line
. Moreover, out-of-phase susceptibility versus temperature datasets collected at different frequencies collapse on a universal dynamic scaling curve. All these observations indicate the existence of a spin-glass-like surface layer that surrounds the superparamagnetic core and undergoes a transition to a frozen state upon cooling below 5.8 K.
75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
Issue 44 (4 November 2009)
Received 5 May 2009, in final form 24 August 2009
Published 7 October 2009
Ronald J Tackett et al 2009 Nanotechnology 20 445705
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